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Adaptations of Captain America in other media
Created byJoe Simon
Jack Kirby
Original sourceComics published by Marvel Comics
First appearanceCaptain America Comics #1 (March 1941)
Print publications
Novel(s)Captain America: The Great Gold Steal (1968)
Captain America: Holocaust For Hire (1979)
Captain America: Liberty's Torch (1998)
The Death of Captain America (2014)
Captain America: Dark Design (2016)
Films and television
Film(s)Captain America (1944)
Captain America (1979)
Captain America II: Death Too Soon (1979)
Captain America (1990)
Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
Captain America: Civil War (2016)
Captain America: New World Order (2024)
Television
show(s)		The Marvel Super Heroes (1966)
The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021)
Theatrical presentations
Play(s)Marvel Universe Live!
Games
Video game(s)Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann (1987)
Spider-Man and Captain America in Doctor Doom's Revenge (1989)
Captain America and the Avengers (1991)
Captain America: Super Soldier (2011)

Since the 1940s, the comic book character Captain America has been presented in a wide variety of other media, including serial films, feature films, animations, and video games.

Film

Main article: Captain America in film

Animation

Further information: Marvel Animation

Television

1960s

File:MSH-CaptainAmerica 1966TVtoon.jpg
A "Captain America" title card from a segment of the 1966 animated television series The Marvel Super Heroes.

The Marvel Super Heroes (1966): Captain America was one of the five featured superheroes, starring in one "Captain America" segment a week. They were largely straightforward adaptations of not just the character's solo stories from Tales of Suspense, but also several stories from The Avengers series as well.[3][4]

1970s

  • Captain America appeared in two 1979 live-action television movies that aired on CBS: Captain America, which aired January 19, 1979, and Captain America II: Death Too Soon, which was broadcast on November 23, 1979, both starring Reb Brown in the title role. The character differs significantly from the comics in both his origin and his operations. For instance, Steve Rogers is a character in contemporary times whose father was the original Captain America, a 1940s government agent. The very patriotic attitude of Steve's father earned him the nickname Captain America, and his father is spoken of as having been murdered. Rogers, a former Marine now making a modest living as an artist, was inspired by this story to sketch a super-hero. After receiving potentially fatal injuries in an accident, he was administered an experimental chemical called the FLAG—Full Latent Ability Gain—formula (at one point referred to as a "super-steroid") which not only saves his life but also enhances his body with heightened strength and reflexes. These new abilities lead Dr. Simon Mills (Len Birman), the research biochemist and intelligence official who had told Rogers about his father, to recruit him and give Steve a costume based on his drawing. As Captain America, he also makes significant use of a specialized reconstruction of the van he has been driving, out the rear of which can be launched a modified motorcycle. Its functions include a rocket thrust for a fast start out of the van, a jet boost for increased speed, a setting to allow the bike to be ridden with less noise for stealthier movement and a hang glider structure which can allow the bike to glide to the ground with some forward momentum, although it must be jettisoned upon landing. The bike has a round windshield, described as being made of "Jet-Age plastics," with concentric circles that alternate between red and transparent around a centered star, blue in color. He is able to detach this, and he uses it as his shield when he goes on foot. At the end of the first movie, Rogers briefly appears in his father's costume—more accurately a uniform—that bears a stronger resemblance to the uniform Captain America is seen wearing in the comics, and he wears this uniform in the sequel.[3]
  • In Captain America II: Death Too Soon, Brown's Steve Rogers is first shown sketching a portrait of a Mrs. Shawn (Susan French), who complains to him about a gang of muggers who have been stealing the proceeds from cashed Social Security checks; she denies having cashed her most recent one. He bids her to do this in order to set a trap for the muggers, and then he springs it as Captain America. In the meantime, a free-lance revolutionary terrorist calling himself General Miguel (Christopher Lee), planning to fight an unspecified war, kidnaps a Professor Ian Ilson (Christopher Cary) and forces him to resume his research in manipulative gerontology. Ilson has managed to formulate both a chemical that accelerates aging and the antidote to the same chemical, and Miguel, posing as the warden of a prison in Oregon near Portland, plans to use the chemicals in question to hold Portland hostage for a multimillion-dollar ransom. Ultimately Brown's Captain America and Lee's General Miguel directly clash face-to-face, and when Miguel throws a glass bottle of the aging accelerant into the air, hoping it will shatter against Captain America's body, the Captain throws his shield into the air, where it shatters the bottle in such a manner that the aging accelerant splashes Miguel instead, aging him literally to death in less than a minute. The telefilm was directed by Ivan Nagy.

Both of these films were released on DVD for the first time together in 2011 from Shout! Factory.

1980s

1990s

  • Captain America appeared in the X-Men episode "Old Soldiers", voiced by Lawrence Bayne.[3][5] He is an American agent, sent along with Canadian agent Wolverine, to rescue a scientist kidnapped by the Red Skull and the Nazis. He is present in the episode only in flashbacks of Wolverine's. Captain America is voiced by Lawrence Bayne. Additionally, Captain America appears in a brief cameo in the episode "Red Dawn", before the awakening of his Russian counterpart Omega Red.
    • An alternate version of Captain America appeared in the episode "One Man's Worth". In a timeline in which Charles Xavier was murdered before founding the X-Men, Captain America is the leader of a taskforce of superhuman mutant hunters fighting a war against the Mutant Resistance led by Magneto.
  • Captain America made a few appearances in Spider-Man, voiced by David Hayter:[3]
    • He first appeared in "The Cat", with a cameo when Peter Parker is narrating a flashback scene with John Hardeski witnessing the experiment that made Steve Rogers into Captain America. The Red Skull makes a cameo as well.
    • He appeared in the last three episodes of the "Six Forgotten Warriors" saga. The third provides a flashback scene explaining Captain America's disappearance after World War II: he and the Red Skull were trapped in a dimensional machine for the last 50 years. In the last two episodes Captain America is released from the machine (with the Red Skull), and in the final installment he and the Red Skull fight and are, in the end, trapped in the machine once again.
    • In the "Secret Wars" three-parter, Captain America was one of the heroes Spider-Man selected to lead against the villains, choosing him due to his past experience with the Red Skull.
  • Captain America was one of several Avengers who made cameo appearances in the second season of the mid-1990s Fantastic Four series.
  • Captain America appears in The Avengers: United They Stand episode "Command Decision".[3] The story involves the Masters of Evil and a flashback to Captain America defeating Baron Zemo. He was voiced by Dan Chameroy.
  • In the 1990s, a planned Captain America animated series from Saban Entertainment to air on Fox Kids proposed that Captain America's true name was Tommy Tompkins, with "Steve Rogers" being a cover name assigned to him by the U.S. Army. The Red Skull would appear as the main antagonist. The series was cancelled in preproduction with scripts written, characters designed and a one-minute pitch film produced, because of Marvel's bankruptcy.[6][7][8]

2000s

  • X-Men: Evolution (2000): Captain America and Nick Fury appear in one episode, "Operation Rebirth". In this episode, Captain America is made into the super soldier during World War II through the use of a stasis tank chamber called "Operation Rebirth", similar to the comics. He gains incredible physical prowess much like his comic book counterpart, but at a hefty price; a defect in the process causes eventual cellular breakdown, forcing Captain America to be put into stasis until a cure can be found. During World War II, he participates in a joint operation with the Canadian soldier Logan to liberate a POW camp, where he saves a boy named Erik Lehnsherr, the future Magneto. When he begins to break down, he and Logan destroy Project Rebirth's stasis tank so that no one else will have to suffer through his condition. Logan later learns that another one was made and subsequently stolen by Magneto, as it has a fountain of youth-like effect on mutants. The episode ends with Wolverine visiting Captain America's stasis chamber, telling his old comrade that they will find a cure for his condition eventually, and also assuring him that they made a great team in their time.
  • Captain America appears in The Super Hero Squad Show voiced by Tom Kenny.[9] In this show he is seen as a leader who will often go rambling about the 1930s and 1940s, and occasionally even forgets he is no longer in the 1940s.
  • In Iron Man: Armored Adventures, Captain America is frequently referenced. In "Ghosts in the Machine", a class is seen being taught about Captain America who participated in three public battles in World War 2. A picture of Captain America is seen as well. In "Extremist", S.H.I.E.L.D. was mentioned to have recovered Captain America.

2010s

  • Captain America appeared in the first episode of Black Panther, voiced by Adrian Pasdar. He traveled to Wakanda during World War II in search of Nazi invaders, facing T'Challa's father, T'Chaka.
  • Captain America is featured in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Brian Bloom.[10][11] His frozen body is initially found and thawed out by the Avengers in the episode "Living Legend", and he joins the team at the end of the episode. At the end of the first-season finale, "A Day Unlike Any Other", Captain America is captured and replaced by a Skrull. In season two of episode "Prisoner of War", Captain America was held captive in the Skrull ship for two months, after which Captain America freed and helps others captive to escape from the Skrull ship. In the episode "Secret Invasion", Captain America returns to Earth and assists the Avengers in battling the Skrulls. In "Code Red", Iron Man officially makes Captain America the leader.
  • Captain America appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload, voiced by Roger Craig Smith.
  • Captain America appears in the Toei anime series Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Kazuhiro Nakaya in Japanese dubbed version. In the English dubbed version, he is reprised by Roger Craig Smith.[12]
  • Captain America appears in the television special Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled, voiced again by Roger Craig Smith.[13]
  • Captain America is mentioned in the 2011 episode, "Ghost in the Machine" of Iron Man: Armored Adventures on a history test Tony Stark takes.
  • Captain America appears in Marvel Future Avengers, with Kazuhiro Nakaya and Roger Craig Smith reprising their roles in the Japanese and English dubbed versions from Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers and various Marvel media respectively.
  • A mural graffiti of the Steve Rogers incarnation appears in the Disney Television Animation series Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur (2023). The Sam Wilson incarnation of the character appears in a voiceless cameo at the end of the episode "Today, I Am a Woman", as he arrests Odessa Drake for stealing his and other superheroes' items.

Marvel Animation

  • Captain America appears in Ultimate Spider-Man, voiced by Roger Craig Smith.[14] In the episode "Not a Toy", he joins forces with Spider-Man to retrieve his shield from Doctor Doom to stop him from analyzing and replicating the unique vibranium-adamantium alloy properties of in the shield. He has a brief cameo in the episode "Guardians of the Galaxy", where he is voiced by Chris Cox.
  • Captain America appears in Avengers Assemble, voiced once again by Roger Craig Smith. Matthew Mercer was originally supposed to take over the role in Season 3, but instead Smith maintained it.[15] In the first episode, Captain America is apparently destroyed by his enemy Red Skull, but it is then revealed that Red Skull captured him so he could body switch with Captain America, since he was dying and needed to switch bodies with him because of the super-soldier serum in him worked. Captain America then rejoins the team after Red Skull's defeat.[16]
  • Captain America appears the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., voiced again by Roger Craig Smith.[17] He has made a brief cameo appearance in the episode "Monsters No More".[18] He later reappears in "Guardians of the Galaxy" along with the Avengers being Skrulls in disguise. In "Days of Future Smash: Year of the Hydra", He appeared in the past fighting alongside a time-traveling Hulk during World War II to stop The Leader and Red Skull from recreating Dr. Erskine's super soldier serum and augmenting it with gamma radiation. Simultaneously in an alternate future timeline, Captain America fights to save the world as it was taken over by Hydra and run by The Leader. In this timeline, Captain America was never frozen but despite being in his late nineties, the super soldier serum in his body appeared to retard his aging, still in peak physical condition and appearing only in his mid/late forties. Ultimately, Hulk and past-Captain America stop The Leader, returning the timeline to its original settings.
  • Captain America appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy episodes "Stayin' Alive" and "Evolution Rock", voiced again by Roger Craig Smith.
  • Captain America appears in the Spider-Man episode “School of Hard Knocks”, again voiced by Roger Craig Smith.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

  • The Marvel Cinematic Universe version of Captain America briefly appears via stock footage in the pilot episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. In November 2013, Jed Whedon, the co-creator of the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., said that there were plans to reference events from Captain America: The Winter Soldier in the show.[19] In March 2014, a promotional logo for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. surfaced which features an image of Captain America's shield,[20] teasing the series of episodes dubbed "Uprising".[21]
  • In April 2016, ahead of the release of the Captain America: Civil War film and after the final season of Agent Carter, ABC aired an official Marvel documentary entitled Captain America: 75 Heroic Years, exploring Captain America's history and featuring Chris Evans, Stan Lee, Steve Engelhardt and more.[22]
  • Captain America was referenced several times in Jessica Jones for his involvement in the Battle of New York. In Episode 5 "AKA The Sandwich Saved Me," a child can be seen running around in a Captain America costume.
  • In The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, Sam Wilson gives up the shield after the events of Avengers: Endgame and the US government hands the shield and the mantle of Captain America to John Walker. After he kills a member of the Flag Smashers in view of the public, Wilson and Bucky Barnes take the shield from Walker and he is stripped of the Captain America title by the government. Wilson then decides to take the mantle of Captain America after witnessing the injustice visited upon Black Super Soldier Isaiah Bradley by the government. The series ends with the title card Captain America and the Winter Soldier.
  • Alternate versions of Captain America/Steve Rogers from the multiverse appear in the animated series What If...?. He is voiced by Josh Keaton, replacing Chris Evans for the show.

Video games

Motion comics

  • Captain America appears in the Spider-Woman: Agent of S.W.O.R.D. motion comic, voiced by Jeffrey Hedquist.[30]
  • Captain America appears in the Ultimate Hulk vs. Wolverine motion comic, voiced by Trevor Devall.[30]
  • Captain America appears in the Wolverine versus Sabretooth motion comic, voiced again by Trevor Devall.[30]
  • Captain America appears in the Wolverine: Weapon X motion comic, voiced by Clay St. Thomas.[30]

Novels

Captain America was the subject of Marvel's second foray into prose book licensing: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White in 1968, following an Avengers novel in 1967.[32] This novel presented a different version of Captain America.[33] The novel adds a further element to the Super-Soldier process wherein Rogers' bones are plated with stainless steel. The character later appears in Captain America: Holocaust For Hire by Joseph Silva published by Pocket Books in 1979[34] and Captain America: Liberty's Torch by Tony Isabella and Bob Ingersoll published in 1998, in which the hero is put on trial for the imagined crimes of America by a hostile militia group.[35]

Live performances

Fine arts

In July 2016, Marvel and Disney announced that they would be unveiling a 13-foot-tall, one ton bronze statue of Captain America at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The statue, designed by artists at Marvel and Comicave Studios, would tour the United States before its destination in Brooklyn, the character's hometown in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The statue had a dedication ceremony at Brooklyn's Prospect Park on August 10, 2016, stayed there for two weeks before going to Barclays Center for a month, and has since been on display at a Bed Bath & Beyond complex at Industry City - it does not yet have a permanent home.[40][41]

Starting with the Pop Art period and on a continuing basis, since the 1960s the character of Captain America has been "appropriated" by multiple visual artists and incorporated into contemporary artwork, most notably by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Mel Ramos, Dulce Pinzon, Mr. Brainwash, and others.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

Intellectual property rights

Marvel Comics has held several trademark registrations for the name "Captain America" as well as the distinctive logos used on the comic book series and in the associated merchandising. An application was filed on August 10, 1967, for use in comic books and magazines and a registration was granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office on August 13, 1968.[48] Marvel's parent company, Disney, received a design patent on Captain America's shield in 2018.[49][50]

Infringement case

The Scottish Indie rock band Eugenius was formerly known as Captain America and released the Wow (1991) and Flame On (1992) eps under that name. The threat of legal action by Marvel Comics made the band change its name.[51][52][53]

References

  1. ^ Harvey, James (2008). "Next Avengers Heroes of Tomorrow". Marvel Movie Age. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  2. ^ "Marvel Entertainment on Twitter". Twitter. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Goldman, Eric (April 23, 2012). "The Avengers: Captain America's TV History". IGN. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  4. ^ Thomas, Roy; Sanderson, Peter (2007). The Marvel Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the World of Marvel. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0762428441. In 1966, television production company Grantray-Lawrence produced a series of five half-hour semi-animated shows under the banner title Marvel Superheroes. Captain America, The Incredible Hulk, Iron Man, The Mighty Thor, and Sub-Mariner all made their television debuts.
  5. ^ "X-Men Season 5 Episode 11 'Old Soldiers'". TV.com. n.d. Archived from the original on July 5, 2013.
  6. ^ Cronin, Brian (July 9, 2009). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #215". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  7. ^ Meugniot, Will (n.d.). "It Almost Happened! Captain America: The Series!". StoryBoardPro.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  8. ^ Fletcher, Marc (August 13, 2009). "Cartoon Graveyard #5 (Captain America)". Rayguns & Sixshooters. Archived from the original on November 9, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  9. ^ "Marvel Super Hero Squad Voice Cast". Comics Continuum. July 28, 2009. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  10. ^ Busch, Jenna (February 8, 2010). "Avengers Animated Assembling w/ Phil Lamarr". Newsarama. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  11. ^ "The Avengers: EMH! Voicing Captain America". Marvel Comics. April 25, 2011. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  12. ^ "Disney Announces Japanese, Animated Marvel Disk Wars Series". Comic Book Resources. October 23, 2013. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  13. ^ "Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled". Lego Marvel Super Heroes. November 16, 2015.
  14. ^ Harvey, James (March 5, 2012). "Press Release For Marvel Universe Block, Animated Spider-Man and The Avengers". Marvel Animation Age. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
  15. ^ Sunu, Steve (October 13, 2012). "NYCC: Coulson Lives In Whedon's S.H.I.E.L.D.". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013.
  16. ^ Strecker, Erin (May 8, 2013). "Marvel's Avengers Assemble on DisneyXD -- Exclusive First Look". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013.
  17. ^ "Guardians of the Galaxy". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 2. Episode 29. November 2, 2014. Disney XD.
  18. ^ "Monsters No More". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 1. Episode 24. June 29, 2014. Disney XD.
  19. ^ "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Thor Might Not Be The Only Crossover". TV Guide. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original on November 21, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  20. ^ @MingNa (March 2, 2014). "#AgentsofSHIELD has #CaptainAmerica's shield in background in #ABC ad! So epic! New ep this tues, March 4th, 8pm!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 3, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2014 – via Twitter.
  21. ^ Barr, Merrill (March 4, 2014). "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Is About To Become The Show Everyone Wanted It To Be". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  22. ^ Captain America: 75 Heroic Years (English, Portuguese subtitles) YouTube (originally aired on ABC)
  23. ^ a b "Captain America in Video Games: A Retrospective". Marvel Comics. October 5, 2009. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  24. ^ Denick, Thom (2006). Marvel Ultimate Alliance: Signature Series Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. pp. 6, 7, 65, 128, 203, 213. ISBN 0-7440-0844-1.
  25. ^ "Marvel Costume Kit 3". Sony. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  26. ^ Calimlim, Aldrin (December 13, 2012). "Thumbs Up, Soldier! Captain America Enters The Avengers Initiative". AppAdvice.com. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013.
  27. ^ "Captain America joins Marvel Heroes". Marvel Heroes. October 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  28. ^ "LEGO Marvel Super Heroes On the Way". Marvel Comics. January 8, 2013. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  29. ^ Capcom. Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite. Capcom. Scene: Credits, "Cast".
  30. ^ a b c d e f "Voice Of Captain America - Captain America franchise | Behind The Voice Actors". Behindthevoiceactors.com. n.d. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2018. Check marks indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  31. ^ "Wish you could direct your own ending to #AvengersInfinityWar?". Twitter. April 30, 2018. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  32. ^ Wells, John (2014). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 978-1605490557.
  33. ^ Christiansen, Jeff (March 17, 2006). "Earth-6871 (Captain America: The Great Gold Steal)". The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  34. ^ Silva, Joseph (1979). Captain America: Holocaust For Hire. New York, New York: Pocket Books. p. 191. ISBN 9780671820862.
  35. ^ Isabella, Tony; Ingersoll, Bob (1998). Captain America: Liberty's Torch. New York, New York: Berkley Books. pp. 272. ISBN 978-0425166192.
  36. ^ Nemy, Enid (April 5, 1985), ""Broadway" (column)", The New York Times, archived from the original on November 9, 2012, retrieved April 28, 2010
  37. ^ Mangels, Andy (February 2011). "Oh, Say, Can You Sing...? The Mystery of the Captain America Musical". Back Issue! (46). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 13–16.
  38. ^ Gross, Michael (June 2, 1987). "Spider-Man to Wed Model". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018.
  39. ^ "Character Reveals for Marvel Universe LIVE!". Marvel Comics. November 25, 2013. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.
  40. ^ Truitt, Brian (July 5, 2016). "Exclusive: Captain America celebrates 75 years with new bronze statue". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  41. ^ Petty, Rachel (August 8, 2016). "Brooklynites object to Captain America statue in Prospect Park". New York Post. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019.
  42. ^ "Marvels". The Andy Warhol Museum. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  43. ^ Frost, Nick. "The "Grandson of Pop Art" Returns Home". www.wesa.fm. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  44. ^ Bayly, Heather Jane (October 16, 2013). "Professional Wrestling and Contemporary Photography: The Case of Dulce Pinzón's The Real Story of the Superheroes". Revue de recherche en civilisation américaine (in French) (4). ISSN 2101-048X.
  45. ^ "No superheroes in MOLAA's 3 new exhibitions". Orange County Register. October 18, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  46. ^ Wilkinson, Don. "Art Beat: When imitation is not the sincerest form of flattery". southcoasttoday.com. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  47. ^ "Captain America by Mr. Brainwash on artnet". www.artnet.com. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  48. ^ "Captain America". United States Patent and Trademark Office. n.d.
  49. ^ Burton, Bonnie (June 5, 2018). "New Captain America patent could mean something big from Disney". Cnet.com. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. There's no official statement from Disney as of yet on what the new patent is for. Regardless, Disney filing a patent is a smart move considering design patents can be worth a lot of money.
  50. ^ "Disney Gets Captain America Design Patent". HPSlawgroup.com. August 30, 2018. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019.
  51. ^ Robbins, Ira A. (1997). The Trouser Press Guide to 90's Rock: The All-New Fifth Edition of the Trouser Press Record Guide. New York, New York: Fireside. p. 244. ISBN 978-0684814377. After the Vaselines, [Eugene] Kelly formed Captain America, which, following two ace singles, abandoned its moniker under threat of legal action from Marvel Comics and adopted his nickname, Eugenius, instead.
  52. ^ Sprague, David (June 14, 1992). "The Name Game: Don't hold your breath..." Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. The band has been calling itself Captain America, but Marvel Comics, which has published the comic of the same name since 1941, says no go.
  53. ^ Cohan, Brad (August 30, 2012). "Q&A: The Vaselines' Eugene Kelly On Nirvana Covering Their Songs, Loving Mudhoney, Eugenius And New Tunes". Village Voice. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. [Eugene] Kelly formed the supremely underrated Captain America, released one of the best singles of the '90s, and toured briefly with Nirvana—and were promptly sued by Marvel Comics and ultimately forced to change their name, fittingly, to Eugenius.
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