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The Endless River is the fifteenth studio album by British progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Produced by David Gilmour, Youth, Andy Jackson and Phil Manzanera, the album was released by Parlophone and Columbia Records respectively in Friday-release countries on 7 November 2014 and will be released in the United Kingdom on 10 November 2014. It is Pink Floyd's first studio album since the death of keyboardist and founding member Richard Wright, who appears posthumously, and the third by the Gilmour-led Pink Floyd after Roger Waters' departure in 1985. It is the first Pink Floyd album distributed by Parlophone and Warner Bros. Records following the purchase of EMI and its assets by the Universal Music Group in 2012, their transfer to Parlophone and the purchase of Parlophone by Warner Bros. in 2013.

Described as a "swan song" for Wright, The Endless River mostly comprises instrumental and ambient music. It is based on 20 hours of unreleased material the band wrote, recorded and produced with Wright during sessions for Pink Floyd's previous studio album The Division Bell (1994). It was finished in Gilmour's studios, the Astoria and Medina Studios in Hove, England, in 2013 and 2014. Reaction to the news of a new Pink Floyd album had been mostly positive, while the album itself received mixed reviews.[1]

Information about the The Endless River was leaked via social media, after which Pink Floyd made a formal announcement. The band, Parlophone and Columbia Records (outside Europe) launched a promotional campaign in the lead-up to its release with television advertisements and installations of the album artwork placed in cities around the world, including London, New York, Paris, Berlin and Milan. The cover concept is by Ahmed Emad Eldin with sleeve design by Stylorouge. Aubrey Powell served as creative director for the artwork.

Background

A montage of Pink Floyd performing on the A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour. Since the departure of Roger Waters, the David Gilmour-led Pink Floyd has focused on restoring "the earlier, more successful balance between lyrics and music".[2]

After the departure of founding member Roger Waters in 1985 and Waters' failed attempt to dissolve the band after declaring it a "spent force",[3] guitarist David Gilmour was left to lead Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason. Although keyboardist Richard Wright was fired by Waters during the recording of The Wall, leaving the band completely after playing as a touring member on The Wall Tour, he was invited back by Gilmour and Mason after Waters' departure, becoming a full member of the band once again by the time the band's fourteenth studio album, 1994's The Division Bell, was produced.[4] The band recorded two studio albums under Gilmour's lead; the first being 1987's A Momentary Lapse of Reason. The album was created with the mindset of restoring "the earlier, more successful balance between lyrics and music", with Gilmour stating that "The Dark Side of the Moon and Wish You Were Here were so successful not just because of Roger's contributions, but also because there was a better balance between the music and the lyrics [than on later albums]".[2] Although the album was met with mixed reviews upon release,[5][6] it gained the same mainstream attention as its predecessors, peaking at #3 on both the UK Albums Chart and the Billboard 200.[7]

The Division Bell, the second of the two albums originally released under Gilmour's leadership, was released in 1994 as the last studio album produced by the band until The Endless River. Although the album was also initially released with mixed to negative reviews from music critics,[6][8] it shot to #1 in both the UK and the US nonetheless.[7] The album saw a much greater participation from Richard Wright, who for the previous three albums with the band had had a reduced role. With The Division Bell, however, he not only shared his first writing credits on an album since 1975's Wish You Were Here, but had also recorded his first lead vocal since 1973's The Dark Side of the Moon.[9] At the request of Gilmour, Pink Floyd uneventfully disbanded after the close of The Division Bell Tour, concluding nearly thirty active years in the music industry.[10]

The Endless River was created as a tribute to the late Richard Wright, one of the band's founding members, who died in 2008.

By the end of the band's run, Pink Floyd had become one of the most commercially successful acts in music history, with sales of their albums exceeding 200 million,[11][12] with other sources claiming sales of over 250 million.[13][14] Pink Floyd was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with Gilmour, Mason and Wright accepting the award during the 17 January 1996 ceremony on behalf of Waters who declined to accept the award alongside them, and original founding member Syd Barrett, who was also absent from the ceremony.[15][16] The band were also inducted into UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005.[17] In the twenty-first century, two compilation albums, 2001's Echoes and 2011's A Foot in the Door, along with two re-releases of the band's studio discography entitled Oh, by the Way and Discovery have been released. On 2 July 2005, the members of Pink Floyd, including Waters, played together on stage once more at the London Live 8 concert. The event marked the first and only reunion of the 1970s Pink Floyd line-up on stage after Waters' departure, two decades prior to the concert.[18][19]

Richard Wright recorded and released Broken China in 1996. The concept album, mostly written by him and Gilmour-era Pink Floyd collaborator Anthony Moore and featuring guest vocals from Sinéad O'Connor, failed to receive notable attention upon its release but was nonetheless received positively by music critics over time.[20] Wright went on to assist Gilmour years later in the recording of his 2006 album, On an Island, embarking with Gilmour on the album's tour as well as appearing on the accompanying live albums Remember That Night and Live in Gdańsk. Wright died on 15 September 2008, at the age of 65, due to an undisclosed form of cancer.[4][21] He was the second member of Pink Floyd to pass away after Syd Barrett died in 2006 due to pancreatic cancer at age 60. [22] Initial tributes to Wright included statements from Gilmour, Mason and Waters,[23][24] tribute performances by artists such as Elton John[25] and various television and radio specials produced in the weeks following his death.[26] Also, long time band manager since 1968 Steve O'Rourke died in October, 2003 at age 63 from a stroke.

Composition

The Endless River has been described by the band as a predominantly ambient and instrumental album,[27] with closing track "Louder Than Words" being the album's only song, written by David Gilmour's wife Polly Samson,[28] who also shares writing credits on Pink Floyd's, The Division Bell and Gilmour's On an Island.[9][29] It is the first studio album to give composition credit to Nick Mason after The Dark Side of the Moon forty one years prior.

Recording

An exterior view of the Olympic Studios, where most of the demo sessions for The Division Bell took place.

The Endless River is based on material originally recorded in 1993 and 1994 during the sessions for The Division Bell, which took place at the Britannia Row Studios and aboard the Astoria, where Pink Floyd's A Momentary Lapse of Reason and David Gilmour's On an Island were also partly recorded. Pink Floyd's engineer, Andy Jackson, edited the material, described by drummer Nick Mason as ambient music, down to an hour long, a composite tentatively entitled The Big Spliff.[30] The band seriously considered releasing it at one stage, but it was originally shelved.[31] After the death of keyboardist Richard Wright, both David Gilmour and Nick Mason went back into the studio to expand upon The Big Spliff, inviting musicians and producers into the studio to work with them on a new Pink Floyd album. The process began in 2012, when Gilmour asked Phil Manzanera to work on the material. Manzanera listened to 20 hours of recordings and, with Jackson and engineer Damon Iddins, edited and constructed four 14-minute pieces over a 6 week period. Gilmour then handed the first two of these pieces to Youth, who worked further on them, including adding some guitar and bass parts. In November 2013, Gilmour then took command of sessions, working with Manzanera, Youth and Jackson, while Gilmour, Mason, Gilad Atzmon and Guy Pratt recorded new parts.[32] The album was also in part recorded at David's new recording studio Medina Studios in Hove, Brighton.

The Endless River was originally intended to be an instrumental album in vein of The Big Spliff's origins as an ambient piece. Backing vocalists, however, such as Durga McBroom were invited into the studio in December 2013, and Gilmour had taken lead vocals on at least one track of the album,[33] which has lyrics written by Polly Samson.[34]

The Endless River has as its starting point the music that came from the 1993 'Division Bell' sessions. We listened to over 20 hours of the three of us playing together and selected the music we wanted to work on for the new album. Over the last year we've added new parts, re-recorded others and generally harnessed studio technology to make a 21st century Pink Floyd album. With Rick gone, and with him the chance of ever doing it again, it feels right that these revisited and reworked tracks should be made available as part of our repertoire

— David Gilmour[35]

In an interview with Redbeard in March 1994,[36] Rick Wright said about The Division Bell recording sessions:

We actually had four 90 Minute DATs of five or six hours of music. The hardest thing was to throw things out and decide what we're gonna work on. So we had maybe 30 or 40 pieces of music and we worked on most of those. And then had to drop things we all loved - not knowing how the album was gonna turn out anyway! For example there are pieces that we dropped that I believe should be in the album now! But we had dropped: because we didn't have any clear idea how the album would be. But they are not lost! They are in my head, They are in Dave's head. They are going into my solo album, they are going into another Pink Floyd album or whatever!

Drummer Nick Mason (left) and guitarist David Gilmour (right) took up the project in 2013, following intents to create "a 21st century Pink Floyd album".

Dan Wootton of UK tabloid newspaper The Sun and McBroom have both stated that Roger Waters will not be involved in the project. Longtime session musician Guy Pratt, who has worked with both Pink Floyd and David Gilmour since 1987 and is also married to Wright's daughter Gala, recorded bass guitar for the album. Wootton also mentions Roxy Music's Phil Manzanera as co-producer of the album. Manzanera has co-writing credits on the 1987 album A Momentary Lapse of Reason and co-produced On an Island in 2006. According to Wootton there will be no tour for the album.[37][38]

In the November issue of Uncut magazine,[39] Gilmour and Mason clarified that only a small part from The Big Spliff (compiled by Andy Jackson) appeared on the finished record, and none at all were taken from Soundscape, the bonus track in cassette edition of their live album Pulse. The finished LP is based on four different pieces taking each side of the record, with parts of a Richard Wright rehearsal in 1969 mixed in, in addition to new overdubbing of drum and guitar parts. They also revealed the name of one song "Louder Than Words" (with lyrics by Polly Samson),[34] and the new release date of 10 November 2014.[39]

In a statement, Mason contextualized the album as a tribute to Wright: "I think this record is a good way of recognizing a lot of what he does and how his playing was at the heart of the Pink Floyd sound. Listening back to the sessions, it really brought home to me what a special player he was.[35] When asked whether The Endless River would be the final album by the band, Gilmour replied "Yes, I'm pretty certain that there will not be any sort of followup after this." He added that unreleased sessions that Wright recorded for Gilmour's solo projects would appear on Gilmour's records in the future.[40]

Packaging

The album cover was conceived by 18 year old Egyptian artist Ahmed Emad Eldin and turned into a digital artwork by the design studio Stylorouge.[41] It was described by Anthony Barnes of the Press Association as depicting "a young man in open shirt punting across a sea of clouds towards the glow of the sun".[42] The album is the fourth studio album by Pink Floyd not to feature artwork by long-time collaborator, and co-founder of music art studio Hipgnosis, Storm Thorgerson, who died in 2013.[43] Other album covers not designed by him are The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, The Wall and The Final Cut; every other studio album featured album covers by Thorgerson (either with Hipgnosis or on his own), including also various live and compilation albums.[44] Thorgerson's death left Gilmour, Mason and Hipgnosis co-founder Aubrey Powell to seek another artist to create the artwork for the new album.[41]

Ahmed Emad Eldin was discovered by Powell and his team after coming across his galleries on websites such as Behance, where he had made his artworks available for public viewing.[45] Eldin was subsequently contacted and commissioned to create the artwork for The Endless River. Eldin had been a fan of Pink Floyd beforehand, and had accepted the offer with enthusiasm.[46] Eldin talked about his inspiration for his artworks with London-based national newspaper The Independent, stating that "Thinking about life and nature and what is beyond the world of charming factors we have never seen is enough to create millions of different amazing feelings. First, I draw a sketch for what is in my mind, then I start to simulate the sketch and the idea with real images, and that’s called photo manipulation."[47] The artwork was well received by Powell, who stated that when he and his team saw Ahmed’s concept it had "an instant Floydian resonance", and described it as "enigmatic and open to interpretation" and that the image "works so well for The Endless River."[48]

The title of the album previously appeared as a lyric on the last single released from The Division Bell, "High Hopes": "The water flowing / The endless river / Forever and ever". Gilmour mentioned that naming The Endless River after the lyric suggested "some sort of continuum" connecting the two records, since they both came from the same sessions.[40] It also recalls a line from the band's second single, "See Emily Play", from 1967: "Float down a river forever and ever".[49]

Promotion

Several art installations, such as this one in South Bank, London, were placed around the world in promotion of The Endless River.

The Endless River is the second release by the band to be distributed by Parlophone,[50] following the release of the 20th Anniversary editions of The Division Bell earlier in 2014. The album is also the first studio album under their new label. The band's previous studio album, The Division Bell, along with subsequent live and compilation album releases were previously published by EMI in Europe and Sony counterpart Columbia Records for the rest of the world. The band, along with many other artists with EMI, were caught up in the sale of the company to the Universal Music Group, which lasted from 2011 to 2013. The European Commission and the Federal Trade Commission, after a review of Citigroup sale of the company, approved Universal's deal to buy the company, although under heavy conditions. One of the conditions was to sell off certain EMI assets.[51] Pink Floyd, along with many other bands under the EMI roster, were transferred to different labels during the process. The Parlophone Label Group was formed under Parlophone as one of many assets to be sold off by Universal following the acquisition of EMI, with Pink Floyd being transferred to the Parlophone Label Group during the sale.[52] The Warner Music Group, in 2013, struck a deal with Universal to buy the Parlophone label Group from EMI, acquiring publishing rights to Pink Floyd's back catalog and future releases in the process.[53][54]

In a tweet posted on 5 July 2014, Pink Floyd lyricist and wife of David Gilmour, Polly Samson, leaked information about a new Pink Floyd album, its title, The Endless River, and a projected release window of October 2014,[55] in order to pre-empt a tabloid newspaper report.[56] Prior to the leak, no knowledge of a new Pink Floyd album existed outside of speculation. The announcement made by Samson was immediately followed by backing vocalist Durga McBroom, who posted a photo of her alongside Gilmour in the recording studio, affirming Samson's announcement and later stating that the record will consist of "all unreleased material".[57] Details about The Endless River were confirmed by the band on 7 July, through a news article posted on their website,[58] initially describing it as "mainly ambient" and consisting of instrumental music. They further stated that more details would come at the end of the summer.[27]

The Endless River was formally unveiled by the band and Parlophone on 22 September 2014. The album's release date, artwork and track listing were revealed, and pre-orders for the album on physical and digital formats started the same day.[59][60] The album's unveiling was also accompanied by the opening of a promotional website, which served as a hyperstitial for the official Pink Floyd website.[61] The site featured an artist's statement, photographs from the The Division Bell sessions, pre-order details and two teasers, one featuring a 30-second snippet of the album's second track, "It's What We Do", and a television advertisement, featuring the album's geometric-based artwork.[62][63] In further promotion of the album, prominent installations of the album's artwork were placed around the world, including a four-sided 8m tall billboard placed in South Bank, London,[42][47] and large-scale poster advertisements in cities such as Berlin, Paris, Los Angeles, Milan, New York and Sydney.[64][65]

The album's only song, "Louder Than Words" had it's world premier radio broadcast on BBC Radio 2, on Chris Evans' breakfast show. The song was played in a slightly shortened radio edit and has subsequently been played on American radio stations. Gilmour and Mason also appeared in an interview for BBC Radio 6 Music to promote the album and to discuss Wright's contributions.

The track "Allons-y (1)" was made available to download from the iTunes store on 4 November 2014. In the week leading up to its official release, The Endless River broke the record for the most pre-ordered album in Amazon UK's history.[66]

Reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic53/100[1]
Review scores
SourceRating
The Daily Mail[67]
The Daily Telegraph[68]
The Guardian[69]
Financial Times[70]
The Independent[71]
Rolling Stone[72]
The Music[73]
NME5/10[74]

The Endless River received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 53, which indicates "mixed or average reviews", based on 6 reviews as of November 8 2014.[1]

Ludovic Hunter-Tilney of the Financial Times praised the album's nostalgic "Floydian" sound, reminiscent of the band's work prior to The Wall, and wrote: "How fitting that a band so accustomed to loss should close their account with an engrossing elegy to their own past."[70] Cameron Cooper of The Music gave the album three and a half out of five, writing that the album felt "less like a swansong and more like a final homage ... the lack of vocals (save for the album’s closing track) gives the music more freedom, allowing it to speak for itself."[73] In The Guardian, Alexis Petridis gave the album three out of five, describing it as "not a new album from an extant band, but an echo from the past – or a last, warm but slightly awkward group hug ... on those terms, it works just fine," and praised the lead single and final track "Louder than Words" as "stately, poignant and open-hearted".[69] Writing for Rolling Stone, David Fricke gave The Endless River three and a half stars and wrote: "Wright was the steady, binding majesty in the Floyd's explorations. This album is an unexpected, welcome epitaph."[75]

Andy Gill of The Independent gave the album one out of five, calling it "just aimless jamming, one long thread of Dave Gilmour's guitar against Rick Wright's pastel keyboards and Nick Mason's tentative percussion, with nary a melody of any distinction alighted upon for the duration .... without the sparking creativity of a Syd or Roger, all that's left is ghastly faux-psychedelic dinner-party muzak."[71] Writing before the album was released, Joshua Ostroff of The Huffington Post was critical of Gilmour and Mason's decision to record a new album without Waters, writing that "the era with bassist Waters taking the singing, lyrical and conceptual reigns [sic] with [Gilmour] on guitar was the 'real' Pink Floyd ... it might as well be called Wish Waters Was Here."[76]

Track listing

All tracks produced by David Gilmour, Phil Manzanera, Youth and Andy Jackson

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Things Left Unsaid..."David Gilmour, Richard Wright4:24
2."It's What We Do"Gilmour, Wright6:21
3."Ebb and Flow"Gilmour, Wright1:50
Total length:12:35
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Sum"Gilmour, Nick Mason, Wright4:49
2."Skins"Gilmour, Mason, Wright2:37
3."Unsung"Wright1:06
4."Anisina"Gilmour3:15
Total length:11:47
Side three
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."The Lost Art of Conversation"Wright1:43
2."On Noodle Street"Gilmour, Wright1:42
3."Night Light"Gilmour, Wright1:42
4."Allons-Y (1)"Gilmour1:56
5."Autumn '68"Wright1:35
6."Allons-Y (2)"Gilmour1:35
7."Talkin' Hawkin'"Gilmour, Wright3:25
Total length:13:38
Side four
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Calling"Gilmour, Anthony Moore3:38
2."Eyes to Pearls"Gilmour1:51
3."Surfacing"Gilmour2:46
4."Louder than Words"Gilmour, Polly Samson6:32
Total length:14:47
The Endless River deluxe edition
No.TitleLength
19."TBS9"2:27
20."TBS14"4:11
21."Nervana"5:39
22."Anisina" (video)2:49
23."Untitled" (video)1:22
24."Evrika (A)" (video)5:58
25."Nervana" (video)5:32
26."Allons-y" (video)6:00
27."Evrika (B)" (video)5:33

Personnel

Release schedule

See also

References

Footnotes

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  2. ^ a b Schaffner 1991, p. 274
  3. ^ Blake 2008, pp. 311–313: O'Rourke's involvement in the settlement; Povey 2008, p. 240: "a spent force".
  4. ^ a b The Telegraph staff (16 September 2008). "Obituaries - Richard Wright". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  5. ^ Ruhlmann, William (2002). "Pink Floyd - A Momentary Lapse of Reason - Review by William Ruhlmann". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
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  7. ^ a b Sources for A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell chart performances:
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  9. ^ a b The Division Bell (liner notes). Pink Floyd. EMI, Columbia Records. 1994.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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  31. ^ Mason 2005, p. 315
  32. ^ "The Return of the Parts of Something: The Making of The Endless River", by Daryl Easlea, Prog October 2014, pp. 38-45
  33. ^ Maloney, Devon (5 July 2014). "New Pink Floyd Album 'The Endless River' Out in October: Report". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
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  35. ^ a b Roberts, Randall (22 September 2014). "Pink Floyd offers release date, cover art for album 'The Endless River'". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
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Bibliography

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