Jump to content

Cheltenham

Coordinates: 51°54′N 002°04′W / 51.900°N 2.067°W / 51.900; -2.067
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Entopos (talk | contribs) at 14:10, 4 January 2024 (restored section heading "Demography"; copyedit to new content in this section). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other places with the same name, see Cheltenham (disambiguation).

Cheltenham
Town, non-metropolitan district and borough
Coat of arms of Cheltenham
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Salubritas et Eruditio ("Health and Education")
Cheltenham within Gloucestershire
Cheltenham within Gloucestershire
Coordinates: 51°54′N 002°04′W / 51.900°N 2.067°W / 51.900; -2.067
CountryUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionSouth West England
Ceremonial countyGloucestershire
BoroughCheltenham
Government
 • Governing bodyCheltenham Borough Council
 • LeadershipLeader & Cabinet
 • ExecutiveLiberal Democrat
 • MPAlex Chalk (Conservative)
Area
 • Borough18.00 sq mi (46.61 km2)
 • RankRanked 247th
Population
 (2021 census)
 • Borough118,836[1]
 • RankRanked 201st
 • Density6,640/sq mi (2,563/km2)
Postcode
GL50, GL51, GL52, GL53, GL54
Area code01242
OS grid referenceSO945225
Websitewww.cheltenham.gov.uk

Cheltenham (/ˈtʃɛltnəm/), also known as Cheltenham Spa and sometimes called "the Garden Town of England",[2] is a spa town on the edge of the Cotswolds in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is also a local government district with borough status. Cheltenham became known as a health and holiday spa town resort, following the discovery of mineral springs in 1716, and claims to be the most complete Regency town in Britain.[3]

The town hosts several cultural festivals, often featuring nationally and internationally famous contributors and attendees; they include the Cheltenham Literature Festival, the Cheltenham Jazz Festival, the Cheltenham Science Festival, the Cheltenham Music Festival, the Cheltenham International Film Festival, the Cheltenham Cricket Festival and the Cheltenham Food & Drink Festival.[4][5] In steeplechase horse racing, the Gold Cup is the main event of the Cheltenham Festival and is held every March.

History

Cheltenham in 1933

Cheltenham stands on the small River Chelt, which rises nearby at Dowdeswell and runs through the town on its way to the Severn.[6] It was first recorded in 803, as Celtan hom; the meaning has not been resolved with certainty, but latest scholarship concludes that the first element preserves a Celtic noun cilta, 'steep hill', here referring to the Cotswold scarp; the second element may mean 'settlement' or 'water-meadow'.[7] As a royal manor, it features in the earliest pages of the Gloucestershire section of Domesday Book[8] where it is named Chintenha[m]. The town was awarded a market charter in 1226.

Though little remains of its pre-spa history, Cheltenham has been a health and holiday spa town resort since the discovery of mineral springs there in 1716. Captain Henry Skillicorne (1678–1763), is credited with being the first entrepreneur to recognise the opportunity to exploit the mineral springs.[9] The retired "master mariner" became co-owner of the property containing Cheltenham's first mineral spring upon his 1732[10] marriage to Elizabeth Mason.[11] Her father, William Mason, had done little in his lifetime to promote the healing properties of the mineral water apart from limited advertising and building a small enclosure over the spring.[9] Skillicorne's wide travels as a merchant had prepared him to see the potential lying dormant on this inherited property. After moving to Cheltenham in 1738, he immediately began improvements intended to attract visitors to his spa. He built a pump to regulate the flow of water and erected an elaborate well-house complete with a ballroom and upstairs billiard room to entertain his customers. The beginnings of Cheltenham's tree-lined promenades and the gardens surrounding its spas were first designed by Captain Skillicorne with the help of "wealthy and traveled" friends who understood the value of relaxing avenues. The area's walks and gardens had views of the countryside, and soon the gentry and nobility from across the county were enticed to come and investigate the beneficial waters of Cheltenham's market town spa.[11]

King George III in the 1780s

The visit of George III with the queen and royal princesses in 1788 set a stamp of fashion on the spa.[12] The spa waters can still be sampled at the Pittville Pump Room, built for this purpose and completed in 1830;[13] it is a centrepiece of Pittville, a planned extension of Cheltenham to the north, undertaken by Joseph Pitt, who laid the first stone 4 May 1825.[14]

Cheltenham's success as a spa town is reflected in the railway station, which is still called Cheltenham Spa, and spa facilities in other towns that were inspired by or named after it.[15]

Alice Liddell and Lewis Carroll were regular visitors to a house in Cudnall Street, Charlton Kings – a suburb of Cheltenham. This house was owned by Alice Liddell's grandparents, and still contains the mirror, or looking glass, that was purportedly the inspiration for Lewis Carroll's novel Through the Looking-Glass, published in 1871.[16]

The Promenade, Cheltenham (postcard 1918) by A. R. Quinton

Horse racing began in Cheltenham in 1815, and became a major national attraction after the establishment of the Festival in 1902.[17] Whilst the volume of tourists visiting the spa has declined, the racecourse attracts tens of thousands of visitors to each day of the festival each year,[18] with such large numbers of visitors having a significant impact on the town.

In the Second World War, the United States Army Services of Supply, European Theatre of Operations established its primary headquarters at Cheltenham under the direction of Lt. Gen. John C. H. Lee, with the flats of the Cheltenham Racecourse[19] becoming a giant storage depot for countless trucks, jeeps, tanks and artillery pieces. Most of this materiel was reshipped to the continent for and after the D-Day invasion. Lee and his primary staff had offices and took residence at Thirlestaine Hall in Cheltenham.[20]

The first British jet aircraft prototype, the Gloster E.28/39, was manufactured in Cheltenham. Manufacturing started in Hucclecote near Gloucester, but was later moved to Regent Motors in Cheltenham High Street (now the Regent Arcade), considered a location safer from bombing during the Second World War.

Geography

Cheltenham is on the edge of the Cotswolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the South-West region of England. The small River Chelt flows under and through the town.

Cleeve Hill, overlooks the town and is the highest point in the county of Gloucestershire and the Cotswold Hills range, at 1,083 feet (330 m).

The town is near the northeastern edge of the South West of England region being 88 miles (142 km) west-northwest of London, 38 miles (61 km) northeast of Bristol and 41 miles (66 km) south of Birmingham.[21]

Neighbourhoods

The districts of Cheltenham include: Arle, Benhall, Charlton Kings, Fairview, Fiddler's Green, Hesters Way, Lansdown, Leckhampton, Lynworth, Montpellier, Oakley, Pittville, Prestbury, the Reddings, Rowanfield, St Luke's, St Mark's, St Paul's, St Peter's, Springbank, Swindon Village, Tivoli, Up Hatherley, Whaddon and Wyman's Brook.

Montpellier

Located at the end of the Promenade South of the town centre, affluent Montpellier is known for its bars, restaurants and specialist shops. Surrounded by many grade one listed buildings, Montpellier Gardens are part of the Cheltenham Central Conservation Area.[22]

View of Pittville showing the park and the Pump Room
Pittville

Similarly affluent, but more a garden suburb in nature, is Pittville, known for its large park (the southern part of which is lined with large Regency terraces and villas) and the Pump Room, the largest of Cheltenham's former spa buildings, now a concert and events venue.

Lansdown Crescent

Lansdown Crescent is a Regency period terrace, designed by John Buonarotti Papworth for R.W. and C. Jearrad and constructed in the 1830s. The terrace is convex, and opposite the north-eastern part stands Lansdown Court, an Italianate villa possibly designed by Papworth but more probably by the Jearrads and built about 1830.

Charlton Park

Charlton Park is a former 72-acre (29 ha) historic park with mansion house,[23] about a mile south-east of the town centre. From 1935 the parkland gradually became a private residential area, the main housing development taking place between 1976 and 1983. The original mansion house dated from the 13th century; alterations throughout the centuries transformed it from a medieval, timber-framed hall-house into an 18th-century brick-faced mansion in the classical style. In the 1780s the estate was emparked for deer and had magnificent Dutch-style water gardens. After 1935 the old house became part of Charlton Park Convent, and since 1987 has been part of St Edward's School.

Green belt

Further information: Gloucester and Cheltenham Green Belt

Parts of the town has green belt along its fringes, and this extends into the surrounding Tewkesbury district, helping to maintain local green space, prevent further urban sprawl and unplanned expansion towards Gloucester and Bishop's Cleeve, as well as protecting smaller villages in between. West of the Greenfield Way and Fiddlers Green Lane roads, along with much of the open space up to the Civil Service Sports Ground, as well as the Cheltenham Racecourse and surrounding green park, along with St Peter Leckhampton parish church and Brizen Playing Fields/Haven and Greenmead parks along the south of the borough, are covered.

Government

Main article: Cheltenham Borough Council

Cheltenham Borough Council is the local authority for Cheltenham; it is split into 20 wards, with a total of 40 councillors elected to serve on the borough council. Since 2002, elections have been held every two years with half of the councillors elected at each election.

Administrative history

Cheltenham was an ancient parish.[24] Until 1786 it was administered by its vestry, in the same way as most rural areas. The vestry was supplemented by a body of unelected improvement commissioners in 1786 known as the Paving and Lighting Commission, initially charged with paving, lighting and repairing the streets, which later gained other powers including providing a watch and setting standards for new buildings. The commissioners were reformed in 1852 to be partly-elected and were eventually replaced in 1876 when the town was incorporated as a municipal borough.[25]

On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the borough of Cheltenham was merged with Charlton Kings urban district to form the non-metropolitan district of Cheltenham. Four parishes—Swindon Village, Up Hatherley, Leckhampton and Prestbury—were added to the borough of Cheltenham from the borough of Tewkesbury in 1991.[26]

GCHQ

Government Communications Headquarters' head office (2017)

The head office of the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), known to locals as The Doughnut, is located in Cheltenham, to which it moved in 1951.[27]

Climate

As with the vast majority of the British Isles, Cheltenham experiences a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification). It has warm summers and cool winters. The town held the British maximum temperature record from 1990 to 2003—temperatures reached 98.8 °F (37.1 °C).[28] The absolute minimum is −4.2 °F (−20.1 °C), set during December 1981. During a typical year, 145.6 days will report at least 1 mm of rain, and some 42.2 nights will record air frost.

Climate data for Cheltenham 1981–2010, 65 m asl
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		10.8
(51.4) 		13.8
(56.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.1
(71.8) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.9
(58.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.7
(58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.6
(38.5) 		4.8
(40.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.6
(40.3) 		2.1
(35.8) 		6.8
(44.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 71.6
(2.82) 		61.9
(2.44) 		57.4
(2.26) 		67.7
(2.67) 		67.9
(2.67) 		67.9
(2.67) 		66.4
(2.61) 		66.2
(2.61) 		74.0
(2.91) 		81.1
(3.19) 		80.5
(3.17) 		80.8
(3.18) 		843.4
(33.2)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.5 11.2 12.7 11.9 12.2 11.4 10.5 10.9 11.2 13.9 13.5 12.8 145.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 55.6 74.9 107.6 154.2 184.9 183.0 199.2 186.6 137.2 107.1 64.3 48.9 1,503.5
Source: Met Office[29]


Economy

Cavendish House department store on the Promenade (October 2008)

As a Regency spa town, tourism is an important sector in Cheltenham's economy, but it also has some light industry, including food processing, aerospace and electronics businesses. The Government's electronic surveillance operation Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), known for its "doughnut-shaped" building, is in Cheltenham. Vertex Data Science, GE-Aviation, Chelsea Building Society, Endsleigh Insurance, Archant, Nelson Thornes, UCAS (Universities & Colleges Admissions Service), Kohler Mira, Zürich Financial Services, Douglas Equipment, Volo and Spirax-Sarco Engineering all have sites in and around Cheltenham.

A number of design agencies and businesses are located in the town. Weird Fish was founded in Cheltenham. The multinational design house Meri Meri has its European headquarters in Cheltenham. SuperGroup plc, owner of the Superdry label, has its headquarters in Cheltenham.

Cheltenham is a regional shopping centre, home to department stores, the oldest being Cavendish House, from 1823,[30] and the Regent Arcade.

The Beechwood Shopping Centre in the town centre was demolished in 2017 to make way for a £30million, 115,000 square foot John Lewis store.[31]

Among Cheltenham's many restaurants, two are currently Michelin one-star restaurants, Le Champignon Sauvage and Lumière.[citation needed]

Employment and salary

The unemployment rate in Cheltenham was 2.7%[32] in 2010 compared to the UK national unemployment level of 7.9%.[33] The average GVA per head in Cheltenham was £21,947.27 in 2011[32] compared to the national average of £26,200.[34]

In 2012, The Guardian found that, at the end of 2011, 41 multi-millionaires lived in Cheltenham, which was the fourth-highest rate in the UK of multi-millionaires per 100,000 people at 35.44.[35]

Culture

Architecture
Cheltenham's Municipal Offices, an example of Regency architecture.

The town is known for its Regency architecture and is said to be "the most complete regency town in England".[36] Many of the buildings are listed, including the Cheltenham Synagogue, judged by Nikolaus Pevsner to be one of the architecturally best non-Anglican places of worship in Britain.[37]

Cheltenham Town Hall, erected in 1902 to commemorate the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra

Cheltenham Town Hall was built in 1902 to commemorate the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra.[citation needed]

Art

The Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum, also called The Wilson, hosts a programme of art exhibitions running throughout the year. The Wilson was named after polar explorer Edward Wilson, who was born in Cheltenham.

In 2014, many of the town's historic cultural and leisure buildings were put under the control of The Cheltenham Trust,[38] a charity set up to manage and develop the buildings on behalf of the town. Along with The Wilson, the Trust now manages the Town Hall, the Pittville Pump Room, the Prince of Wales Stadium and Leisure @, a large fitness and swimming complex. A volunteer board of Trustees controls the Trust.[39] The Trust's CEO is Julie Finch, former director of museums in Bristol.[40]

In 2014, a piece of graffiti by street artist Banksy appeared next to a telephone box in a residential street in Cheltenham. The graffiti depicted three men in trench coats and dark glasses apparently listening in to calls made in the telephone box.[41]

Cheltenham features several sculptural artworks of note, including:

Neptune's Fountain
The mechanical clock in the Regent Shopping Arcade, designed by Kit Williams. The distance from the duck to the fish is 14 metres.
  • Neptune's Fountain in the Promenade, built in 1893 and designed by Joseph Hall[42]
  • The Hare and the Minotaur, also in the Promenade, created in 1995 by Sophie Ryder[43]
  • A life-size bronze of an Emperor Penguin by Nick Bibby and placed in the foyer of The Wilson art gallery and museum in 2015[44]
  • The Wishing Fish Clock in the Regent Shopping Arcade, unveiled in 1987 and designed by Kit Williams
Music

Cheltenham hosts the annual Cheltenham Music Festival, Cheltenham Jazz Festival and the Ukulele Festival of Great Britain.

In 2010, Cheltenham was named the UK's fifth "most musical" city (sic) by PRS for Music.[45]

Musicians Brian Jones, guitarist and founding member of the Rolling Stones, and Michael Burston, nicknamed 'Würzel' of Motörhead were both born in Cheltenham, with Jones buried in the town's crematorium following his death in 1969. [46]

History

The collection's of the Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum include decorative arts from the era of the Arts and Crafts Movement. The collection enjoys National Designation by the Arts Council of England.[47] The Holst Birthplace Museum contains personal belongings of the composer of The Planets, including his piano. It also includes a working Victorian kitchen and laundry, Regency drawing room and an Edwardian nursery.

The Cheltenham Civic Society has been responsible for erecting commemorative plaques in the town since 1982: blue plaques to celebrate well-known people and green plaques to celebrate significant places and events.

Festivals

Every year, Cheltenham Festivals organises music, jazz, literature and science festivals in the town, attracting names with national and international reputations in each field. Events take place at venues including the town hall, the Everyman Theatre, the Playhouse Theatre and the Pittville Pump Room.

Several other cultural festivals, including the Cheltenham International Film Festival, Cheltenham Paranormal Festival, the Cheltenham Design Festival, Cheltenham Folk Festival, Cheltenham Poetry Festival, The True Believers Comic Festival and Cheltenham Comedy Festival are separately organised but also attract international performers and speakers. A more local event, the Cheltenham Festival of the Performing Arts (formerly Cheltenham Competitive Festival) is a collection of more than 300 performance competitions that is the oldest of Cheltenham's arts festivals, having been started in 1926.

Greenbelt, a Christian arts and music festival, and Wychwood Festival, a family-friendly folk and world music festival, were held at Cheltenham Racecourse.[48] The town also hosts the multi-venue Walk the line festival.

Two sporting events are also routinely described as the "Cheltenham Festival" or "the Festival": the Cheltenham Cricket Festival, which features Gloucestershire County Cricket Club, and National Hunt racing's Cheltenham Festival.

In 2021 the Cheltenham 7s festival began and is held at the end of July each year at the Newlands Rugby club opposite the main GE Aviation (ex Smiths Industries site) works between Southam and Bishops Cleeve. It is a festival of 7s sport, which includes Netball, Rugby, Dodgeball and Hockey amongst others and incorporates drinking and musical acts over the weekend to compliment the sport.[49]

Film and television

Cheltenham has played host to and featured in a number of film and TV series:[50][51]

The Thistle Golden Valley Hotel was used by the ITV soap opera Crossroads for outdoor location filming from 1982 to 1985.[52]

The Everyman Theatre
Theatre

Cheltenham has four theatres: the Everyman, the Playhouse, the Bacon and the Parabola Arts Centre.

Demography

According to mid-2021 population figures published by the ONS, the population of Cheltenham stood at 118,866, making it the second largest settlement in Gloucestershire by population, after the city of Gloucester.[53]

Ethnicity and religion

According to the 2021 census, the population ethnicity breakdown is as follows:

  • White: 108,559 people or 91.4%
  • Asian: 4,922 people or 4.1%
  • Mixed: 2,949 people or 2.5%
  • Other: 1,225 people or 1.0%
  • Black: 1,181 people or 1.0%[53]

The population religious breakdown is as follows (2021 census):

  • Christian: 54,073 people or 45.5%
  • Buddhist: 559 people or 0.5%
  • Hindu: 1,192 people or 1.0%
  • Jewish: 198 people or 0.2%
  • Muslim: 1,744 people or 1.5%
  • Sikh: 181 people or 0.2%
  • Other: 60,889 people or 51.2%[53]

There are numerous Protestant and Catholic churches throughout the town, and a Hindu Temple and a Mosque can also be found in the northern area of the town near St Pauls.[54][55][56]

Crime and public safety

In 2013, Cheltenham was named one of the safest towns for university students to live in the UK by the Complete University Guide.[57]

Police

Gloucestershire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the town covering 14 neighbourhoods in the Cheltenham area.[58]

Education

Main article: List of schools in Cheltenham

The oldest school in Cheltenham is Pate's Grammar School (founded in 1574).[59] Cheltenham College (founded in 1841) was the first of the public schools of the Victorian period.[60] The school was the setting in 1968 for the classic Lindsay Anderson film if.....[61] It also hosts the annual Cheltenham Cricket Festival, first staged in 1872, and the oldest cricket festival in the world.[62]

The most famous school in the town, according to The Good Schools Guide, is Cheltenham Ladies' College (founded in 1853).[63][64] Dean Close School was founded in 1886 in memory of the Reverend Francis Close (1797–1882), a former rector of Cheltenham.[65] The town also includes several campuses of the University of Gloucestershire, two other independent and six other state secondary schools, plus institutions of further education.

Local media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals are received from the Ridge Hill TV transmitter. [66]

Cheltenham’s local radio stations are BBC Radio Gloucestershire on 104.7 FM, Greatest Hits Radio South West on 107.5 FM, Heart West on 102.4 FM and Cheltenham Radio which broadcast during the Cheltenham Festival.[67]

The town is served by the local newspaper: Gloucestershire Echo: [68]

Sport and leisure

The racecourse from Cleeve Hill

Cheltenham Racecourse, in the nearby village of Prestbury, is the home of National Hunt, or jumps, racing in the UK. Meetings are hosted from October to April. The highlight of the season is the Cheltenham Gold Cup, which is normally held in the middle of March, during the Cheltenham Festival.

The town's football teams are the professional team Cheltenham Town F.C., who play in the Football League One, and semi-professional sides Bishop's Cleeve, who play in the Hellenic League Premier, Cheltenham Saracens F.C. in the Hellenic League Division One and more recently Montpellier Football Club, founded in 2021 by Liam Bond and Sam Collier and currently boasting a senior first team, a development team and a newly founded women's team.

Amateur rugby union clubs include Cheltenham R.F.C., Cheltenham Saracens RFC, Cheltenham North R.F.C., Old Patesians R.F.C., Smiths Rugby and Cheltenham Civil Service R.F.C.

In rugby league, university side Gloucestershire All Golds were admitted into the semi-professional Championship 1. The Cheltenham Rugby Festival is a rugby league nines event held in May.

The town has one golf course, Lilley Brook, in Charlton Kings.

Cheltenham has one of the largest croquet clubs in the country, and is home to the headquarters of the national body of the sport, the Croquet Association. The East Glos tennis, squash and women's hockey club, which was founded in 1885, is also located in the town.

Sandford Parks Lido is one of the largest outdoor pools in England. There is a 50 m (164 ft) main pool, a children's pool and paddling pool, set in landscaped gardens. Sandford Parks Lido is the home of Cheltenham Swimming and Water Polo Club. In 2021, Cheltenham Borough Council gave Sandford Parks Lido a new 35-year lease to continue operating the lido.[69]

Cheltenham Festival

Main article: Cheltenham Festival

Cheltenham Festival is a significant National Hunt racing meeting,[70] and has race prize money second only to the Grand National. It is an event where many of the best British and Irish trained horses race against each other, the extent of which is relatively rare during the rest of the season.

The festival takes place annually in March at Cheltenham Racecourse. The meeting is often very popular with Irish visitors,[71] mostly because of that nation's affinity with horse racing, but also because it usually coincides with St. Patrick's Day, a national holiday in celebration of the patron saint of Ireland.

Large amounts of money are bet during festival week, with hundreds of millions of pounds being gambled over the four days.[72] Cheltenham is often noted for its atmosphere, most notably the "Cheltenham roar", which refers to the enormous amount of noise that the crowd generates as the starter raises the tape for the first race of the festival.

Transport

Railways

The entrance of Cheltenham Spa station

Cheltenham Spa railway station is a stop on the Bristol-Birmingham main line. It is located to the west of the Montpellier area of the town and is known locally as Lansdown.

The station is served by two train operating companies:

The Cheltenham Spa Express, once known as the Cheltenham Flyer, is a named passenger train connecting Cheltenham with London. The former Cheltenham Flyer was, for a time, the fastest passenger train in scheduled service in the world.[75]

At its peak, the town had eight railway stations,[76] only one of which survives. It is a matter of local controversy that trains are not run directly to London but instead via Gloucester; although routes do exist for a direct and therefore much faster service, as demonstrated during 2023 when a bridge closure in Oxfordshire led to some services to Hereford stopping at Cheltenham.[77]

Cheltenham Racecourse station platforms

The restored Cheltenham Racecourse railway station is the southern terminus of the heritage Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway. The Honeybourne Line is being extended northwards to Broadway, with an aspiration to extend the line southwards to Cheltenham Spa where the line originally branched off from the Bristol to Birmingham main line.

Roads

Cheltenham is adjacent to the M5 motorway, between Bristol and Birmingham. Junction 10 serves the north of the town, via the A4019; junction 11 links to the south, via the A40 which continues towards Oxford and London.

Buses and coaches

Stagecoach West operate the majority of bus services in Cheltenham, including routes to Gloucester and Tewkesbury.[78]

National Express operates a number of coach services from Cheltenham including route 444 to London and Heathrow Airport. Before becoming part of National Express, Cheltenham was a major hub for Black and White Coaches, with routes throughout the country, many of which formed a mass exodus through the town at 14:30 each day.

Tramroad

Cheltenham was a terminus of the Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad.

Churches

Main article: List of churches in Cheltenham

The first parish church is Cheltenham Minster, St Mary's, which is the only surviving medieval building in the town. As a result of expansion of the population, absorption of surrounding villages, and the efforts of both evangelical and Anglo-Catholic missions, the town has a large number of other parish churches,[79] including Trinity Church and All Saints', Pittville, where the composer Gustav Holst's father was the organist.

St Gregory's Roman Catholic church is an example of the work of the architect Charles Hansom.[80] The Gothic Revival building was built 1854–57, the porch was added in 1859, the tower and spire were completed in 1861 and the nave was extended to join the tower in 1877.[80] The church's stained glass is by Hardman & Co.[80]

Bell ringing

The town has three rings of bells hung for change ringing. One is located in St Mark's Church - a ring of 8 bells, with the heaviest being some 16cwt. These were originally a ring of 5 bells cast at John Taylor of Loughborough in 1885, extensively overhauled and augmented in 8 in 2007.[81] Another is at St. Christopher's (Warden Hill), the lightest ring of church bells in the world.[82] The other is a ring of 12 bells hung in St. Mary's Church (the Minster). These were the venue in 2008 for the eliminators of the National 12 Bell Striking contest, in which teams of campanologists from around the world compete to win the Taylor Trophy. In 2017 the old ring of 12 was completely replaced with new bells cast by John Taylor & Co. The tenor bell is just over a ton in weight, and the new ring also includes a thirteenth bell, a sharp 2nd, to provide a lighter 8. The towers in the locality of Cheltenham belong to the Cheltenham branch of the Gloucester & Bristol Diocesan Association of Church Bell Ringers.

Twin towns

A fingerpost in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania, highlighting Cheltenham as the "Official Twin." The signpost points to other cities in the world named "Cheltenham".
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in England

Cheltenham is twinned with:[83]

Twinning with Sochi, Russia was suspended in response to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[84]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Cheltenham

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cheltenham". City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Cheltenham History 5". The Wilson - Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum.
  3. ^ "Visit Cheltenham". visitcheltenham.com. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Welcome to Garden Events". Garden-events.com. 17 June 2012. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  5. ^ "Jazz, Science, Music & Literature". Cheltenham Festivals. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  6. ^ "Chedgrave – Cheltenham | A Topographical Dictionary of England (pp. 562–569)". British-history.ac.uk. 22 June 2003. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  7. ^ R Coates, English Place-Name Society Journal 16 (1983–84)
  8. ^ John Morris (ed.), Domesday Book, 15 Gloucestershire (1982) p162 ISBN 0850333210
  9. ^ a b Goding, John (1863). Norman's History of Cheltenham. London: Longman. pp. 124–25.
  10. ^ at Long Ashton, Somerset on 4 January; note in family bible
  11. ^ a b Hembry, Phyllis May (1900). The English Spa, 1560–1815: A Social History. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0838633915.
  12. ^ Lewis 1848.
  13. ^ "One of Cheltenham's finest – the Pittville Pump Room". Archived from the original on 15 December 2008.
  14. ^ Lewis, 1848.
  15. ^ For example, the Cheltenham Baths at Ossett#Spa, see History of Ossett Spa Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Cheltenham Tourist Information Guide". cotswolds.info.
  17. ^ "History". Cheltenham Festival. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Sports News – Sporting Chronicle: Cheltenham Festival Attendance Figures 2005". Sporting Chronicle. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  19. ^ "Cheltenham Racecourse". wikimedia.org. 17 June 2006.
  20. ^ "Thirlestaine Hall, Thirlestaine Road Concept Statement". Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  21. ^ "Distance between Cheltenham, UK and London, UK (UK)". distancecalculator.globefeed.com.
  22. ^ Hockin, Lynda. "Montpellier Gardens". www.cheltenham.gov.uk.
  23. ^ David Hanks. "A History of Charlton Park". Charltonparkcheltenham.org. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  24. ^ "Cheltenham Ancient Parish / Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  25. ^ "Cheltenham Borough Records". The National Archives. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  26. ^ "The Gloucestershire (District Boundaries) Order 1991". Opsi.gov.uk. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  27. ^ "History of GCHQ Cheltenham". GCHQ website 'About Us' pages. Archived from the original on 5 October 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
  28. ^ "Hot spell August 1990". Met Office. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  29. ^ "Cheltenham 1981–2010 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  30. ^ "Records of Cavendish House Co Ltd, Department store, Cheltenham". Archives Hub. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  31. ^ Jenkins, Robin (18 October 2018). "Eight amazing things about the opening of the John Lewis & Partners shop in Cheltenham". Gloucestershire Live. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  32. ^ a b "Cheltenham economic profile – The Cheltenham economy – Cheltenham Borough Council". Cheltenham.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  33. ^ "Labour Market Statistics, December 2010". Ons.gov.uk. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  34. ^ "Average salary falls 3pc in face of high inflation". The Daily Telegraph. London. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  35. ^ John Burn-Murdoch (13 September 2012). "UK multi-millionaires mapped: where do the wealthy live?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  36. ^ AA Illustrated Guide to Britain (1997), ISBN 0-393-31643-2
  37. ^ The Buildings of England, Nikolaus Pevsner, Penguin Books, 1951, p. 37
  38. ^ "Cheltenham Trust". www.cheltenhamtrust.org.uk.
  39. ^ "Cheltenham Trust". www.cheltenhamtrust.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  40. ^ Godding, Nicky (14 August 2015). "Julie Finch is back, and she means business". Great British Life.
  41. ^ "Banksy 'surprised' at listed status". 10 April 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  42. ^ "The Neptune Fountain". Visit Cheltemham. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  43. ^ "The Hare and the Minotaur". Visit Cheltenham. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  44. ^ "The Wilson Penguin".
  45. ^ Smith, Richard (13 March 2010). "Bristol named Britain's most musical city". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  46. ^ "Famous People From Cheltenham".
  47. ^ "Arts and Crafts Museum Cheltenham". www.artsandcraftsmuseum.org.uk.
  48. ^ Greenbelt moved away in 2014 due to redevelopment at the Racecourse; there is no commitment to return."Home - Greenbelt". Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2014. and emails to supporters, March 2014)
  49. ^ /https://cheltenham7sfestival.co.uk/
  50. ^ a b c d e f g "Cotswold Filming Locations used for Cinema & TV". Cotswolds.info. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g "Filmed in Cheltenham - visit cheltenham". 30 June 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.
  52. ^ Geake, Simon. "Crossroads". SimonGeake.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016. After the in-story destruction of the motel by fire, the revamped motel was filmed from 1982 at The Golden Valley Hotel in Cheltenham; from 1985 filming moved to the Penns Hall Hotel (now Ramada Jarvis Birmingham) in Sutton Coldfield, the changed appearance explained as being due to rebuilding.
  53. ^ a b c "Demographics of Cheltenham". varbes.com. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  54. ^ https://www.findachurch.co.uk/search/?address=Cheltenham
  55. ^ https://www.ishtadevata.com/temple/krishna-mandir-cheltenham-gloucestershire/
  56. ^ https://www.mosquedirectory.co.uk/mosques/england/gloucestershire/cheltenham/st-marks/Masjidul-Falah-Cheltenham-Gloucestershire/1077
  57. ^ "Cheltenham ranked one of safest student towns in UK". Gloucestershire Echo. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014.
  58. ^ "Cheltenham". www.gloucestershire.police.uk. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  59. ^ A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England and Wales. Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. 1818. p. 446.
  60. ^ "Cheltenham Education: Cheltenham College". Cheltenham4u.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  61. ^ "BFI Screenonline: Anderson, Lindsay (1923–1994) Biography". Screenonline.org.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  62. ^ "Cheltenham Events – Festivals: Cheltenham Cricket Festival". Cheltenham4u.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  63. ^ . Cheltenham Ladies' College – Welcome Archived 21 April 2013 at archive.today
  64. ^ The Good Schools Guide 2008. Lucas Publications. January 2008. ISBN 978-0-9552821-2-6.
  65. ^ "Cheltenham Education: Dean Close School". Cheltenham4u.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  66. ^ https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Ridge_Hill
  67. ^ https://www.thejockeyclub.co.uk/cheltenham-festival/plan-your-day/cheltenham-radio/
  68. ^ https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/media/2101604/gloucestershire-newspapers-october-2020.pdf
  69. ^ Winter, Bethany. "Cheltenham lido predicts wave of funding with new lease". Punchline Gloucestershire. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  70. ^ "Going is good for Cheltenham". BBC Sport. 17 March 1998. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  71. ^ "Cheltenham festival gets underway this afternoon". The Belfast Telegraph. 10 March 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  72. ^ "Cheltenham Festival 2015 in numbers: £150million in bets, 10,745 bottles of champagne and 250 chefs". Gloucestershire Echo. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015.
  73. ^ "Timetables". CrossCountry. 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  74. ^ "Train Times". Great Western Railway. 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  75. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df_N0gJhKI8
  76. ^ https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/news/history/forgotten-railway-stations-gloucestershire-7470012
  77. ^ https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/news/gloucester-news/cotswolds-rail-passengers-face-long-8369834
  78. ^ "Stops in Cheltenham". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  79. ^ "Cheltenham". Find a Church. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  80. ^ a b c Verey, David (1970). Gloucestershire: The Vale and the Forest of Dean. The Buildings of England. Vol. 2. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 128.
  81. ^ "St Mark's Church".
  82. ^ "St. Christopher's Church". Tciwh.org.uk. 13 July 2001. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  83. ^ "Our Twin Towns". Cheltenham Twinning Association. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  84. ^ "Statement from the Cheltenham Twinning Association on the situation in Ukraine". Cheltenham Twinning Association. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheltenham.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cheltenham.
Following the Cotswold Way
Towards
Bath		Towards
Chipping Campden
10 miles (16 km) to
Leckhampton, from White's Barn		8 miles (13.5 km) to
Winchcombe, from White's Barn
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheltenham&oldid=1193572646"