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Chicago Lawn, Chicago

Coordinates: 41°46.2′N 87°41.4′W / 41.7700°N 87.6900°W / 41.7700; -87.6900
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This article is about the neighborhood. For the public park, see Marquette Park (Chicago).
Chicago Lawn
Community area
Community Area 66 - Chicago Lawn
The 323-acre Marquette Park.
The 323-acre Marquette Park.
Location within the city of Chicago
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°46.2′N 87°41.4′W / 41.7700°N 87.6900°W / 41.7700; -87.6900
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
CountyCook
CityChicago
Neighborhoods
list
Area
 • Total3.49 sq mi (9.04 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total55,931
 • Density16,000/sq mi (6,200/km2)
Demographics (2020)[1]
 • White2.4%
 • Black39.7%
 • Hispanic55.4%
 • Asian0.5%
 • Other1.9%
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
parts of 60629 and 60636
Median income 2020[1]$36,278
Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services

Chicago Lawn is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the southwest side of the city. Its community neighbors include Gage Park, West Englewood, Ashburn, and West Lawn. It is bounded by Bell Avenue on the east, Central Park Avenue on the west, 59th Street on the north, and 75th Street on the south, and is 13 km (8.1 mi) southwest of the Loop. Local citizens refer to the area as "Marquette Park," after the park in its center.

History

John F. Eberhart, the father of Chicago Lawn

The city of Chicago Lawn was founded by John F. Eberhart in 1871. Although it was annexed by the city of Chicago in 1889, it remained mostly farmland with some scattered settlements until the 1920s. Between 1920 and 1930 the population increased from 14,000 to 47,000. Residents of German and Irish descent began to move into the area from the Back of the Yards and Englewood neighborhoods. Poles, Bohemians, and Lithuanians followed them. Most new residents belonged to various Protestant denominations, but Chicago Lawn also was home to many Roman Catholic churches and schools. Today, there are six Catholic institutions that make up the Marquette Park Catholic Campus Council. Chicago Lawn was a thriving urban neighborhood as the Depression hit the nation and by 1940 its population had reached 49,291. In 1941, the National Biscuit Company announced plans to build a huge bakery in Chicago Lawn. When completed, this was the largest bakery in one location in the world. The size of the facility was doubled in the late 1990s.

The Lithuanian community has maintained a notable presence in the area by establishing a network of institutions that earned their community the label as the Lithuanian Gold Coast. They formed some of the richest savings and loans in the city. The Lithuanian Sisters of Saint Casimir founded Holy Cross Hospital in 1928 and Maria High School in 1952 (originally established as St. Casimir Academy in 1911). The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church was established in 1927 on the corner of 69th Street and Washtenaw Avenue. It was founded as a Lithuanian national parish and services are still held in Lithuanian. An Art Deco monument was erected by Chicago's Lithuanian community in Marquette Park commemorating Lithuanian pilots Stasys Girėnas and Steponas Darius who died in the crash of the Lituanica in 1933.

Racial issues

Further information: Marquette Park rallies

Chicago's changing racial demographics had a profound impact on Chicago Lawn. In the 1960s many of the white Americans had fled Englewood & West Englewood and Chicago Lawn became a target for civil rights groups' open housing marches during the Civil Rights Movement. In 1966, as part of the Chicago Freedom Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. led a march into Marquette Park, where the marchers met a violent reaction. King himself was hit by a rock. Violence also erupted in the neighborhood when Gage Park High School attempted to integrate after Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The 1990 Census still showed non-Hispanic whites as the largest demographic group by race, comprising 43% of the population.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
193047,462—
194049,2913.9%
195050,2111.9%
196051,3472.3%
197048,508−5.5%
198046,568−4.0%
199051,24310.0%
200061,41219.8%
201055,628−9.4%
202055,9310.5%
[2]

However, over the next decade the racial composition of the neighborhood changed radically and by the 2000 Census African Americans had become the largest racial group comprising 53% of the population, with Hispanic and Non-Hispanic whites groups accounting for 35% and 10% respectively. There are also black Jewish and Palestinian communities in the neighborhood. Some Irish, Poles, and Lithuanians still remain too, although most have moved further south and west. Many of the Lithuanians and Poles have reestablished their communities in Lemont.

Arabs and Islamic community

By the 1920s Arabs immigrated to Chicago, and political turmoil in the decades following the 1948 creation of Israel brought more Palestinian Muslims to Chicago. Arab families live in Chicago Lawn and Gage Park Neighborhoods. Arab community founded Chicago Islamic Center and Mosque on 63rd. Many Middle Eastern store and restaurant near Mosque area. Arab families come from Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. In the 1950s, Palestinians with families moved out of their boardinghouses and shops and into apartments and homes just west of Chicago's "Black Belt." By the 1970s, they formed a concentrated residential community in Gage Park and Chicago Lawn, on the South Side, and had established a business district with stores catering to Arab clientele.

Chicago's largest concentration of Palestinians still lives in these areas and in the communities to the south and west of them. In the 1980s, many upwardly mobile Palestinian families moved to the southwest suburbs, bringing significant Palestinian and Arab populations to Bridgeview, Alsip, Oak Lawn, Hickory Hills, Palos Hills. Alsalm Mosque Foundation is small place to worship, Palestinians built new Mosque Foundation in 1982 in Bridgeview.

Arab Establishments in Chicago Lawn
Al-Anwar Grocery on West 63rd Street and Albany Avenue
Chicago Islamic Center on West 63rd Street, founded by Arab-Americans in 1950s
Middle Eastern Stores and Restaurants next to Alsalm Mosque Foundation on West 63rd Street

Education

Chicago Public Schools operates public schools in the neighborhood.[3]

The Chicago Public Library Chicago Lawn Branch, dedicated on December 1, 1960, serves the community.[7]

Politics

The Chicago Lawn community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections. In the 2016 presidential election, the Chicago Lawn cast 13,959 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 609 votes for Donald Trump (93.87% to 4.10%).[8] In the 2012 presidential election, Chicago Lawn cast 15,171 votes for Barack Obama and cast 682 votes for Mitt Romney (95.24% to 4.28%).[9]

Notable residents

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Community Data Snapshot - Chicago Lawn" (PDF). cmap.illinois.gov. MetroPulse. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  2. ^ Paral, Rob. "Chicago Community Areas Historical Data". Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  3. ^ "Chicago Lawn." City of Chicago. Retrieved on January 12, 2017. Compare this map to the CPS maps.
  4. ^ "South" (elementary school zones). Chicago Public Schools. July 19, 2013. Retrieved on January 11, 2017.
  5. ^ "West Central South" (high school zones). Chicago Public Schools. July 19, 2013. Retrieved on January 11, 2017.
  6. ^ "Far South" (High School Zone Map). Chicago Public Schools. February 8, 2013. Retrieved on January 11, 2017.
  7. ^ "Chicago Lawn Branch." Chicago Public Library. Retrieved on January 12, 2017.
  8. ^ Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2016). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election". DNAInfo. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  9. ^ Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2012). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election". DNAInfo. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  10. ^ "School of Art alum working in Hollywood will visit campus April 7 to talk movies, animation". NIU Today. Northern Illinois University. March 28, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  11. ^ Illinois Blue Book 1965-1966 page 240
  12. ^ a b Burke, Kelly (January 11, 2019). "House Resolution 0035 - 101st General Assembly". Springfield, Illinois: Illinois General Assembly.
  13. ^ "Con-Con Delegate Petitioners Listed". Chicago Tribune. July 8, 1969. p. b5 – via ProQuest.
  14. ^ Alex, Alex (April 16, 2000). "Alex Meneses" (Interview). Interviewed by Cheryl Lavin. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  15. ^ Bauer, Kelly (November 5, 2015). "Meet 4 'Legendary Locals' Featured in a Book About Chicago and West Lawn". DNAinfo. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  16. ^ Peña, Michael (September 21, 2012). "Michael Pena's adjusting to the view from up there" (Interview). Interviewed by Luis Gomez. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  17. ^ Kot, Greg (June 20, 2013). "John C. Reilly's love of roots music is no act". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved September 4, 2017.

Further reading

  • Kathleen J. Headley. Images of America: Chicago Lawn/Marquette Manor. Chicago: Tempus, Inc., 2001.
  • "Population change creates 'new' Chicago Lawn." New Communities Program. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur, 2003. Accessed 30 Sept. 2009.
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Chicago Lawn
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