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Sandy Bridge

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Sandy Bridge is the codename for a microarchitecture developed by Intel beginning in 2005 for central processing units in computers to replace the Nehalem microarchitecture. It was designed for the full range of applications from mobile devices, laptop and desktop computers, to large enterprise servers. Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products in January 2011 based on the architecture.[1][2]

Originally, implementations targeted a 32 nanometer manufacturing process based on planar double-gate transistors. Subsequent products, codenamed Ivy Bridge, use a 22 nanometer process. The Ivy Bridge die shrink, known in the Intel Tick-Tock model as the "tick", is based on 3D tri-gate transistors. Intel demonstrated Ivy Bridge processors in 2011.[3]

Technology

Developed primarily in Israel, the codename was originally "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" in Hebrew). The name was changed to avoid being associated with the defunct Gesher political party,[4] the decision was lead by Ron Friedman, vice president of Intel managing the group at the time.[1] Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor with A1 stepping at 2 GHz during the Intel Developer Forum in September 2009.[5]

Some features of the technology include:

Ivy Bridge

Ivy Bridge is the codename for the 22 nm die shrink of Sandy Bridge planned for retail sale in 2012. Ivy Bridge processors will be backwards-compatible with the Sandy Bridge platform, but require a BIOS and firmware update.[6][7] Intel also plans a new 7-series Panther Point chipset with Ivy Bridge that will come with integrated USB 3.0.[8]

Due to having no significant obstacles during the new 3D gate development, Intel planned to begin sale of the processors in the last quarter of 2011,[9] with retail availability from March 2012.[10] Intel announced production of Ivy Bridge chips in volume, in preparation for the product launch, starting in the third quarter of 2011.[11][12]

Thermal design power (TDP), according to a October 2011 leaked Intel roadmap, will come in 77/65/55/45/35W options for desktop processors,[13] while Intel says that mobile processors will use variable TDP (for example normal at 15W TDP, which automatically rises to 35W TDP when the laptop is plugged into a docking bay; with a corresponding rise in performance).[14]

Ivy Bridge feature improvements from Sandy Bridge were expected to include:[15]

Performance

Sandy Bridge

  • Up to 17% more CPU performance clock-for-clock compared to Lynnfield processors.[21]
  • Around twice the integrated graphics performance compared to Clarkdale's (12 EUs comparison).

Ivy Bridge

Intel's performance targets (compared to Sandy Bridge):[22]

  • 20% increase in CPU performance.
  • Up to 60% increase in integrated graphics performance.[23]

CPU Specification Comparison

Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge
Socket Cores Transistor count Die size Socket Cores Transistor count Die size
LGA 1155 4 995 Million[24] 216 mm2 LGA1155 4 1.4 Billion[25] ~172 mm2[26]
2 (6 EUs) 504 Million 131 mm2
2 (12 EUs) 624 Million 149 mm2
LGA 2011 4^/6^/8 2.27 Billion[27] 435 mm2

^ Octa-core with cores disabled for yield purposes.[28]

List of Sandy Bridge processors

1 Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set in bold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics or no graphics core (Graphics Clock rate indicated by N/A).

Desktop platform

[29][30][31]

Target
segment 		Logo Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Supported
Memory 		Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
Extreme /
High-End 		File:Intel i7 EE SB 2011.png LGA
2011 		6 (12) Core i7
Extreme 		3960X 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz — 15 MB 130 W 6.4 GT/s QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600[32] 		2011-11-14[33] $990
Core i7 3930K 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB $555
File:Intel i7 SB 2011.png 4 (8) 3820 3.6 GHz 3.9 GHz 10 MB 4.8 GT/s QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Q1 2012[34] $294
Performance LGA
1155 		2700K 3.5 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 8 MB 95 W DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0 		Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		2011-10-24 $332
2600K 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 2011-1-9 $317
2600 $294
2600S 2.8 GHz 65 W $306
File:Intel i5 SB 2011.png 4 (4) Core i5 2500K 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 1100 MHz 6 MB 95 W $216
2500 $205
2500S 2.7 GHz 65 W $216
2500T 2.3 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W
2400 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 95 W $184
2405S 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 65 W 2011-5-22 $205
2400S 2011-1-9 $195
2320 3.0 GHz 95 W 2011-9-4 $177
2310 2.9 GHz 3.2 GHz 2011-5-22
2300 2.8 GHz 3.1 GHz 2011-1-9
Mainstream 2 (4) 2390T 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 650 MHz 3 MB 35 W 2011-2-20 $195
File:Intel i3 SB 2011.png Core i3 2130 3.4 GHz — 850 MHz 65 W 2011-9-4 $138
2125 3.3 GHz $134
2120 2011-2-20 $138
2120T 2.6 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2011-9-4 $127
2105 3.1 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-5-22 $134
2102 Q2 2011
2100 2011-2-20 $117
2100T 2.5 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $127
2 (2) Pentium G860 3.0 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-9-4 $86
G850 2.9 GHz 2011-5-24
G840 2.8 GHz $75
G632 2.7 GHz Q3 2011
G630 2011-9-4 $75
G622 2.6 GHz Q2 2011
G620 2011-5-24 $64
G630T 2.3 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2011-9-4 $70
G620T 2.2 GHz 2011-5-24
File:Intel Celeron 2009.png Celeron G540 2.5 GHz 850 MHz 1000 MHz 2 MB 65 W 2011-9-4 $52
G530 2.4 GHz $42
G530T 2.0 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $47
1 (1) G440 1.6 GHz 1 MB $37

Suffixes to denote:

  • K - Unlocked, the CPU ratio can be set up to 54
  • S - Performance-optimized lifestyle (TDP reduced to 65W)
  • T - Power-optimized lifestyle (TDP reduced to 35W)
  • X - Extreme performance, the CPU ratio is freed of limitations

Server platform

Target
Segment 		Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		Interface Supported
Memory 		TDP Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
4P Server LGA
2011 		8 (16)
6 (12)
4 (4/8)
2 (2/4) 		Xeon E5 46xx — 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q1 2012
2P Server 8 (16) 2687W 3.1 GHz 20 MB 4x DDR3-1600 150 W Q1 2012 $1885
2690 2.9 GHz 135 W $2057
2680 2.7 GHz 130 W $1723
2670 2.6 GHz 115 W $1552
2665 2.4 GHz $1440
2660 2.2 GHz 95 W $1329
2650 2.0 GHz $1106
2650L 1.8 GHz 70 W $1106
6 (12) 2667 2.9 GHz 15 MB 130 W $1552
2640 2.5 GHz 4x DDR3-1333 95 W $884
2630 2.3 GHz $612
2620 2.0 GHz $406
2630L 2.0 GHz 60 W $662
4 (8) 2643 3.3 GHz 10 MB 4x DDR3-1600 130 W $884
4 (4) 2609 2.4 GHz 4x DDR3-1066 80 W $294
2603 1.8 GHz $202
2 (4) 2637 3.0 GHz  5 MB 4x DDR3-1600 $884
LGA
1356 		8 (16)
6 (12)
4 (4/8)
2 (2/4) 		24xx 1× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to triple
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q1 2012
1P Server LGA
2011 		6 (12) 1660 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 15 MB 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0 		Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1333 		130 W Q4 2011 $1080
1650 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB $583
4 (8) 1620 3.6 GHz 3.9 GHz 10 MB $294
LGA
1155 		4 (8) Xeon E3 1290 4.0 GHz 8 MB DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0 		Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		95 W 2011-5-29 $885
1280 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz 2011-3-15 $612
1275 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz $339
1270 — 80 W $328
1260L 2.4 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W $294
1245 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $262
1240 — 80 W $250
1235 3.2 GHz 3.6 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $240
1230 — 80 W $215
4 (4) 1225 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 6 MB 95 W $194
1220 — 8 MB 80 W $189
2 (4) 1220L 2.2 GHz 3 MB 20 W

Mobile platform

  • Core i5-2515E and Core i7-2715QE processors have support for ECC memory and PCI express port bifurcation.
  • All mobile processors, except Celeron and Pentium, use Intel's Graphics sub-system HD 3000 (12 EUs).
Target
Segment 		Cores /
Threads 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo
(1C/2C/4C) 		Standard Turbo
Extreme 4 (8) Core i7
Extreme 		2960XM 2.7 GHz 3.7/3.6/3.4 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 8 MB 55 W *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1600 MHz
PCIe 2.0 		2011-9-4 $1096
2920XM 2.5 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 2011-1-5
Performance Core i7 2860QM 2.5 GHz 3.6/3.5/3.3 GHz 45 W 2011-9-4 $568
2820QM 2.3 GHz 3.4/3.3/3.1 GHz 2011-1-5
2760QM 2.4 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 6 MB 2011-9-4 $378
2720QM 2.2 GHz 3.3/3.2/3.0 GHz 2011-1-5
2715QE 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.9/2.7 GHz 1200 MHz OEM
2710QE
2675QM 2.2 GHz 3.1/3.0/2.8 GHz 1200 MHz *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1333 MHz
PCIe 2.0 		2011-10-2
2670QM 1100MHz
2635QM 2.0 GHz 2.9/2.8/2.6 GHz 1200 MHz 2011-1-5
2630QM 1100 MHz
Mainstream 2 (4) 2640M 2.8 GHz 3.5/3.3 GHz 1300 MHz 4 MB 35 W 2011-9-4 $346
2620M 2.7 GHz 3.4/3.2 GHz 2011-2-20
2649M 2.3 GHz 3.2/2.9 GHz 500 MHz 1100 MHz 25 W
2629M 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz $311
2655LE 2.2 GHz 2.9/2.7 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz OEM
2677M 1.8 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 350 MHz 1200 MHz 17 W 2011-6-20 $317
2637M 1.7 GHz 2.8/2.5 GHz $289
2657M 1.6 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-2-20 $317
2617M 1.5 GHz 2.6/2.3 GHz 950 MHz $289
2610UE 2.4/2.1 GHz 850 MHz OEM
Core i5 2557M 1.7 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1200 MHz 3 MB 2011-6-20 $250
2537M 1.4 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 900 MHz 2011-2-20
2467M 1.6 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 1150 MHz 2011-6-19 OEM
2540M 2.6 GHz 3.3/3.1 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 35 W 2011-6-20 $266
2520M 2.5 GHz 3.2/3.0 GHz $225
2515E 3.1/2.8 GHz 1100 MHz OEM
2510E
2435M 2.4 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz 1300MHz 2011-10-2
2430M 1200 MHz
2410M 2.3 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 2011-6-20
Core i3 2350M — 1150 MHz 2011-10-2 $225
2330E 2.2 GHz 1050 MHz 2011-6-19 OEM
2330M 1100 MHz
2310E 2.1 GHz 1050 MHz 2011-2-20
2310M 1100 MHz
2367M 1.4 GHz 350 MHz 1000 MHz 17 W 2011-10-2
2357M 1.3 GHz 950 MHz 2011-6-19
2340UE 800 MHz
2 (2) Pentium 967 1.3 GHz 1000 MHz 2 MB 2011-10-2
957 1.2 GHz 800 MHz 2011-6-19
B960 2.2 GHz 650 MHz 1100 MHz 35 W 2011-10-2
B950 2.1 GHz 2011-6-19
B940 2.0 GHz
Celeron B840 1.9 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-9-4 $86
B815[35] 1.6 GHz 1050 MHz Q1 2012
B810E 1000 MHz 2011-6-19 OEM
B810 950 MHz 2011-3-13 $86
B800 1.5 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-6-19 $80
857 1.2 GHz 350 MHz 17 W 2011-7-3 $134
847 1.1 GHz 800 MHz 2011-6-19
847E OEM
1 (1) 827E 1.4 GHz 1.5 MB 2011-7-3
787 1.3 GHz $107
B720[36] 1.7 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz 35 W Q1 2012
B710 1.6 GHz 2011-6-19 $70

Suffixes to denote:

  • M - Mobile processors
    • XM - Unlocked
    • QM - Quad-core
  • E - Embedded mobile processors
    • QE - Quad-core
    • LE - Performance-optimized
    • UE - Power-optimized

Cougar Point chipset flaw

On January 31, 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in the Cougar Point Chipset.[37] A hardware issue, in which the chipset's SATA-II ports may fail over time, cause failure of connection to SATA-II devices, though data is not at risk.[38] Intel claims that this problem will only affect 5% of users over 3 years, however, heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February, 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.[39] Motherboard manufacturers (such as ASUS and Gigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.[40][41]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates are not affected.[42] After two weeks, Intel continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers had to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.[43]

Limitations

Overclocking

Due to a single clock generator controlling the speed of all electrical buses, overclocking of LGA-1155 compatible processors beyond the default 100 MHz base clock speed is very limited, up to 5-7% without other hardware components failing.[44] However, Intel has made available K-edition processors which feature unlocked multipliers; the highest multiplier for Sandy Bridge is 57.[45]

Intel has demonstrated a Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9 GHz on air cooling.[46][47]

Intel Sandy Bridge E-series Processors will come with "Performance OverClocking" support.[48]

Chipset

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Refer here for chipset support.

Intel Insider and remote-control

The processors include a "service" called Intel Insider, which the company claims is "an extra layer of content protection",[49] and despite claims, is a form of hardware restrictions and Digital rights management (a technology that inhibits uses of digital content not desired or intended by the content provider). This protection technology is only intended for streaming services at the moment. [citation needed]

Sandy Bridge processors with Vpro capability have security features that can remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, ethernet, or internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.[50]

Successor

Intel demonstrated the Haswell architecture in September 2011, planned for release in 2013 as the successor to Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "The Man Behind 'Sandy Bridge'". December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  2. ^ Brooke Crothers (December 15, 2010). "CES: First Intel next-gen laptops will be quad core". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  3. ^ "Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology". News release and press materials. Intel. May 2, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  4. ^ "'Sandy Bridge' Breaks the Mold for Chip Codenames". December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  5. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (September 22, 2009). "IDF 2009 - Intel Shows off 22nm & 32nm, Sandy Bridge Demoed". AnandTech. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  6. ^ Cole (May 27, 2011). "Ivy Bridge's Backwards Compatibility Explained". Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  7. ^ LG Nilson (February 5, 2011). "Ivy Bridge should work in H67 and P67 motherboards". VR-Zone Technology beats. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  8. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (June 1, 2011). "Correction: Ivy Bridge and Thunderbolt - Featured, not Integrated". AnandTech. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  9. ^ Wolfgang Gruener (October 19, 2011). "Intel to Sell Ivy Bridge Late in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  10. ^ http://wccftech.com/intels-22nm-ivy-bridge-processors-launching-march-2012-flagship-quad-core-feature-77w-tdp/
  11. ^ "Intel's CEO Discusses Q3 2011 Results - Earnings Call Transcript".
  12. ^ Sylvie Barak (October 21, 2011). "Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs may launch in March". EE Times. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  13. ^ LG Nilson (October 18, 2011). "Ivy Bridge to have 77W max TDP, backwards and forwards compatibility explained". VR-Zone Technology beats. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  14. ^ http://www.nordichardware.com/news/69-cpu-chipset/43332-intel-ivy-bridge-gets-variable-tdp-and-thunderbolt.html
  15. ^ http://www.bit-tech.net/hardware/cpus/2011/10/10/all-about-ivy-bridge/6
  16. ^ "Intel Reinvents Transistors Using New 3-D structure". Intel. Retrieved 5/4/2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ James Delahunty (March 30, 2011). "Intel Ivy Bridge chips feature PCI Express 3.0". After Dawn news. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  18. ^ a b Kristian Vättö (May 6, 2011). "Intel's Roadmap: Ivy Bridge, Panther Point, and SSDs". AnandTech. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  19. ^ http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/behind-intels-new-randomnumber-generator/0
  20. ^ http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/download-the-latest-bull-mountain-software-implementation-guide/?wapkw=%28bull+mountain%29
  21. ^ AnandTech - The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested
  22. ^ LG Nilson (February 3, 2011). "Ivy Bridge to have 20 percent performance advantage over Sandy Bridge". VR-Zone Technology beats. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  23. ^ Ivy Bridge GPU Performance: Up to 60% Faster than SNB & Better QuickSync
  24. ^ Counting Transistors: Why 1.16B and 995M Are Both Correct, by Anand Lal Shimpi on 14/9/2011, www.anandtech.com
  25. ^ Ivy Bridge: 1.4B Transistors
  26. ^ Intel Mobile Ivy Bridge CPU Pictured, Compared with Sandy Bridge , by Hardcore-Hardware 3/9/2011
  27. ^ Xie Ping. "第3页：Sandy Bridge-E架构Core i7型号". INPAI.com.cn website (in Chinese). Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  28. ^ http://www.brightsideofnews.com/news/2011/3/30/intels-next-gen-platforms-leaked-lga-13562c-lga-20112c-z682c-x79-chipsets.aspx
  29. ^ "Intel's Sandy Bridge E-Series in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  30. ^ "Additional Details on Sandy Bridge-E Processors, X79, and LGA2011". Anandtech. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
  31. ^ "Products (Formerly Sandy Bridge)". Official product web site. Intel. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  32. ^ Chris Angelini (September 12, 2011). "Intel Core i7-3960X (Sandy Bridge-E) And X79 Platform Preview". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  33. ^ "Intel Refreshes Ultimate Enthusiast Processor Lineup with Six-Core Offerings". News release. Intel. November 14, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  34. ^ LG Nilson (October 31, 2011). "Sandy Bridge-E and X79 available for (pre-)order". VR-Zone Technology beats. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
  35. ^ http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Celeron_Dual-Core/Intel-Mobile%20Celeron%20B815.html
  36. ^ http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Celeron_Dual-Core/Intel-Mobile%20Celeron%20B720.html
  37. ^ Sandy Bridge، راه حل‌ها، بازار ایران
  38. ^ Tom's Hardware,Intel Identifies Cougar Point Chipset Error, Halts Shipments http://www.tomshardware.com/news/cougar-point-sandy-bridge-sata-error,12108.html
  39. ^ "Intel Identifies Chipset Design Error, Implementing Solution" (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 31, 2011.
  40. ^ "Intel chip bug affects HP, Dell, Samsung and Lenovo". BBC News. 2011-02-03.
  41. ^ "HP to offer refund for PCs with flawed Intel chip". Reuters. 2011-02-02.
  42. ^ Intel to Ship Dual-core Sandy Bridge Chips on Feb. 20 | PCWorld
  43. ^ Intel to continue shipping flawed Sandy Bridge chipsets | Expert Reviews
  44. ^ Intel to limit Sandy Bridge Overclocking, Bit-Tech, July 22, 2010
  45. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (September 14, 2010). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture Exposed". AnandTech. p. 8. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  46. ^ YouTube - ‪Intel demos Sandy Bridge running at 4.9GHz‬‏
  47. ^ "IDF Intel 2010: Intel Overclocks Sandy Bridge CPU to 4.9 GHz, outpaces 12-core AMD Opteron". ZDNet.
  48. ^ Intel to launch X79 Express chipset for Sandy Bridge E enthusiast processors | ZDNet
  49. ^ Knupffer, Nick. "Intel Insider - What Is It? (IS it DRM? And yes it delivers top quality movies to your PC)". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  50. ^ Hachman, Mark (2010-09-14). "Intel's 'Sandy Bridge' Chip to Include vPro Business Features". PC Magazine.
  51. ^ Haswell chip completes Ultrabook 'revolution' (September 14, 2011). The Circuits Blog. CNET.com http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-20106098-64/haswell-chip-completes-ultrabook-revolution/. Retrieved November 11, 2011. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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