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Soyuz-2

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Template:Launching/SoyuzTemplate:Launching/Soyuz (Arianespace)

This article is about the carrier rocket. For the mission, see Soyuz 2.
Soyuz 2 (Soyuz 2.1a/2.1b/ST/STK)
A MetOp spacecraft ready for the launch atop a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.
FunctionOrbital carrier rocket
ManufacturerTsSKB-Progress
Country of originRussia
Size
Height46.1 m (151.2 ft)
Diameter2.95 m (9.67 ft)
Mass305,000 kg (672,000 lb)
Stages2 or 3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass7,800 kilograms (17,196 lb)
Payload to 800 km SSO (with Fregat)
Mass4,500 kilograms (9,921 lb)
Payload to GTO (from ELS)
Mass3,250 kilograms (7,165 lb)
Associated rockets
FamilyR-7 (Soyuz)
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sitesLC-31/6, Baikonur
LC-43, Plesetsk
ELS, Centre Spatial Guyanais
Total launches33 (2.1a: 17, 2.1b: 16)
Success(es)31 (2.1a: 16, 2.1b: 15)
Failure(s)1 (2.1b)
Partial failure(s)1 (2.1a)
First flight2.1a: 8 November 2004
2.1b: 27 December 2006
Type of passengers/cargoCOROT
Boosters
No. boosters4
Engines1 RD-117
Thrust1,021.097 kN
Specific impulse310 sec
Burn time120 seconds
PropellantLOX/RP-1
First stage
Engines1 RD-118
Thrust999.601 kN (224,719 LBf)
Specific impulse311 sec
Burn time286 seconds
PropellantLOX/RP-1
Second stage
Engines1 RD-0124
Thrust294 kN (66,093 LBf)
Specific impulse359 sec
Burn time300 seconds
PropellantLOX/RP-1
Third stage (Optional) - Fregat
Engines1 S5.92
Thrust19.6 kN (4,406 LBf)
Specific impulse327 sec
Burn time877 seconds
PropellantN2O4/UDMH
[edit on Wikidata]

Soyuz-2, GRAU index 14A14, is the collective designation for the new version of the Russian Soyuz rocket. In its basic form, it is a three-stage carrier rocket for placing payloads into low Earth orbit. The first stage boosters and two core stages feature uprated engines with improved injection systems, compared to the previous versions of the Soyuz. Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch platforms for earlier Soyuz rockets had to be rotated as the rocket could not perform a roll to change its heading in flight.

Soyuz-2 is often flown with an upper stage, which allows it to lift payloads into higher orbits, such as Molniya and Geosynchronous orbits. The upper stage is equipped with independent flight control and telemetry systems from those used in the rest of the rocket. The NPO Lavochkin manufactured Fregat is the most commonly used upper stage.

Soyuz-2 rockets are currently launched from LC-31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and LC-43 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, launch facilities shared with earlier R-7 derived rockets including the Soyuz-U and Molniya. Commercial Soyuz-2 flights are contracted by Starsem, and have launched from LC-31 at Baikonur and ELS (l'Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz), which has been built at the Guiana Space Centre on the northern coast of South America. The Soyuz-2 is expected to be able to deliver 2.8-3.5 tonnes to GTO from this site.

The Soyuz-2 has replaced the Molniya-M[1] and is starting to replace the Soyuz-U and Soyuz-FG rockets which are currently in service alongside it, as they are expected to be phased out from 2014 onwards.[2][3]

Variants

Soyuz-2 family includes 2.1a, 2.1b and 2.1v. The first two variants are modifications to the Soyuz-U launcher. The latter is a "light" version without side boosters.

When launched from ELS site, the Soyuz-2 will always be mated with ST-type fairing. This version will be called Soyuz-ST or Soyuz-STK, where additional "K" indicates special measures taken for preparing and launching the rocket in hot and humid conditions.

Soyuz 2.1a

The 2.1a version includes conversion from analog to digital flight control system and uprated engines on the booster and the first stage with improved injection systems. The new digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to launch from a fixed rather than angled launch platform and adjust its heading in flight. A digital control system also enables the launch of larger commercial satellites with wider and longer payload fairings such as the ST-type fairing. These fairings introduce too much aerodynamic instability for the old analog system to handle. This stage continues to use the RD-0110 engine.

The 2.1a/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-A. The first launch, from Guiana, (17 December 2011 for Pléiades-HR 1A, SSOT, ELISA (4 satellites)) was a success.

Soyuz 2.1b

The 2.1b version adds an upgraded engine (RD-0124) with improved performance to the second stage.

The 2.1b/ST version is sometimes called Soyuz ST-B. The first launch, from Guiana, was a success (21 October 2011), for the first two Galileo IOV satellites.

Soyuz 2.1v

Main article: Soyuz-1 (rocket)

First draft of the 2.1v version was finished in 2009. It will be a "light" version of the Soyuz-2 without the side boosters (blocks B, V, G and D). Block A engine will be replaced by a more powerful one NK-33-1 and eventually the RD-193. The new launcher will be able to deliver up to 2.8 tonnes in low Earth orbit.[4]

Suborbital test flight

On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 GMT (21:30 Moscow Time), the first Soyuz-2 carrier rocket, in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a sub-orbital trajectory, with the third stage and boilerplate payload re-entering over the Pacific Ocean.

Commercial launches

MetOp-A

The first attempt at launching a Soyuz-2 to orbit, with the MetOp-A satellite, occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence, after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and on-board preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad, for the next attempt on 18 July. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October.


Launch history

Date Time (GMT) Configuration Launch Site Result Payload Remarks
8 November 2004 18:30 Soyuz 2.1a LC-43 Plesetsk Success Zenit-8 (boilerplate) Suborbital test
19 October 2006 16:28 Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success MetOp A Weather satellite
24 December 2006 08:34 Soyuz 2.1a/S Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Success Meridian 1 Communications satellite
27 December 2006 14:28 Soyuz 2.1b/SL Fregat LC-31 Baikonur Success COROT Astronomy satellite
26 July 2008 18:31 Soyuz 2.1b LC-43 Plesetsk Success[5] Kosmos 2441
(Persona?) 		Imaging
reconnaissance
satellite(?)
21 May 2009 21:53 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Partial failure[6] Meridian 2 Communications satellite
17 September 2009 15:55 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success Meteor M-1
Universitetsky-2
Sterkh-2
IRIS
UGATUSAT
SumbandilaSat
BLITS 		Weather satellite
and small piggyback science satellites
19 October 2010 17:11 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success Globalstar-2 F1
(6 satellites) 		Communications satellites
2 November 2010 00:59 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-43/4 Plesetsk Success Meridian 3 Communications satellite
26 February 2011 03:07 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43/4 Plesetsk Success GLONASS-K Navigation satellite
4 May 2011 17:41 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-43/4 Plesetsk Success Meridian 4 Communications satellite
13 July 2011 02:27 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success Globalstar-2 F2
(6 satellites) 		Communications satellites
2 October 2011 20:15 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43/4 Plesetsk Success GLONASS-M Navigation satellite
21 October 2011 10:30 Soyuz 2.1b/ST Fregat ELS Kourou Success[7] IOV-1 & IOV-2 Navigation satellites
28 November 2011 08:25 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Success[8] GLONASS-M Navigation satellite
17 December 2011 02:03 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat ELS Kourou Success[9] Pleiades 1A
SSOT
ELISA (4 satellites) 		Imaging Satellite
Earth observation satellite for Chile
Electronic Intelligence Satellites
23 December 2011 12:08 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Failure[10] Meridian 5 Communications satellite
28 December 2011 17:09 Soyuz 2.1a/ Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success[11] Globalstar 2 (x6) Communications satellite
17 September 2012 16:28 Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success MetOp B Weather satellite
12 October 2012 18:15 Soyuz 2.1b/ST Fregat ELS Kourou Success[12] IOV-3 & IOV-4 Navigation satellites
2 December 2012 02:02 Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat ELS Kourou Success[13] Pleiades 1B Imaging Satellite
6 February 2013 16:04:24 Soyuz 2.1a/ST Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success Globalstar 2 (x6) Communications satellite
19 April 2013 10:00:00 Soyuz 2.1a LC-31/6 Baikonur Success Bion-M1
AIST2
Dove 2
Beesat(2 and 3)
SOMP
OSSI 1 		Biological Science
and small piggyback science satellites
26 April 2013 05:23:46 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Success[14] GLONASS-M Navigation satellite
7 June 2013 18:37:59 Soyuz 2.1b LC-43 Plesetsk Success[15] Kosmos 2486
(Persona) 		Imaging reconnaissance satellite
25 June 2013 17:28:48 Soyuz 2.1b LC-31/6 Baikonur Success[16] Resurs-P1 Earth observation satellite
25 June 2013 19:27:03 Soyuz STB/Fregat-MT ELS Kourou Success[17] O3b-1
O3b-2
O3b-3
O3b-4 		Communications satellites
19 December 2013 09:12:19 Soyuz STB/Fregat-MT ELS Kourou Success[18] Gaia Space observatory
23 March 2014 22:54:03 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43 Plesetsk Success[19] GLONASS-M Navigation satellite
3 April 2014 21:02:26 Soyuz STA/Fregat-M ELS Kourou Success[20] Sentinel-1A Earth observation
6 May 2014 13:49:35 Soyuz 2.1a LC-43 Plesetsk Success[21] Kosmos 2495
(Kobalt-M) 		Film-return reconnaissance satellite
14 June 2014 17:16:48 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-43/4 Plesetsk Success[22] Kosmos 2500
GLONASS-M 		Navigation satellite
8 July 2014 15:58:28 Soyuz 2.1b/ Fregat LC-31/6 Baikonur Success[23] Meteor M-2
Relek (MKA-FKI (PN2))
DX-1
SkySat 2
TechDemoSat-1
UKube-1
AISSat-2 		Weather satellite
and six secondary satellites

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soyuz (rocket).

References

  1. ^ "Last launch of the Molniya-M on Sept 30th 2010". Anatoly Zak. 2010-09-30.
  2. ^ "Soyuz-2 to replace its predecessors". Anatoly Zak. 2011-06-01.
  3. ^ "Alexander Kirilin: "We are working on three rocket"". Volzkhskaya Kommuna. 2011-06-01.
  4. ^ "Rus/Souyz-2 launch vehicle (in Russian)".
  5. ^ "Soyuz 2-1b rocket launches classified military payload". Spaceflight Now. 2008-07-26.
  6. ^ Zak, Anatoly. "The Meridian satellite (14F112)". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
  7. ^ Soyuz flight VS01 Lifts Off From French Guiana.
  8. ^ Glonass-M satellite launched into orbit.Template:Ref-ru
  9. ^ Six defense satellites launched by Soyuz rocket
  10. ^ Russian satellite crashes into Siberia after launch
  11. ^ "Globalstar satellites 'flawlessly' orbited by Soyuz". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  12. ^ Soyuz ST-B launches Galileo twins successfully to orbit.
  13. ^ http://www.spaceflight101.com/soyuz-vs-04-pleiades-1b-launch-updates.html
  14. ^ Third Soyuz launch in a week bolsters Glonass system
  15. ^ Graham, William. "Russian spy satellite launched via Soyuz 2-1B". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  16. ^ Graham, William. "Soyuz 2-1B successfully launches with Resurs-P". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  17. ^ ""The journey begins" with a lift from Arianespace: O3b Networks' first four satellites are in orbit". Arianespace. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  18. ^ Soyuz ST-B successfully launches Gaia space observatory
  19. ^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
  20. ^ Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (2014-04-03). "Arianespace Soyuz ST-A launches Sentinel-1A mission". Retrieved 2014-04-06.
  21. ^ Soyuz-2-1A launches Kobal’t-M reconnaissance satellite
  22. ^ Fresh Glonass navigation satellite launched by Russia
  23. ^ Lift-off for British demo satellites
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