World record progression 50 metres backstroke
Appearance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Graphic_data_for_World_Record_Progression_in_Men_and_Women_Swimming_50m-100m-200m.png/220px-Graphic_data_for_World_Record_Progression_in_Men_and_Women_Swimming_50m-100m-200m.png)
This is a listing of the history of the World Record for the 50 backstroke swimming event. Swimming World Records are maintained by FINA, the international sports federation which oversees the sport. World Records are recognized only in meter-courses: long course (50m) and short course (25m). Like the other 50s of stroke (i.e. 50 breaststroke, 50 butterfly), World Record status/monitoring for this event first began in the 1990s.
Men
Long course
# | Time | Name | Nationality | Date | Meet | Location | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WBT | 25.13 | Jeff Rouse | ![]() |
15 Apr 1993 | Robert Burns Invitational | Edinburgh, United Kingdom | ||
1 | 24.99 | tt | Lenny Krayzelburg | ![]() |
28 Aug 1999 | Pan Pacific Championships | Sydney, Australia | |
2 | 24.80 | Thomas Rupprath | ![]() |
27 Jul 2003 | World Championships | Barcelona, Spain | ||
3 | 24.47 | h, † | Liam Tancock | ![]() |
2 Apr 2008 | British Championships | Sheffield, United Kingdom | [1] |
4 | 24.33 | Randall Bal | ![]() |
5 Dec 2008 | Dutch Swimming Cup | Eindhoven, Netherlands | [2] | |
5 | 24.08 | sf | Liam Tancock | ![]() |
1 Aug 2009 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | |
6 | 24.04 | Liam Tancock | ![]() |
2 Aug 2009 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | ||
7 | 24.00 | Kliment Kolesnikov | ![]() |
4 Aug 2018 | European Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | [3] | |
8 | 23.93 | sf | Kliment Kolesnikov | ![]() |
17 May 2021 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | [4][5] |
9 | 23.80 | Kliment Kolesnikov | ![]() |
18 May 2021 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | ||
10 | 23.71 | Hunter Armstrong | ![]() |
28 April 2022 | USA International Team Trials | Greensboro, United States | [6] | |
11 | 23.55 | Kliment Kolesnikov | ![]() |
27 July 2023 | Russian National Swimming Cup Final | Kazan, Russia |
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial
Records not set in finals: h – heat;
Short course
# | Time | Name | Nationality | Date | Meet | Location | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25.10 | Daichi Suzuki | ![]() |
10 Feb 1990 | World Cup | Bonn, West Germany | [7] | |
# | 24.66 | Alexander Popov | ![]() |
13 Mar 1994 | World Cup | Desenzano, Italy | ||
2 | 24.60 | Franck Schott | ![]() |
26 Mar 1994 | World Cup | Paris, France | ||
3 | 24.37 | h | Jeff Rouse | ![]() |
12 Feb 1995 | World Cup | Sheffield, United Kingdom | |
4 | 24.25 | Chris Renaud | ![]() |
28 Feb 1997 | CIAU Championships | St. Catharines, Canada | ||
5 | 24.13 | Thomas Rupprath | ![]() |
11 Dec 1998 | European 25m Championships | Sheffield, United Kingdom | ||
5= | 24.13 | Matt Welsh | ![]() |
2 Sep 1999 | Australia 25m Nationals | Canberra, Australia | ||
6 | 24.12 | Neil Walker | ![]() |
18 Nov 1999 | World Cup | College Park, United States | ||
7 | 24.11 | Matt Welsh | ![]() |
14 Jan 2000 | World Cup | Hobart, Australia | ||
8 | 24.04 | h | Neil Walker | ![]() |
13 Mar 2000 | Short Course Worlds | Athens, Greece | |
9 | 23.42 | sf | Neil Walker | ![]() |
13 Mar 2000 | Short Course Worlds | Athens, Greece | |
10 | 23.31 | Matt Welsh | ![]() |
2 Sep 2002 | Australia 25m Nationals | Melbourne, Australia | ||
11 | 23.27 | Thomas Rupprath | ![]() |
10 Dec 2004 | European 25m Championships | Vienna, Austria | [8] | |
12 | 23.24 | Robert Hurley | ![]() |
26 Oct 2008 | World Cup | Sydney, Australia | [citation needed] | |
13 | 23.05 | Peter Marshall | ![]() |
12 Nov 2008 | World Cup | Stockholm, Sweden | [9] | |
14 | 22.87 | Randall Bal | ![]() |
15 Nov 2008 | World Cup | Berlin, Germany | [10] | |
15 | 22.75 | Peter Marshall | ![]() |
17 Oct 2009 | World Cup | Durban, South Africa | [11] | |
16 | 22.73 | Peter Marshall | ![]() |
11 Nov 2009 | World Cup | Stockholm, Sweden | [12] | |
17 | 22.61 | Peter Marshall | ![]() |
22 Nov 2009 | World Cup | Singapore | [13] | |
18 | 22.22 | Florent Manaudou | ![]() |
6 Dec 2014 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | [14] | |
19 | 22.11 | '#' | Kliment Kolesnikov | ![]() |
23 Nov 2022 | Solidarity Games | Kazan, Russia | [15] |
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial
Records not set in finals: h – heat;
Women
Long course
# | Time | Name | Nationality | Date | Meet | Location | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 29.00 | Sandra Völker | ![]() |
24 May 1997 | Mare Nostrum | Monte Carlo, Monaco | ||
2 | 28.78 | sf | Sandra Völker | ![]() |
12 Jun 1999 | Mare Nostrum | Monte Carlo, Monaco | |
3 | 28.71 | Sandra Völker | ![]() |
1 Aug 1999 | European Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | ||
4 | 28.69 | Nina Zhivanevskaya | ![]() |
8 Apr 2000 | Spain Spring Nationals | Madrid, Spain | ||
5 | 28.67 | Mai Nakamura | ![]() |
25 Apr 2000 | Japan Championships | Tokyo, Japan | ||
6 | 28.25 | h | Sandra Völker | ![]() |
17 Jun 2000 | Germany Championships | Berlin, Germany | |
7 | 28.19 | Janine Pietsch | ![]() |
25 May 2005 | Germany Championships | Berlin, Germany | ||
8 | 28.16 | sf | Leila Vaziri | ![]() |
28 Mar 2007 | World Championships | Melbourne, Australia | |
8 | 28.16 | = | Leila Vaziri | ![]() |
29 Mar 2007 | World Championships | Melbourne, Australia | |
9 | 28.09 | Li Yang | ![]() |
19 Oct 2007 | World Military Games | Hyderabad, India | ||
10 | 28.00 | r | Hayley McGregory | ![]() |
7 Mar 2008 | Texas Senior Circuit Championships | Austin, United States | |
11 | 27.95 | sf | Emily Seebohm | ![]() |
22 Mar 2008 | Australia Championships | Sydney, Australia | |
12 | 27.67 | Sophie Edington | ![]() |
23 Mar 2008 | Australia Championships | Sydney, Australia | [16] | |
12 | 27.67 | = | Zhao Jing | ![]() |
9 Apr 2009 | China Championships | Shaoxing, China | [17] |
13 | 27.61 | Daniela Samulski | ![]() |
26 Jun 2009 | Germany Championships | Berlin, Germany | [18] | |
14 | 27.39 | sf | Daniela Samulski | ![]() |
29 Jul 2009 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | |
15 | 27.38 | sf | Anastasia Zuyeva | ![]() |
29 Jul 2009 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | |
16 | 27.06 | Zhao Jing | ![]() |
30 Jul 2009 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | ||
17 | 26.98 | Liu Xiang | ![]() |
21 Aug 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | [19] | |
18 | 26.86 | Kaylee McKeown | ![]() |
20 October 2023 | World Cup | Budapest, Hungary | [20] |
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial
Records not set in finals: h – heat;
Short course
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial
Records not set in finals: h – heat;
All-time top 25
Men long course
- Correct as of February 2024[32]
Pos | Time | Swimmer | Date | Venue | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 23.55 | ![]() |
27 July 2023 | Kazan | [33] |
2 | 23.71 | ![]() |
28 April 2022 | Greensboro | [34] |
3 | 23.92 | ![]() |
28 April 2022 | Greensboro | [35] |
4 | 24.00 | ![]() |
28 April 2022 | Greensboro | [36] |
5 | 24.04 | ![]() |
2 August 2009 | Rome | |
6 | 24.07 | ![]() |
12 August 2010 | Budapest | |
7 | 24.12 | ![]() |
3 August 2018 | Glasgow | |
![]() |
17 February 2024 | Doha | [37] | ||
9 | 24.23 | ![]() |
11 April 2019 | Kazan | |
10 | 24.24 | ![]() |
2 August 2009 | Rome | |
![]() |
27 July 2018 | Irvine | |||
12 | 24.28 | ![]() |
19 April 2023 | Kazan | [38] |
13 | 24.29 | ![]() |
3 August 2018 | Glasgow | |
14 | 24.32 | ![]() |
3 August 2018 | Glasgow | |
15 | 24.33 | ![]() |
5 December 2008 | Eindhoven | |
16 | 24.34 | ![]() |
2 August 2009 | Rome | |
17 | 24.36 | ![]() |
15 August 2022 | Rome | [39] |
![]() |
13 April 2023 | Gqeberha | [40] | ||
19 | 24.38 | ![]() |
25 September 2023 | Hangzhou | [41] |
20 | 24.39 | ![]() |
21 June 2019 | Rome | |
21 | 24.40 | ![]() |
15 August 2022 | Rome | [39] |
22 | 24.43 | ![]() |
28 July 2019 | Gwangju | |
23 | 24.44 | ![]() |
24 April 2012 | Rio de Janeiro | |
![]() |
2 September 2022 | Lima | [42] | ||
26 February 2023 | Lublin | [43] | |||
18 February 2024 | Doha | [44] | |||
25 | 24.45 | ![]() |
3 August 2013 | Barcelona |
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 24.45:
- Kliment Kolesnikov also swam 23.80 (2021), 23.93 (2021), 24.00 (2018), 24.08 (2021), 24.12 (2023), 24.23 (2021), 24.25 (2018, 2021), 24.35 (2019), 24.40 (2018), 24.42 (2023).
- Hunter Armstrong also swam 24.01 (2022), 24.05 (2023), 24.14 (2022), 24.16 (2022, 2023), 24.20 (2023), 24.30 (2023), 24.33 (2024), 24.41 (2023), 24.43 (2024).
- Justin Ress also swam 24.05 (2022), 24.10 (2023), 24.12 (2022), 24.14 (2022), 24.18 (2023), 24.21 (2023), 24.24 (2022, 2023), 24.31 (2018), 24.35 (2023), 24.41 (2017).
- Liam Tancock also swam 24.08 (2009).
- Isaac Cooper also swam 24.13 (2024), 24.38 (2023), 24.44 (2022).
- Camille Lacourt also swam 24.23 (2015), 24.27 (2015), 24.30 (2017), 24.30 (2010), 24.35 (2017), 24.36 (2011), 24.37 (2014), 24.39 (2013), 24.42 (2013).
- Junya Koga also swam 24.28 (2014), 24.29 (2009), 24.36 (2015), 24.44 (2017).
- Vladimir Morozov also swam 24.35 (2018), 24.40 (2019), 24.43 (2018, 2019).
- Apostolos Christou also swam 24.39 (2022).
- Xu Jiayu also swam 24.41 (2023), 24.42 (2017).
- Robert Glință also swam 24.42 (2021).
- Michael Andrew also swam 24.45 (2019).
- Shaine Casas also swam 24.45 (2022).
- Pavel Samusenko also swam 24.45 (2022).
Men short course
- Correct as of December 2023[45]
Pos | Time | Swimmer | Date | Venue | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 22.11 | ![]() |
23 November 2022 | Kazan | [46] |
2 | 22.22 | ![]() |
6 December 2014 | Doha | [47] |
3 | 22.49 | ![]() |
28 December 2021 | Saint Petersburg | [48] |
4 | 22.52 | ![]() |
15 December 2022 | Melbourne | [49] |
5 | 22.53 | ![]() |
25 November 2021 | Eindhoven | [50] |
6 | 22.55 | ![]() |
26 October 2019 | Budapest | |
7 | 22.58 | ![]() |
14 December 2018 | Hangzhou | [51] |
8 | 22.61 | ![]() |
28 August 2021 | Naples | [52] |
![]() |
22 November 2009 | Singapore | |||
10 | 22.62 | ![]() |
3 November 2021 | Kazan | [53] |
11 | 22.65 | ![]() |
17 December 2022 | Melbourne | [54] |
12 | 22.70 | ![]() |
3 November 2018 | Hangzhou | |
13 | 22.72 | ![]() |
4 November 2022 | Indianapolis | [55] |
14 | 22.74 | ![]() |
15 December 2022 | Melbourne | [56] |
16 December 2022 | Melbourne | [57] | |||
![]() |
26 November 2010 | Netherlands | |||
![]() |
3 November 2021 | Kazan | [58] | ||
17 | 22.75 | ![]() |
17 December 2023 | Saint Petersburg | [59] |
18 | 22.76 | ![]() |
18 October 2020 | Budapest | |
![]() |
14 December 2018 | Hangzhou | [51] | ||
20 | 22.78 | ![]() |
17 December 2023 | Saint Petersburg | [60] |
21 | 22.81 | ![]() |
8 December 2016 | Windsor | |
22 | 22.82 | ![]() |
19 November 2017 | Singapore | |
23 | 22.84 | ![]() |
20 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [61] |
![]() |
16 December 2022 | Melbourne | [62] | ||
![]() |
6 December 2023 | Ostopeni | [63] |
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 22.84:
- Kliment Kolesnikov also swam 22.31 (2022), 22.42 (2023), 22.47 (2021), 22.57 (2021), 22.64 (2019), 22.75 (2019), 22.76 (2021), 22.77 (2018), 22.82 (2018), 22.83 (2017).
- Ryan Murphy also swam 22.54 (2020), 22.56 (2021), 22.61 (2022), 22.63 (2018, 2021), 22.64 (2022), 22.73 (2018), 22.74 (2022), 22.75 (2020), 22.76 (2020), 22.79 (2021), 22.80 (2020), 22.83 (2020).
- Evgeny Rylov also swam 22.59 (2021), 22.68 (2018), 22.76 (2020), 22.80 (2020).
- Guilherme Guido also swam 22.60 (2021, 2021), 22.68 (2018), 22.73 (2021), 22.75 (2018), 22.77 (2019), 22.79 (2018), 22.82 (2019).
- Michele Lamberti also swam 22.65 (2021), 22.79 (2021).
- Mark Nikolaev also swam 22.70 (2021).
- Jiayu Xu also swam 22.71 (2018).
- Peter Marshall also swam 22.73 (2009), 22.75 (2009).
- Isaac Cooper also swam 22.66 (2022), 22.73 (2022), 22.79 (2022).
- Stanislav Donets also swam 22.76 (2009), 22.79 (2009), 22.80 (2009).
- Coleman Stewart also swam 22.76 (2020), 22.84 (2020).
- Kacper Stokowski also swam 22.78 (2022).
- Lorenzo Mora also swam 22.81 (2022).
- Pavel Samusenko also swam 22.81 (2021).
- Shane Ryan also swam 22.82 (2021).
- Pavel Sankovich also swam 22.84 (2017).
- Christian Diener also swam 22.84 (2021).
Women long course
- Correct as of April 2024[64]
Pos | Time | Swimmer | Date | Venue | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 26.86 | ![]() |
20 October 2023 | Budapest | [65] |
2 | 26.98 | ![]() |
21 August 2018 | Jakarta | |
3 | 27.06 | ![]() |
30 July 2009 | Rome | |
4 | 27.10 | ![]() |
10 April 2021 | Eindhoven | |
![]() |
26 July 2023 | Fukuoka | [66] | ||
6 | 27.11 | ![]() |
6 August 2015 | Kazan | |
7 | 27.12 | ![]() |
28 April 2022 | Greensboro | [67] |
8 | 27.14 | ![]() |
27 July 2017 | Budapest | |
9 | 27.16 | ![]() |
18 April 2024 | Gold Coast | [68] |
10 | 27.18 | ![]() |
6 April 2022 | Victoria | [69] |
11 | 27.19 | ![]() |
18 May 2021 | Budapest | [70] |
12 | 27.20 | ![]() |
27 July 2023 | Fukuoka | [71] |
13 | 27.21 | ![]() |
4 August 2018 | Glasgow | |
14 | 27.23 | ![]() |
30 July 2009 | Rome | |
![]() |
27 July 2017 | Budapest | |||
![]() |
4 August 2018 | Glasgow | |||
17 | 27.27 | ![]() |
14 August 2022 | Rome | [72] |
18 | 27.28 | ![]() |
30 July 2009 | Rome | |
19 | 27.33 | ![]() |
25 July 2019 | Gwangju | |
28 April 2022 | Greensboro | [73] | |||
20 | 27.35 | ![]() |
25 September 2023 | Hangzhou | [74] |
21 | 27.37 | ![]() |
27 July 2017 | Budapest | |
![]() |
21 May 2023 | Monaco | [75] | ||
23 | 27.39 | ![]() |
13 August 2022 | Rome | [76] |
24 | 27.41 | ![]() |
25 September 2023 | Hangzhou | [77] |
25 | 27.42 | ![]() |
4 August 2018 | Glasgow |
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 27.42:
- Kaylee McKeown also swam 26.98 (2023), 27.02 (2023), 27.07 (2024), 27.08 (2023), 27.16 (2021), 27.24 (2023), 27.25 (2024), 27.26 (2023), 27.31 (2023), 27.32 (2024), 27.38 (2021), 27.41 (2021).
- Regan Smith also swam 27.11 (2023), 27.14 (2023), 27.25 (2023), 27.29 (2022), 27.31 (2023), 27.40 (2022).
- Katharine Berkoff also swam 27.13 (2023), 27.27 (2023), 27.38 (2023), 27.39 (2022), 27.40 (2022, 2023).
- Fu Yuanhui also swam 27.15 (2017), 27.16 (2018), 27.18 (2015), 27.19 (2017), 27.21 (2017), 27.22 (2013), 27.36 (2017), 27.39 (2013), 27.40 (2013).
- Kira Toussaint also swam 27.18 (2021), 27.22 (2021), 27.36 (2021), 27.37 (2020).
- Etiene Medeiros also swam 27.18 (2017), 27.26 (2015), 27.36 (2019), 27.37 (2014), 27.38 (2015), 27.41 (2015).
- Kylie Masse also swam 27.22 (2022), 27.23 (2024), 27.24 (2024), 27.26 (2022), 27.28 (2023), 27.31 (2022, 2022), 27.38 (2023), 27.41 (2023).
- Georgia Davies also swam 27.23 (2018).
- Analia Pigrée also swam 27.29 (2022), 27.40 (2022).
- Zhao Jing also swam 27.29 (2013).
- Kathleen Dawson also swam 27.29 (2021).
- Lauren Cox also swam 27.29 (2023).
- Anastasia Fesikova also swam 27.31 (2009, 2018), 27.37 (2018), 27.38 (2009).
- Liu Xiang also swam 27.35 (2019), 27.36 (2020), 27.40 (2018).
- Mollie O'Callaghan also swam 27.38 (2023), 27.42 (2023).
- Gao Chang also swam 27.38 (2009).
- Ingrid Wilm also swam 27.39 (2022), 27.41 (2023).
- Daniela Samulski also swam 27.39 (2009).
- Aliaksandra Herasimenia also swam 27.40 (2016).
Women short course
- Correct as of December 2023[78]
Pos | Time | Swimmer | Date | Venue | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25.25 | ![]() |
16 December 2022 | Melbourne | [79] |
2 | 25.49 | ![]() |
17 December 2022 | Melbourne | [80] |
3 | 25.54 | ![]() |
16 December 2022 | Melbourne | [81] |
4 | 25.60 | ![]() |
14 November 2020 | Budapest | |
18 December 2020 | Amsterdam | ||||
![]() |
24 November 2022 | Kazan | [82] | ||
6 | 25.62 | ![]() |
20 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [83] |
7 | 25.67 | ![]() |
4 December 2014 | Doha | |
8 | 25.70 | ![]() |
12 December 2009 | Istanbul | |
9 | 25.74 | ![]() |
16 October 2020 | Budapest | |
10 | 25.81 | ![]() |
26 October 2019 | Budapest | |
11 | 25.82 | ![]() |
10 November 2009 | Stockholm | |
12 | 25.83 | ![]() |
7 December 2014 | Doha | |
![]() |
19 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [84] | ||
14 | 25.85 | ![]() |
15 December 2022 | Melbourne | [85] |
15 | 25.88 | ![]() |
17 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [86] |
16 | 25.92 | ![]() |
27 February 2010 | Tokyo | |
17 | 25.95 | ![]() |
16 December 2017 | Denmark | |
18 | 25.96 | ![]() |
20 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [87] |
19 | 25.97 | ![]() |
19 December 2021 | Abu Dhabi | [88] |
20 | 25.98 | ![]() |
9 September 2021 | Naples | |
![]() |
10 November 2009 | Stockholm | |||
22 | 25.99 | ![]() |
15 December 2018 | Hangzhou | |
![]() |
26 October 2019 | Budapest | |||
24 | 26.00 | ![]() |
7 December 2019 | United Kingdom | |
![]() |
27 November 2020 | Brisbane |
Notes
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 26.00:
- Maggie MacNeil also swam 25.27 (2022), 25.64 (2022), 25.84 (2021), 25.92 (2021), 25.98 (2021).
- Kira Toussaint also swam 25.62 (2020), 25.64 (2020), 25.73 (2020), 25.75 (2019, 2020), 25.79 (2020, 2021), 25.81 (2021), 25.82 (2023), 25.83 (2020), 25.84 (2019), 25.89 (2021), 25.91 (2021), 25.96 (2020), 25.99 (2021).
- Claire Curzan also swam 25.60 (2022), 25.75 (2022).
- Mollie O'Callaghan also swam 25.61 (2022), 25.69 (2022), 25.99 (2022).
- Olivia Smoliga also swam 25.75 (2020), 25.83 (2020), 25.85 (2020), 25.88 (2018), 25.89 (2019, 2020), 25.93 (2020), 25.97 (2018).
- Kylie Masse also swam 25.81 (2022), 25.84 (2021, 2022), 25.92 (2021), 25.94 (2022), 25.96 (2021), 25.97 (2021, 2022).
- Etiene Medeiros also swam 25.82 (2016), 25.95 (2018), 25.99 (2014), 26.00 (2016).
- Louise Hansson also swam 25.86 (2021, 2022), 25.91 (2021), 25.99 (2022), 26.00 (2022).
- Emily Seebohm also swam 25.87 (2014).
- Zhao Jing also swam 25.95 (2012).
- Minna Atherton also swam 25.95 (2021), 25.99 (2019).
- Katinka Hosszú also swam 25.96 (2014), 25.99 (2016).
- Maaike de Waard also swam 25.99 (2021).
- Gao Chang also swam 26.00 (2010).
References
- (in Dutch) Zwemkroniek
- (in Italian) Agenda Diana
- ^ "Tancock Posts New World Record". British Swimming. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
- ^ "WR: Bal Clocks 24.33 50m Back In Eindhoven". SwimNews.com. 5 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ "Men's 50m Backstroke Final Results" (PDF). MicroPlus Timing. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 Aug 2018.
- ^ "Men's 50m Backstroke Semifinals Results" (PDF). microplustiming.com. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "Video. Men's 50m Backstroke Semifinal". JoshSwimz. 17 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ USA Swimming (28 April 2022). "Phillips 66 International Team Trials: Mens 50m Backstroke Final Results". Omega Timing. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Thomas Rupprath recorded 23.23 on December 1 2002 in Goslar Germany in medley relay, but time not ratified".
- ^ "Peter Marshall breaks world 50m backstroke record" (PDF). 12 November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2008-11-12.
- ^ "Randall Bal breaks world 50m backstroke record" (PDF). 15 November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
- ^ "Results Men's 50m Backstroke" (PDF). OmegaTiming.com. 17 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ "Results Men's 50m Backstroke" (PDF). OmegaTiming.com. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
- ^ "Results Men's 50m Backstroke" (PDF). OmegaTiming.com. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
- ^ "Men's 50m Backstroke Results". Omega Timing. 6 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ "Men's 50m Backstroke results" (PDF). Russia Swimming. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- ^ "Edington breaks 50m backstroke world record". The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
- ^ Craig Lord (9 April 2009). "WR: Zhao Equals Edington's 50m Back 27.67". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
- ^ "Samulski 'WR' Highlights Fast-Suits Farce". SwimNews.com. 26 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ "Women's 50m Backstroke Final Results". asiangames2018.id. 21 August 2018. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ "Video Women's 50m Backstroke Final". World Aquatics. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ a b (scm-w) Women's 50 Back results - prelims from the Shanghai meet of the 2001–02 World Cup (showing the World and Cup records that day: the results from Finals show Li as having set and holding the World record. Published by Omega Timing on 2001-12-02, retrieved 2012-03-27.
- ^ "Women's NCAA Championships – Day 2". www.swimnews.com. 18 March 2000. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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