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Star Wars Episode VI:
Return of the Jedi
Directed byRichard Marquand
Written byStory:
George Lucas
Screenplay:
George Lucas
Lawrence Kasdan
Produced byHoward G. Kazanjian
George Lucas
Rick McCallum (SE)
StarringMark Hamill
Harrison Ford
Carrie Fisher
Billy Dee Williams
Ian McDiarmid
CinematographyAlan Hume
Edited bySean Barton
Marcia Lucas
Duwayne Dunham
Music byJohn Williams
Distributed by20th Century Fox
Release dates
May 25, 1983 (USA)
Running time
134 min. (original)
135 min. (SE)
LanguageEnglish
Budget$32,500,000

Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi is a 1983 science fantasy film directed by Richard Marquand and written by George Lucas and Lawrence Kasdan. It is the third film released in the Star Wars saga, and the sixth in terms of internal chronology.

The film is set about one year after Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. Luke Skywalker and members of the Rebel Alliance travel to Tatooine to rescue their friend, Han Solo, from Jabba the Hutt. The Empire prepares to crush the Rebel Alliance with a more powerful Death Star, while the Rebel fleet launches a full-scale attack on the space station. Luke Skywalker confronts his father, Darth Vader, in a climactic duel before the evil Emperor Palpatine.

The film was released on May 25, 1983, and was released on VHS and LaserDisc in this form multiple times during the 1980s and 90s. The film was re-released with changes in 1997; this version was later released on VHS and Laserdisc as well. The special edition arrived on DVD in 2004, with further updates and changes to the 1997 versions. The original, unaltered version of the film was released as part of a DVD collection in September 2006.

Production

With The Empire Strikes Back, George Lucas fought and won his battle for his independence from Hollywood. Like Empire, Lucas funded Return of the Jedi with his own personal finances.[1] He also found that his independence also cost him a great deal. Having quit the Director's Guild of America during post-production of Empire, it was no longer possible for Lucas to hire his long-time friend Steven Spielberg as director.[1][2] David Lynch, with a Best Director nomination for the 1980 film The Elephant Man was approached by Lucas to helm Return of the Jedi, but he declined to instead direct Dune.[3] He eventually chose Welsh director Richard Marquand. Some reports have suggested that George Lucas was so heavily involved in the shooting of Return of the Jedi that he could be considered a second or a co-director. It is likely that he directed much of the second unit work personally as the shooting threatened to go over schedule and this is a function Lucas had willingly performed on previous occasions when he had only officially been producing a film. (i.e. Raiders of the Lost Ark, The Empire Strikes Back, More American Graffiti).[4][5] Lucas himself has only ever gone as far as admitting that he had often to be on the set due to Marquand's relative inexperience with special effects.[1] Although the working relationship between George Lucas and Marquand was said to be bad, Lucas has insisted that he and Marquand had a good working relationship and has gone as far to praise Marquand for being a very nice person who worked well with actors.[6] Marquand did note that Lucas kept a conspicuous presence on set, joking, "It is rather like trying to direct King Lear - with Shakespeare in the next room!"[7]

The screenplay was written by Lawrence Kasdan and Lucas (with uncredited contributions by David Webb Peoples and Marquand), based on Lucas' story. An issue that came about during pre-production was whether Harrison Ford would return for the final film. Unlike the stars of the previous two films, Ford had not signed on for two sequels. Ford's idea was to have Han Solo be killed through self-sacrifice. Kasdan concurred, saying it should happen near the beginning of the film to instill doubt as to whether the others would survive, but Lucas was vehemently against it and rejected the concept.[1] Lucas included the scene in which Yoda confirms that Darth Vader is Luke's father because, after a discussion with a children's psychologist, he did not want younger moviegoers to dismiss Vader's claim as a lie.[6] Many ideas of the original script were left out or changed. For instance, the Ewoks were going to be Wookiees,[8] the Millennium Falcon would be used in the arrival at the Forest moon of Endor instead of the Death Star attack, and Obi-Wan Kenobi would return from his existence in the Force to become a living human being again.[9]

A teaser poster entitled Revenge of the Jedi.

Filming began on January 11, 1982, lasting through May 20, 1982. Lucas was determined to keep the budget from skyrocketing the way it had done so on The Empire Strikes Back. The situation was not helped when many attempted to take advantage of the success of the franchise. To correct the issue, the working title of the project was changed to Blue Harvest and was known as "Horror Beyond Imagination" to engender no interest whatsoever in the film. This would disguise what the production crew was really filming from fans and the prying eyes of the press.[1] According to producer Howard G. Kazanjian, the fact that Lucasfilm is a non-union company made acquiring shooting locations more difficult and more expensive, even though A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back were big hits.[1] Filming began at Elstree Studios in England, occupying all nine stages, and began shooting a scene which was deleted from the finished film: in which the heroes are caught in a sandstorm as they leave Tatooine.[7] While attempting to film Luke Skywalker's battle with the Rancor beast, Lucas insisted upon creating the scene in the same result as Toho's Godzilla films by using a stunt performer inside a suit. The production team made several attempts, but were unable to create an adequate result. Lucas eventually relented and it was decided to film the Rancor as a high-speed puppet.[1] In April, the crew moved to the Yuma Desert in Arizona for Tatooine exteriors.[7] They then moved to the Red Wood Forests of Northern California near Crescent City to shoot the speeder chase near the middle of the film. Using a steadicam, the camera operator walked through a disguised path inside the forest shooting at 1fps. By moving 5mph and projecting the footage at 24fps, the motion seen in the film appeared as if it were moving at around 100mph.[1]

Return of the Jedi was filmed on a budget of $32,500,000. The film was originally titled Revenge of the Jedi. However, a few weeks before the film's premiere, Lucas changed the title, stating revenge could not be used because Jedi do not seek revenge.[1] The original teaser trailer for the film still carried this moniker.[10] The 2005 prequel trilogy film Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith would later allude to the dismissed title of Revenge of the Jedi.[11]

Plot

File:Return of the jedi 1.jpg
Luke, Han and Chewbacca on a transport headed for their execution.

The opening crawl reveals that the Galactic Empire has been working on the construction of a new armored space station which is to be even larger and more powerful than the first Death Star. Jedi knight Luke Skywalker, Chewbacca, Lando Calrissian, Princess Leia Organa, C3PO and R2-D2 return to Tatooine in an attempt to rescue Han Solo from the gangster Jabba the Hutt. Leia, disguised as a bounty hunter named Boussh, attempts to secretly free Solo from the carbonite, only to be discovered and captured by Jabba soon after. Several days later, Luke arrives to make one final plea, to Jabba to release Solo. Luke is also captured and is sent with Solo and the others to the Great Pit of Carkoon to be slowly consumed by the Sarlacc. With the help of R2-D2, Luke escapes and a large battle erupts, in which Jabba is killed by Leia by strangulation in the sail barge, and Boba Fett is knocked into the Sarlacc pit by Solo. Following this, Luke manages to destroy Jabba's sail barge by a deck cannon and everyone manages to escape before it explodes, killing all inside.

Luke returns to Dagobah to complete his Jedi training where he finds Yoda is ill and says no further training is required. He tells Luke that all that remains to be done is to confront his father, Darth Vader and then dies. A short time later, the spirit form of Obi-Wan Kenobi appears, and confirms that Vader was once Anakin Skywalker, a former Jedi who was turned to the dark side. It is also revealed that Leia is Luke's twin sister, hidden from Anakin and separated at birth to protect them both from the Emperor. At the rendezvous point, the Rebel Alliance devise an attack strategy. As part of the attack, Luke and his companions must deactivate the shield generator that protects the Death Star on the forest moon of Endor. On Endor, Luke and his companions encounter a tribe of Ewoks, primitive yet intelligent, indigenous forest creatures of Endor. With the help of C-3PO, they are able to forge an alliance with the forest creatures. Later, Luke decides that the time has come for him to face Vader. He confesses to Leia the truth about her and Vader, and that he has to try to save the man who was once his father. He surrenders peacefully to Vader, and unsuccessfully tries to convince his father to abandon the dark side. They go to the Death Star and meet the Emperor, who reveals that the Rebel Alliance is walking into a preprepared trap. On the forest moon, the Rebels enter the shield generator control facility, only to be taken prisoner by waiting Imperial forces. Once they are led out of the bunker, however, the Ewoks then spring a surprise attack. A desperate battle begins with the Rebels and Ewoks against the Empire.

File:Return of the jedi 4.jpg
Darth Vader and Luke duel aboard the second Death Star.

During the strike team's assault, the Rebel fleet emerges from hyperspace for the battle over Endor, only to discover that the shield of the Death Star is still functioning. An intense battle takes place as the Rebel fleet battles to give the surface party more time to complete their mission of deactivating the Death Star's shield. During the battle, the Death Star is revealed to be operational; its superlaser is fired at the Rebel fleet and obliterates a Rebel star cruiser. Meanwhile, on the Death Star, the Emperor tempts Luke to give in to his anger. A ferocious lightsaber duel erupts between Luke and his father. In the midst of combat, Vader reads Luke's feelings and learns that Luke has a twin sister. When Vader toys with the notion of turning Leia to the dark side, Luke gives in to his anger and gains the upper hand in the battle, cutting off Vader's right robotic hand in a rage. However, despite the Emperor's goading, Luke refuses to kill his father, realizing that he is traveling down his father's path towards the dark side and declares himself a Jedi. Realizing that Luke cannot be turned, the Emperor uses Force lightning against him to kill him. Deeply affected by the sight of his son dying before him, Anakin Skywalker repents and turns on the Emperor by throwing him down a reactor shaft to his death. At the same time, however, the Emperor's Force lightning causes fatal injuries to Anakin and short-circuits his breathing system. Knowing that there is no hope for his own survival, Anakin asks Luke to take his mask off. Luke removes the helmet, revealing the pale and scarred face of his father. Anakin says that Luke was right about him, and asks Luke to tell his sister so. With those final words, Anakin dies.

Once the Endor strike team, led by Leia and Solo, finally destroys the shield generator, the Rebel fleet seizes the opportunity to launch a final assault on the Death Star. Lando leads Wedge Antilles and his fighter group into the bowels of the Death Star and they fire at the main reactor, causing its collapse. Luke, with the body and armor of Anakin, escapes the Death Star in an Imperial shuttle. Moments later, Wedge in his X-Wing and Lando in the Millennium Falcon emerge from the Death Star as well, just as the Death Star explodes. Back on Endor, Leia reassures Han Solo of her love and explains that Luke is actually her brother. That evening, Luke cremates the remains of his father in a funeral pyre on Endor. The entire galaxy celebrates the fall of the Emperor and the Rebel victory over the Empire. Back on Endor, Luke, Leia, Han, Lando, and the rest of the rebellion, along with the Ewoks, celebrate the victory as well. During the celebration, Luke catches sight of the spirit figures of Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda and the redeemed Anakin Skywalker, who stare proudly back at him.

Releases

Return of the Jedi was released on May 25, 1983, on the same day as the release of 1977's A New Hope. With a massive worldwide marketing campaign, Star Wars series artist Drew Struzan created the iconic and distinctive images for the movie posters and other advertising. At the time of its release, the film was advertised by simply its subtitle, despite its episode distinction. This was evident on release posters and merchandise. The film was re-released to theaters in 1985, and in 1997 for the Special Edition.

Special Edition

In 1997, for the 20th Anniversary of the release of the first Star Wars film, George Lucas released The Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition. Along with the two other films in the original trilogy, Return of the Jedi was re-released on March 14, 1997 with a number of changes and additions, which included the insertion of several alien band members in Jabba's throne room and the replacement of music at the closing scene. However, compared to the amount of changes in A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back, this has the fewest changes because, according to Lucas, the film is more emotionally driven than the others.[6] The changes have caused controversy among the fans as some believe that they detract from the films.[12]

DVD release

Return of the Jedi was released on DVD in September 21, 2004. It was added with A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back, along with a bonus disc in a boxed set. It was digitally restored and remastered, with additional changes made by George Lucas, detailed in List of changes in Star Wars re-releases. The bonus disc included, according to the official site, "all-new bonus features, including the most comprehensive feature-length documentary ever produced on the Star Wars saga, and never-before-seen footage from the making of all three films." The DVD also featured English subtitles, Dolby Digital 5.1 EX surround sound, and commentaries by George Lucas, Ben Burtt, Dennis Muren, and Carrie Fisher. For the bonus disk, there were documentaries including Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy and several featurettes including The Legendary Creatures of Star Wars, The Birth of the Lightsaber, The Legacy of Star Wars. Also included were teasers, trailers, TV spots, still galleries, and several video game demos.

With the release of Revenge of the Sith, which depicts how and why Anakin Skywalker turned to the dark side of the Force, George Lucas once again altered Return of the Jedi to strengthen the relationship between the original trilogy and the prequel trilogy. The original and Special Edition versions of Return of the Jedi featured British theatre actor Sebastian Shaw playing both the dying Anakin Skywalker and his ghost. In the DVD release, Shaw's portrayal of Anakin's ghost is replaced by Hayden Christensen, Anakin's portrayer in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith. The change drew further fan criticism directed toward George Lucas.[12] The set was re-issued in December 2005 as part of a three-disc "limited edition" boxed set that did not feature the bonus disc.

All three films in the original Star Wars trilogy have since been released, individually, on DVD, each compiled with its original theatrical release cut as well as the 2004 DVD special edition. These versions were only available from September 12 2006 to December 31 2006. Although the 2004 versions in these sets each feature an audio commentary, no other special features were included to commemorate the original cuts.

Reaction

Although a critical and commercial hit, Return of the Jedi is considered by many critics and fans to be the weakest film of the original trilogy.[13][14][15] Some indication of public opinion can be gleaned by its relatively modest ranking in the Internet Movie Database's Top 250 films list; as of June 2007, it ranked #110, as compared to A New Hope at #12 and The Empire Strikes Back at #8.[16] On the other hand, this is still far higher than any of the films of the prequel trilogy; as of June 2007, The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith fail to make the list at all. And at Rotten Tomatoes, Return of the Jedi's 80% approval rating is only surpassed by one film of the prequel trilogy, Revenge of the Sith with 82%.[13]

Contemporary critics were largely complimentary. In 1983, movie critic Roger Ebert gave the film a four-star rating,[17] and James Kendrick of Q Network Film Desk described Return of the Jedi as "a magnificent experience".[18] The film was also featured on the May 23, 1983 TIME magazine cover issue (where it was labeled "Star Wars III"),[19] with the reviewer Gerald Clarke saying that while it was not as exciting as the first Star Wars film, it was "better and more satisfying" than The Empire Strikes Back, now considered by many as the best of the original trilogy.[20] The film grossed $US 475 million worldwide.[21]

At the 56th Academy Awards in 1984, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston, and Phil Tippett received the "Special Achievement Award for Visual Effects". Norman Reynolds, Fred Hole, James L. Schoppe, and Michael Ford were nominated for "Best Art Direction/Set Decoration". Ben Burtt received a nomination for "Best Sound Effects Editing". John Williams received the nomination for "Best Music, Original Score". Ben Burtt, Gary Summers, Randy Thom, and Tony Dawe all received the nominations for "Best Sound". At the 1984 BAFTA Awards, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Ken Ralston and Kit West won for "Best Special Visual Effects". Phil Tippett and Stuart Freeborn were also nominated for "Best Makeup". Norman Reynolds received a nomination for "Best Production Design/Art Direction". Ben Burtt, Tony Dawe and Gary Summers also received nominations for "Best Sound". John Williams was also nominated "Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special". The film also won for "Best Dramatic Presentation" at the 1984 Hugo Awards.[22]

While the action set pieces — particularly the speeder bike chase on the Endor moon, the space battle between Rebel and Imperial pilots, and Luke Skywalker's duel against Darth Vader — are well-regarded, the ground battle between the Ewoks and the Stormtroopers remains a bone of contention.[23] Fans are also divided on the likelihood of Ewoks (being an extremely primitive race of small creatures) defeating an armed ground force comprised of the Empire's "best troops". Lucas has defended the scenario saying it draws a parallel to the Vietnam War in which a much more primitively armed force also proved victorious.[6]

Cast

File:Returnjedicast.JPG
From left to right: Han Solo (Harrison Ford), C-3PO (Anthony Daniels), Princess Leia (Carrie Fisher), Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill), R2-D2 (Kenny Baker), and Chewbacca (Peter Mayhew).
  • Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker. A Jedi Knight in his own belief, Luke has, in the year since his encounter with Vader at Cloud City, been searching for his lost friend, Han Solo.
  • Harrison Ford as Han Solo. Frozen in carbonite by Darth Vader at Bespin, Han Solo is freed by Princess Leia, only to be sentenced to death by Jabba the Hutt.
  • David Prowse as Darth Vader. Lord Vader has been relentlessly continuing his search for Skywalker, but he is set off course when the Emperor sends him to Endor, to oversee the construction of the new Death Star, and to be prepared for the Rebel strike from Sullust. James Earl Jones provided the voice.
  • Billy Dee Williams as Lando Calrissian. After Cloud City was taken over by the Galactic Empire, Calrissian joined the Rebel Alliance, and aided Luke in his search for Han Solo.
  • Ian McDiarmid as Emperor Palpatine. Palpatine, ruler of the Galactic Empire, has been pleased by the success of the Imperial offensive, and the plight of the Rebel Alliance. He now plans to destroy the Alliance with the new Death Star and turn Luke Skywalker to the dark side of the Force.
  • Frank Oz as Yoda. After 900 years of training Jedi, Yoda finally prepares to resign, and become one with the Force.
  • Denis Lawson as Wedge Antilles. Wedge is now the leader of Rogue Squadron, and he prepares to aid General Calrissian in the fighter attack on the Death Star. This is the only film in the original trilogy in which Denis Lawson's name is spelled correctly in the ending credits. In the other films, his name is misspelled "Dennis".
  • Kenneth Colley as Admiral Piett. Piett, being one of the few officers under Vader's command to survive his wrath, commands the Imperial Fleet at Endor, from H.I.M.S. Executor but meets his end when his ship is destroyed.
  • Sebastian Shaw as Anakin Skywalker. Anakin is the repressed "goodness" in Darth Vader. Sebastian Shaw was replaced by Hayden Christensen in the 2004 DVD release of the film (although Shaw remains in the film as the unmasked Vader and in the credits as Anakin Skywalker).
  • Jeremy Bulloch as Boba Fett. Fett, after capturing and delivering Han Solo to Jabba the Hutt, stays on at the crime lord's palace, purely out of interest.

Kenny Baker was originally cast as the Ewok Wicket, but got replaced by 11-year-old Warwick Davis after falling ill with food poisoning in the morning of the shoot. Davis had no previous acting experience and was only cast after his grandmother had discovered an open call for short people for the new Star Wars film.[1]

Soundtrack

Main article: Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)

John Williams composed and conducted the film's musical score with performances by the London Symphony Orchestra. In 1983, the RCA label released the film's original soundtrack on 8-track format in the United States.[24] Sony Classical acquired the rights to the classic trilogy scores in 2004 after gaining the rights to release the second trilogy soundtracks (The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones). In the same year, Sony Classical re-pressed the 1997 RCA Victor release of Return of the Jedi along with the other two films in the trilogy. The set was released with the new artwork mirroring the first DVD release of the film. Despite the Sony digital re-mastering, which minimally improved the sound heard only on high-end stereos, this 2004 release is essentially the same as the 1997 RCA Victor release.[25]

Marketing

Novelization

Main article: Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (novel)

The novelization of Return of the Jedi was written by James Kahn and was released on May 12, 1983, thirteen days before the film's release.[26] It contains many scenes that were deleted from the final cut, but certain assertions have been superseded by the prequel trilogy. For example, Kahn writes that Owen Lars is the brother of Obi-Wan Kenobi while in Episode II he is shown to be the stepbrother of Anakin Skywalker. Also, here the Force ghost of Obi-Wan reveals that he was able to hide Luke and Leia from Anakin because he did not know that his wife was pregnant when he "left", presumably when he became Vader. In Episode III, Anakin does know about Padmé's pregnancy, but one may infer that Vader will believe the baby (not twins) to be dead, along with his wife. Also in the novelization is that, Obi-Wan took Padmé and baby Leia to Alderaan after the birth of the twins. Han Solo makes reference to Luke Skywalker's initial impression of the Millennium Falcon, calling it "the fastest hunk of junk in the fleet." — a minor difference from the film, where Solo refers to it simply as "the fastest ship in the fleet."

Another facet of the story which was made more clear in the novel was the confusion which overtook the Imperial forces upon the death of Palpatine, who ceased to be the guiding will animating the Empire. It also further supports the events depicted in all post-Return of the Jedi fiction.

Radio drama

Main article: Star Wars (radio)

A radio drama adaptation of the film was written by Brian Daley with additional material contributed by John Whitman and was produced for and broadcast on National Public Radio in 1996. It was based on characters and situations created by George Lucas, and on the screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas. The first two Star Wars movies were adapted for National Public Radio in the early 1980s, but it was not until 1996 that a radio version of Return of the Jedi was heard. Anthony Daniels returned as C-3PO, but Mark Hamill and Billy Dee Williams did not reprise their roles, as they had for the first two radio dramas. John Lithgow voiced Yoda, whose voice actor in the films has always been Frank Oz. Ed Asner also guest-starred speaking only in grunts as the voice of Jabba the Hutt. It had a running time of three hours.[27] In terms of Star Wars canon, the radio drama is given the highest designation, G-canon.[28][29]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy Star Wars Trilogy Box Set DVD documentary, [2004]
  2. ^ "George Lucas Biography". Net Glimpse. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
  3. ^ "David Lynch: Weird at Heart". Belfast Telegraph. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
  4. ^ "George Lucas". Solar Navigator. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
  5. ^ Skywalking: The Life and Films of George Lucas by Dale Pollock; Da Capo; Updated edition [January 1, 2001]
  6. ^ a b c d Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi DVD commentary featuring George Lucas, Ben Burtt, Dennis Muren and Carrie Fisher, [2004] Cite error: The named reference "DVDcom" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c Marcus Hearn (2005). "Cliffhanging". The Cinema of George Lucas. New York City: Harry N. Abrams Inc. pp. 140–1. ISBN 0-8109-4968-7.
  8. ^ Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary featuring George Lucas, Rick McCallum, Rob Coleman, John Knoll and Roger Guyett, [2005]
  9. ^ George Lucas (June 12, 1981). "Star Wars - Episode VI: "Revenge of the Jedi" Revised Rough Draft". Starkiller. Retrieved 2007-02-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Revenge of the Jedi Trailer from Star Wars Trilogy Box Set DVD Bonus Disc, [2004]
  11. ^ "Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2007-03-05.
  12. ^ a b "Star Wars: The Changes". dvdactive. Retrieved March 6. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b "Return of the Jedi". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  14. ^ "User Comments". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-03-15.
  15. ^ "The Star Wars Trilogy". DVD Verdict Review. Retrieved 2007-03-15.
  16. ^ "IMDb's Top 250 Movies of All Time". Retrieved 2007-05-27.
  17. ^ Ebert, Roger (May 25, 1983). "Return of the Jedi". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 2007-03-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  18. ^ James Kendrick Review of "Return"
  19. ^ "Star Wars III: Return of the Jedi". TIME Magazine. May 23, 1983. Retrieved 2007-03-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  20. ^ Clarke, Gerald (1983). "Great Galloping Galaxies". TIME magazine. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  21. ^ "Return of the Jedi". boxofficemojo.com. 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
  22. ^ "Awards for Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  23. ^ "The best -- and worst -- movie battle scenes". CNN. 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2007-04-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Star Wars, Return of the Jedi, Music from John Williams' Score". Star Wars Collectors Archive. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  25. ^ "Star Wars / The Empire Strikes Back / Return of the Jedi (Original Soundtracks – 2004 reissue)". Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  26. ^ "Star Wars, Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (Mass Market Paperback)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
  27. ^ "Return of the Jedi Produced by NPR". HighBridge Audio. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
  28. ^ "Keeper of the Holocron". Star Wars: Blogs. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
  29. ^ "Star Wars Canon". Canon Wars. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
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