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Santa Cruz, California

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City of Santa Cruz, California
City
Nickname: 
Surf City (contested)
Location in Santa Cruz County and the state of California
Location in Santa Cruz County and the state of California
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountySanta Cruz
Government
 • MayorRyan Coonerty
Area
 • Total15.6 sq mi (40.4 km2)
 • Land12.5 sq mi (32.5 km2)
 • Water3.1 sq mi (8.0 km2)
Elevation
36 ft (11 m)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total54,593
 • Density4,356.0/sq mi (1,682.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP codes
95060-95067
Area code831
FIPS code06-69112
GNIS feature ID1659596
Websitehttp://www.ci.santa-cruz.ca.us/

Santa Cruz is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California, United States.

As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Santa Cruz had a total population of 54,593. It is located on the northern edge of the Monterey Bay, about 72 mi (115 km) south of San Francisco and is considered the overlapping portion of Northern California with Central California.

History

Mission and Pueblo Period

In 1769 the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà arrived in the land area which is now known as the City of Santa Cruz. When he came upon the river, he named it San Lorenzo in honor of Saint Lawrence. He called the rolling hills above the river, Santa Cruz, which means holy cross.

Twenty-two years later, on August 28 1791, Father Fermín Lasuén established the Mission Santa Cruz, also known as La Misión de la Exaltación de la Santa Cruz, the twelfth mission to be founded in California.

On April 1796, by order of the Viceroy of New Spain Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca y Branciforte, marqués de Branciforte, Captain Pere d'Alberní, and his First Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia, a 72-men irregular unit serving the Spanish Crown, were moved to California to take care of the Spanish military garrisons of Monterrey, Santa Bárbara, San Diego and San Francisco.

Across the San Lorenzo River, in what is now known as the East Side of Santa Cruz, Alberní founded a town called Villa Branciforte (Spanish for Branciforte Village), in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain. Villa Branciforte later merged with the Mission Santa Cruz community across the river, and together they formed what is today known as Santa Cruz.[1]

By the 1820s Mexico had assumed control of the area and within the next twenty years, Americans began to arrive in great numbers. California became a state in 1850, and Santa Cruz County was created in 1850 as one of the twenty-seven original counties.

California Statehood

File:SCLOGO.gif
City of Santa Cruz Logo

By the turn of the century logging, lime processing, agriculture, and commercial fishing industries prospered in the area. Due to its mild climate and scenic beauty Santa Cruz also became a prominent resort community.

Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 as a town under the laws of the State of California and received its first charter as a city in 1876. At that time the city was governed by a Mayor and Common Council consisting of four members.

In 1907, the citizens voted for a new charter designating a Mayor as chief executive and a City Council consisting of seven members. Subsequent charters gave a Mayor and four Commissioners both executive and administrative powers. At that time the city was divided into five departments: Public Affairs, Revenue and Finance, Public Health and Safety, Public Works, and Streets and Parks.

In 1948, the City of Santa Cruz adopted a new City Charter. This charter established a Council-Manager form of government, with a Mayor and six Councilmembers setting policy for the city and a city manager serving as the chief administrator of those policies. The Charter, with amendments, is still in existence today.

On October 17, 1989, the city suffered major damage from the Loma Prieta earthquake, which was centered on Loma Prieta, the highest point in the nearby Santa Cruz Mountains. Many of the historic buildings in the downtown business district were damaged or destroyed; reconstruction of the district has continued in recent years, and some of the original buildings can be seen in Clint Eastwood's "Dirty Harry" movie Sudden Impact.

Historic social activism

As a center of liberal and progressive activism, Santa Cruz became one of the first cities in California to test the state's medical marijuana laws in court after the arrest of several medical marijuana proponents by the DEA.[2] The case was ruled in favor of the growers. In 2005, the Santa Cruz City Council established a "city government office" to assist residents with obtaining medical marijuana. In 2006, Measure K was passed by voters, making marijuana enforcement "lowest priority" for law enforcement.

In 2003, the Santa Cruz City Council became the first City Council in America to officially "denounce the Iraq War."

Santa Cruz has an active community of independent media makers as demonstrated by the Santa Cruz Independent Media Center and many other do-it-yourself media projects. A pirate radio station, Free Radio Santa Cruz (FRSC 101.1 FM), has been in operation in Santa Cruz for a decade, operating with active participation from a cross section of Santa Cruz residents. Incendio is a bi-lingual journal to connect English- and Spanish-speaking anarchists throughout the world to anarchist, indigenous, ecological, and social struggles occurring throughout Latin America. Santa Cruz also has an active independent media outlet.

The Diversity Center is a non-profit organization organized in 1989 as the Santa Cruz Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Community Center, Inc. and has served as Santa Cruz County's primary LGBT service agency ever since. The name "The Diversity Center" was adopted in the fall of 1999. The Diversity Center maintains a drop-in space, lending library, and numerous social and support groups. Since 1990, the Diversity Center has been the producer of the Santa Cruz LGBT Pride March and Rally, an annual event that draws thousands of people to downtown Santa Cruz each June. Before 1990, Santa Cruz LGBT Pride, which began in 1975, was produced by the Freedom Foundation.

Founded in 1976, The Resource Center for Nonviolence is one the oldest and most centrally located non-profit organizations committed to political and social activism in Santa Cruz County.[3] The center is "dedicated to promoting the principles of nonviolent social change and enhancing the quality of life and human dignity".[4]

Santa Cruz has an activist Veteran community.[5] The United Veterans Council sponsors a community-based program for Veterans dealing with re-entry into society as an alternative to government remedies.[6] The Bill Motto VFW post #5888 sponsors anti-war and peace efforts in Santa Cruz and throughout the country. The Veterans Memorial Building is host to punk, reggae, and hip-Hop acts from Santa Cruz and around the world. It is also the home of the Bill Motto Post sponsored Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners. These dinners were started by post #5888 in the late seventies. In 2006, the Thanksgiving dinner served 1,400 people.[7]

Other non-profit organizations have been developed to address various issues in the community, such as The Santa Cruz AIDS Project, Barrios Unidos, and The Homeless Garden Project.

Demographics

Santa Cruz
Population by year [8]
Year Pop.
1860 950
1870 2,561
1880 3,898
1890 5,596
1900 5,659
1910 11,146
1920 10,917
1930 14,395
1940 16,896
1950 21,970
1960 25,596
1970 32,076
1980 41,483
1990 49,040
2000 54,593

Recorded from the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 54,593 people total with 20,442 households and 10,404 families residing in the city. The population density includes 1,682.2/km² (4,356.0/sq mi). There were 21,504 housing units at an average density of 1,715.8/sq mi (662.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.74% White, 1.73% African American, 0.86% Native American, 4.90% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 9.14% from other races, and 4.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.39% of the population.

There were 20,442 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.1% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city the population was spread out with 17.3% under the age of 18, 20.5% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males age 18 and over.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,605, and the median income for a family was $62,231. Males had a median income of $44,751 versus $32,699 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,758. About 6.6% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education

K through 12

Elementary schools

Santa Cruz City Schools Elementary District is made up of elementary schools where a complete K through 5th grade program is offered.

  • Bay View Elementary
  • Gateway School (private)
  • DeLaveaga Elementary
  • Gault Elementary
  • Westlake Elementary
  • Monarch Elementary (alternative)
  • Happy Valley Elementary
  • LIve Oak Elementary
  • Green Acres Elementary
  • Del Mar Elementary

Junior high and middle schools

  • Branciforte Middle School
  • Mission Hill Middle School
  • Georgiana Bruce Kirby Preparatory School (private)
  • Pacific Collegiate School (charter)
  • Shoreline Middle School

High schools

  • Santa Cruz High School
  • Cypress Charter High School
  • Soquel High School
  • Harbor High School
  • Costanoa High School
  • Georgiana Bruce Kirby Preparatory School (private)
  • Pacific Collegiate School (charter)
  • Empire Academy (private)
  • The Ark (alternative)
  • Delta Charter High School (charter)

Colleges & universities

UC Santa Cruz

Main article: University of California, Santa Cruz
View of Santa Cruz and the Monterey Bay from UCSC

UCSC was built starting in the 1960s with a residential college system based on the British system, (see University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, or University of York). To date, there are ten colleges, each with a different theme and architectural framework. The UCSC campus sits among a redwood forest and overlooks Monterey Bay. Originally, UCSC did not use letter grades in evaluating student academic performance and had no organized sports teams, although both of these have now changed, students are faced with the same choices as most other UC campuses. There are also a number of NCAA division III sports programs, including tennis, water polo, swimming, diving, basketball, rugby, and soccer. The university mascot, the banana slug, was established by students on an informal basis, and recognizes an indigenous creature that can be found throughout the campus. The campus administration attempted to assign the sea lion as the mascot in the early 1980s. However, after a 1986 student referendum voted overwhelmingly in favor of the slug, the then-Chancellor declared the slug the official UCSC mascot.

Cabrillo College

Main article: Cabrillo College

Cabrillo College, named after the explorer Juan Cabrillo, is a community college in Aptos, California. It is one of 109 public community colleges in the state of California. The college opened in 1959. Although the campus is not within city limits, it is the primary community college that supports the greater Santa Cruz area.

Parks & Recreation

View of Surfer statue near the ocean in Santa Cruz

Parks

State Parks & Beaches

Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park

Lighthouse Field State Beach

Natural Bridges State Beach

New Brighton State beach

Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park

Twin Lakes State Beach

Seabright State Beach

Wilder Ranch State Park

Greenbelt Districts

Arana Gulch Agnes Street

Arroyo Seco Canyon Meder Street

Bethany Curve Greenbelt From Delaware Avenue to West Cliff Drive

Lighthouse Field 701 West Cliff Drive

Loch Lomond Park 100 Loch Lomond Way, Felton CA

Moore Creek End of Meder Street/Highway 1 at Shaffer Road

Neary Lagoon 110 California Street

Pogonip 333 Golf Club Drive

Regional Parks

Harvey West Park 326 Evergreen Street

DeLaveaga Park 850 Branciforte Avenue

Depot Park 119 Center Street

Neighborhood Parks

Beach Flats Park 122 Raymond Street

Central Park 301 Dakota Street

Derby Park 508 Woodland Way

Frederick Street Park 168 Frederick Street

Garfield Park 634 Almar Avenue

Grant Park 150 Grant Street

John Franks Park Marnell Street

Laurel Park 301 Center Street

Lighthouse Neighborhood Park Lighthouse Avenue

Mike Fox Park San Lorenzo Blvd. & Third Street

Mission Plaza 103 Emmet Street

Moore Creek Overlook Cypress Street

Ocean View Park 102 Ocean View Avenue

Round Tree Park 305 Nobel

San Lorenzo Park 137 Dakota Street

Star of the Sea Frederick Street & Darwin Street

Trescony Trescony Street

Tyrrell Park Pilkington Avenue & East Cliff

University Terrace Meder Street

Westlake Park Bradley Dr & Spring Street

Recreation

Roof of the Carousel Building at the Boardwalk
A surfer

Santa Cruz is well-known for watersports such as sailing, diving, swimming, paddling, and surfing. It is the home of O'Neill Wetsuits and Santa Cruz Surfboards, as well as Santa Cruz Skateboards and Santa Cruz Bicycles. Santa Cruz also houses Derby skate park, the first public skate park in the USA as well as the brand new Mike Fox skatepark. The Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk is California’s oldest amusement park and a designated State Historic Landmark. Home to two National Historic Landmarks, a 1911 Charles I. D. Looff Carousel and 1924 Giant Dipper roller coaster, the Boardwalk has been owned and operated by the Santa Cruz Seaside Company since 1915.

Santa Cruz is the reputed site of the first surfing in California in 1885, when three Hawaiian princes, Prince Edward, Prince David and Prince Jonah Kalaniana’ole, surfed on locally milled redwood boards at the mouth of the San Lorenzo River. Santa Cruz has 11 world-class surf breaks, including the point breaks over rock bottoms near Steamer Lane and Pleasure Point, which create some of the best surfing waves in the world. Home to the Santa Cruz Surfing Museum at Steamer Lane, which continues to be staffed by docents such as Harry Mayo and others from the Santa Cruz Surfing Club who have surfed Santa Cruz waves since the 1930s, Santa Cruz hosts several surf contests drawing international participants each year, including the O'Neill Cold Water Classic, the International Longboard Association contest, and many others. Was home to the Miss California Pageant, state finals to Miss America for six decades.

File:Sunset in santa cruz.jpg
Sun sets on the wharf and the city skyline

The Santa Cruz Wharf is known for fishing, viewing marine mammals and other recreation.

Many outdoor sports are popular in the area such as skateboarding, cycling, camping, hiking, and rock climbing.

In addition to its reputation in surfing and skateboarding, which now has the first full pipe in Northern California, Santa Cruz is known for other alternative sports such as disc golf. The Santa Cruz Skatepark is open to the public 7 days a week and is free. The De Laveaga Disc Golf Course hosts PDGA tournaments, including the annual Masters Cup. De Laveaga was the disc golf and discathon venue for the WFDF-sanctioned World Disc Games overall event held in Santa Cruz in July 2005.

The Ken Wormhoudt Skate Park (formerly Mike Fox Park) is a 15,000 square foot park featuring a full pipe, two bowls with pool coping and tile, practice bowl and street course with steps, hubba ledges, wall-rides and metal rails. It is located at 225 San Lorenzo Boulevard at Riverside Avenue along the San Lorenzo River levee. The park opened in March 2007. It is open from 9 a.m. to sunset daily. All skaters must wear a helmet, elbow pads, and knee pads and have skateboards and in-line skates with composite wheels only. Bicycles, scooters, and metal skate wheels are not allowed in the skate park. The skate park will be closed during rainy or wet conditions.[9]

Santa Cruz provides many opportunities for birding (see bird list) and butterfly watching.

Many residents consider downtown Pacific Garden Mall to be the heart of Santa Cruz culture with its historic buildings, locally-owned businesses, and street performers. Representing an aspect of the "Keep Santa Cruz weird"[10] contingent is Robert Steffen, a gentleman who walks slowly down Pacific Avenue dressed in pink women's clothing and makeup, including a parasol, thereby attaining the moniker "Slow Robert" and "The Pink Umbrella Man".[11][12][13]

Cultural attractions

  • Shakespeare Santa Cruz holds an annual summer festival at UC Santa Cruz. The festival typically performs two Shakespeare plays and one other play every summer, many of which are performed in a unique outdoor space among the redwoods.

Santa Cruz Architecture

A walk down Walnut Avenue past the Sorbet Santa will show any passer-by the unique architecture of the Victorian period in Santa Cruz.

Notable Santa Cruzans

Notable Santa Cruz bands:

See also: *WikiSCUM, a Wikicity for Santa Cruz Underground Music

Grew up in Santa Cruz:

Lived in Santa Cruz

Economy

The principal industries of Santa Cruz are agriculture, tourism, education (UCSC) and high technology. Santa Cruz is a center of the organic agriculture movement, and many specialty products as well as housing the headquarters of California Certified Organic Farmers. Tourist attractions include the classic Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk on the beach, the redwood forests, and Monterey Bay, which is protected as a marine sanctuary. The best known local high-tech companies are The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) (now Tarantella, Inc.), RF Micro Devices, and Plantronics. Giro bicycle helmets, O'Neil's Surf Shop, The Santa Cruz Guitar Company, Kestrel Bicycles, the Good Earth Tea and Erik's Deli Cafe are also headquartered in Santa Cruz. Odwalla Juices was also founded in Santa Cruz.

From 1970 to present, Santa Cruz has been the home to numerous boatbuilding companies, including Moore Brothers, Bill Lee Yachts, Wilderness Boats, Alsberg Bros. Boats, C&B Boats, and Pacific Yachts. A common theme amongst these builders was the influence of lightweight surfboard construction using foam and fiberglass, and the result was the creation of the ULDB (ultralight displacement boat). Classes such as the Santa Cruz 27 and 52, Moore 24, Olson 30, Wilderness 21, Monterey Bay 30, and custom boats like Merlin showed that exciting, fast, and seaworthy boats could be made out of materials far lighter than was common in that time. While many of these builders have closed, Santa Cruz Yachts and Moore Bros. still exist.

Transportation

Highways 1 and 17 are the main roads in and out of Santa Cruz. Geographically constrained between the Santa Cruz Mountains and the Monterey Bay, the narrow transportation corridor served by Highway 1 suffers congestion. A highway widening project [1]is underway. The interchange from Highway 1 Northbound to Highway 17 Southbound, onto Ocean Street, is commonly known as the "fish hook" due to its tightening curve.

The Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District provides bus service throughout Santa Cruz County. Metro also operates bus service between Santa Cruz (city) and San Jose, thanks to a partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and Amtrak California; connections are possible in San Jose. (Complete transit itineraries between Santa Cruz and San Francisco Bay Area cities and major airports are available from iridethebus.org; see External Links, below.) Greyhound Lines bus service is another option for visiting Santa Cruz.

No. 7 Sonora Class C Shay
Big Trees Railroad

The nearest airports for commercial travel are San Jose International Airport, Monterey Peninsula Airport, San Francisco International Airport, and Oakland International Airport.

Santa Cruz has an extensive network of bike lanes and bike paths. Most major roads have bike lanes, and wide, luxurious bike lanes were recently installed on Beach Street, near the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. Additionally, there are levee bike paths along the San Lorenzo River. A Rail Trail -- a bicycle and pedestrian path beside an existing coastal train track -- is under consideration.[15]

The Santa Cruz, Big Trees and Pacific Railway operates diesel-electric tourist trains between the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk and Roaring Camp in Felton, through Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park. Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow-Gauge Railroad operates two narrow-gauge trains, taking visitors through the redwoods to the mountain top year-round. These 3-cylinder, gear-driven, Shay steam locomotives draw many enthusiasts to Santa Cruz.

Points of interest

  • City Hall
    City Hall
  • Victorian home in downtown
    Victorian home in downtown
  • Surfer near the lighthouse on West Cliff Drive
    Surfer near the lighthouse on West Cliff Drive
  • View of sailboats on the Bay from Long Marine Lab.
    View of sailboats on the Bay from Long Marine Lab.
  • Front Street downtown
    Front Street downtown
  • Corner of Pacific Avenue, downtown
    Corner of Pacific Avenue, downtown
  • Victorian townhouses, downtown
    Victorian townhouses, downtown
  • Sunset at Seabright Beach, looking towards the wharf/boardwalk.
    Sunset at Seabright Beach, looking towards the wharf/boardwalk.
  • The Clocktower Downtown Santa Cruz
    The Clocktower Downtown Santa Cruz
  • Sea Lion preening under the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf.
    Sea Lion preening under the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf.
  • Natural rock bridge of West Cliff Drive (now collapsed)
    Natural rock bridge of West Cliff Drive (now collapsed)
  • View of Natural Bridges State Beach and West Cliff Drive.
    View of Natural Bridges State Beach and West Cliff Drive.

Points of conflict

  • After Huntington Beach, CA trademarked the Surf City USA® name, Santa Cruz politicians tried to stop the mark from being registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office because of 10-year-old controversy over Santa Cruz's nickname "Surf City."[16] Huntington Beach has obtained a total of seven registrations for the Surf City USA® trademark. [17] Importantly, however, none of these registrations of the trademark are on the principal register, but on the secondary register, which means that Huntington Beach has no exclusive right to assert ownership over the Surf City trademark. Indeed, trademark scholar and law professor Tyler Ochoa has called Huntington Beach's assertion of ownership over the "Surf City" mark "weak, dubious, and probably unenforceable." [18] Two Santa Cruz surf shops, Shoreline Surf Shop and Noland's on the Wharf, have sued the city of Huntington Beach in order to protect the public use of the term "Surf City." [19]

Media

Television

The Monterey/Salinas metro area is served by a variety of local television stations, and is the 124th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 222,900 homes:

The Monterey/Salinas area lost its American Broadcasting Company broadcast affiliate in 2000, when KNTV was purchased, and then became the NBC station for the San Francisco Oakland San Jose metropolitan area. KNTV, now known as NBC11, later moved its tower from Loma Prieta Peak to San Bruno Mountain, ceasing its coverage in Monterey. At that time, ABC reached an agreement with Comcast Cable to provide a slightly-customized feed of San Francisco ABC O&O KGO-TV for the Monterey area, branded simply as ABC 7 and occasionally referred to by the mock call letters AABC.

Radio

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santa Cruz, California.

Magazines

Sister cities

Santa Cruz has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

A monument next to the downtown Santa Cruz post office has a small circular plaza surrounded by marble posts topped with bronze maps of each of the sister cities.

The sister city relationship with Alushta was established in the waning days of the Soviet Union before the fall of Communism and was controversial at the time.

General information

Government

Template:Mapit-US-cityscale

Visitor information

Music history

References

  1. ^ Sources: Catalans al Canadà, a study from the Fundació d'Estudis Històrics de Catalunya which contains a biography of Pere d'Alberní and Complete biography of Pere d'Alberní from the Casal Català de Vancouver (Vancouver Catalan Centre). Both documents explain this fact.
  2. ^ "Federal Suit Charges DEA's Raids Of California Medi-Pot Patients Are Unconstitutional, NORML". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  3. ^ "Santa Cruz Sentinel online edition". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  4. ^ "Resource Center for Nonviolence homepage". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  5. ^ ""The Good Fight", Good Times Santa Cruz". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  6. ^ "Santa Cruz Community Veterans Program". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  7. ^ "Thousands converge on Santa Cruz Veterans Hall for meals". Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  8. ^ Santa Cruz Public Libraries. "Population Statistics for Santa Cruz County and Cities, 1850-2000". Retrieved 2006-11-22. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 56 (help)
  9. ^ Wormhoudt Skate Park
  10. ^ Nüz of the Weird
  11. ^ "Contra Costa Times" Oct 26, 2006 "Growing pains for Santa Cruz"
  12. ^ "Los Angeles Times" Oct 17, 2006 "Which Way, Santa Cruz?" (copied onto University of Houston website)
  13. ^ "Metro Santa Cruz" Sep 28, 2005 "Santa Cruz: The Makeover"
  14. ^ "Fame suits local model". www.santacruzsentinel.com. 2002-03-02. Retrieved 2007-03-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Santa Cruz County Regional Transportation Commission, January, 2007, "Santa Cruz Coastal Trail Network Fact Sheet"
  16. ^ http://www.surfermag.com/features/onlineexclusives/srfcitystndup/ Surfermag.com
  17. ^ http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2006/May/14/local/stories/02local.htm Santacruzsentinel.com
  18. ^ http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2006/October/01/edit/stories/06edit.htm Santacruzcentinel.com
  19. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/13/AR2006101300116.html Washingtonpost.com
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