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Siege of Marawi

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Battle of Marawi
Part of the Moro conflict and the
Military intervention against ISIL

A building in Marawi is set ablaze by air strikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force.
Date23 May 2017 (2017-05-23) – present
(7 years, 5 months, 1 week and 6 days)
Location
Marawi, Lanao del Sur, Philippines
8°00′38″N 124°17′52″E / 8.0106°N 124.2977°E / 8.0106; 124.2977
Status

Ongoing

Belligerents

 Philippines

Supported by:
Non-state supporters:

Foreign supporters:

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Commanders and leaders
Philippines Rodrigo Duterte
(President of the Philippines)
Philippines Delfin Lorenzana
Philippines Eduardo Año
Philippines Ronald dela Rosa		 Isnilon Hapilon
(Abu Sayyaf commander)
Omar and Abdullah Maute
(Maute group commanders; reported dead)[8]
Units involved

Armed Forces of the Philippines

Philippine National Police

United States U.S. special operations forces (technical assistance)[9]		 Maute group
Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Ansar Khalifa Philippines[10]
Strength
3,000+ soldiers[11]

600–700 militants[12][13]

  • Maute group: 300[10]
  • Abu Sayyaf: 60[10]
  • BIFF: 40[10]
  • Ansar Khalifa Philippines: 40[10]
Casualties and losses
200+ killed,[14]
1,400+ wounded,[15]
60 missing[16]		 639+ killed,[14]
9 captured[17]
79 civilians killed (34 due to illness),[14][18]
180,000 evacuated,[19] 84,760 displaced[20]
Siege of Marawi is located in Philippines
Siege of Marawi
class=notpageimage|
The location of Marawi within the Philippines

The Battle of Marawi (Filipino: Labanan sa Marawi), also known as the Marawi siege (Filipino: Pagkubkob sa Marawi)[21] and the Marawi crisis (Filipino: Krisis sa Marawi),[22] is an ongoing armed conflict in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, that started on 23 May 2017 between Philippine government security forces and affiliated militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, including the Maute and Abu Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups.[23]

The Philippine Government claims that the clashes began when it launched an offensive in the city to capture Isnilon Hapilon, leader of the ISIL-affiliated Abu Sayyaf group, after receiving reports that Hapilon was in the city, possibly to meet with militants of the Maute group.[24][25] A deadly firefight erupted when Hapilon's forces opened fire on the combined Army and police teams and called for reinforcements from the Maute group, an armed group that has pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, and who are believed to be responsible for the 2016 Davao City bombing, according to military spokesmen.[26]

Maute group militants attacked Camp Ranao and occupied several buildings in the city, including Marawi City Hall, Mindanao State University, a hospital and the city jail.[26] They also occupied the main street and set fire to Saint Mary's Church, Ninoy Aquino School and Dansalan College, run by the United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP).[24][27] The group also attacked the Marawi Cathedral, taking a priest and several churchgoers hostage.[28]

On 26 May 2017, the Armed Forces of the Philippines stated that some of the terrorists are foreigners who have been in the country for quite some time, offering support to the Maute group in Marawi. Their main objective is to raise an ISIL flag at the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol and declare a wilayat or provincial ISIL territory in Lanao del Sur.[29][30]

Background

General background

The Maute group has established a stronghold in Lanao del Sur since February 2016 and is blamed for the 2016 Davao City bombing and two attacks in Butig, Lanao del Sur, a town located south of Marawi, in 2016.[31] Since the militant group's founding in 2013, the Philippine government has downplayed the threat of ISIS in the Philippines.[32] Following the February 2016 Butig clash with the Maute group, then-President Benigno Aquino III discounted the possibility of the Islamic State's presence in the country. He said that those behind the attack were just mercenaries wanting to be recognized by the Middle East-based terror group.[33]

The Abu Sayyaf group, blamed for deadly bombings and kidnappings in the past, had also reportedly pledged allegiance to the Islamic State movement since 2014.[34] One of its leaders, Isnilon Hapilon, is listed as among the world's most wanted terrorists by the US State Department with a reward of up to US$5 million for his capture.[23] Following the abduction and subsequent beheading of Canadian businessman John Ridsdel in April 2016, Aquino disclosed that he had received death threats from the jihadist group, and that the Abu Sayyaf also plotted to kidnap his sister Kris and Manny Pacquiao.[35][36] Aquino also identified Hapilon to be behind attempts to convert and recruit inmates at the New Bilibid Prison to their cause and embark on a bombing campaign in Metro Manila which he said was "part of their effort to gain favor with ISIS."[37]

In November 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte confirmed the Maute's links with the Islamic State group although the Philippine military maintained that ISIL has not established links in the Philippines.[31] Amidst fierce fighting in Butig on 30 November 2016, Duterte, in a command briefing in Lanao del Sur, left a warning to the Maute group: "Ayaw ko makipag-away sa inyo. Ayaw ko makipag-patayan, (I do not want to fight you. I don't want to engage in killing each other) but please, do not force my hand. I cannot be forever traveling here every month para lang makipag-usap (just to talk), at pagtalikod ko patayan nanaman (and when I turn around, killing again). I do not want to mention anything, but please do not force my hand into it."[38][39]

On 2 December 2016, as the military regained control of Butig, the retreating Maute fighters reportedly left a note threatening to behead Duterte and the military.[40] On 12 December 2016, in a speech before the Wallace Business Forum Dinner, Duterte dared the Maute group to attack Marawi, stating: "Because they (the Maute group) threatened to go down from the mountains to burn down Marawi? Go ahead, be my guest. We will wait for you there. Walang problema (No problem)."[41][42]

From April to May 2017, Abu Sayyaf fought in clashes with Philippine security forces in Bohol which resulted in the deaths of at least four government agents.[43]

Prelude to the battle

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) stated that the fighting in Marawi was due to a raid conducted by the military in coordination with the Philippine National Police, contrary to earlier reports that the clash was initiated by the militant groups. Rolando Bautista, commanding general of the Philippine Army 1st Infantry Division, stated that they had received reports of impending activity two or three weeks ahead of time.[44] As the combined military and local police team conducted zoning in Marawi to validate the information that suspicious personalities including Omar and Abdullah Maute were consolidating in the area, their team spotted instead Isnilon Hapilon.[44] According to the Philippine military, Hapilon had been appointed as emir of the IS forces in the Philippines and was consolidating his group with the Maute and other terrorist groups.[44][45] After residents of Marawi reported the presence of an armed group within their locale and after the AFP verified the information, the military launched a "surgical operation" to capture Hapilon.[25][44]

Timeline of the battle

May

23–27 May

23 May
Marawi, the site of the battle
Listing of inmates of the Malabang District Jail at a PNP checkpoint.

Firefights between government forces and militants began at approximately 2:00 in the afternoon of 23 May 2017. The Peace and Conflict Journalism Network reported that the clash occurred in the Basak Malutlut area of the city as Hapilon's forces called for reinforcement from the Maute group. Maute fighters occupied the Amai Pakpak Hospital and ordered the PhilHealth employees out of the facility.[25] The fighters allegedly replaced the Philippine flag hoisted in the hospital with the Black Standard used by the Islamic State group.[46] A staff member of the hospital has later denied that this happened.[47]

The 103rd Brigade of the Philippine Army stationed at Camp Ranao was attacked by at least 500 Maute group militants.[46] A number of militants were then seen waving their ISIS black flags as they roamed the streets of Marawi.[48]

The whole city was put on lockdown as several buildings and houses were set ablaze by members of the Maute group.[23] Dozens of gunmen occupied the Marawi City Hall as 107 inmates escaped from the Marawi City Jail and the Malabang District Jail 39 after the Maute attacks.[23] Power and communication lines were also shut down due to the continued hostilities.[49] Roads leading to Marawi were blocked by both government security forces and Maute militants.[25]

Civilians were reported to have been abducted by the Maute group, including a priest and several parishioners of the Cathedral of Our Lady Help of Christians as the group demanded that the government stop its offensive against them.[50]

The clashes sparked a mass evacuation of the city with residents fleeing by the thousands, causing traffic congestion on the highway to Iligan and Cagayan de Oro.[51] At least eleven civilians have been killed in the ongoing firefight, two of which the Lanao del Sur Provincial Disaster Office identified as ambulance drivers who were stopped by Maute militants while responding to an emergency call.[52][53] Nine of those civilians were on board a truck when they were stopped by Maute militants at a checkpoint and shot dead with their hands tied.[54][55] A police officer was also reported to have been beheaded by the militants.[52]

24 May

On 24 May, additional government forces arrived at the Laguindingan Airport as the military regained control of the Amai Pakpak Hospital.[53] 120 civilians used as a human shield by the Maute group were rescued from the hospital.[23] The Philippine military has also recaptured the city hall and the Mindanao State University.[56]

25 May

On 25 May, fresh fighting took place near the Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol in the Marawi city center.[56] Black-clad Maute and Abu Sayyaf militants were still spotted in the city's major roads and bridges. The militants also reportedly took control of the Lanao del Sur Electric Cooperative in Gadungan village.[56] The AFP said there were still three or four dozen Maute, including Isnilon Hapilon, remaining in Marawi.[57] The Philippine air force launched strikes against remnants of the group in three nearby villages.[57]

Reports came in that two Malaysian terrorists who were with Isnilon Hapilon in Marawi to push for the creation of the Islamic State in Southeast Asia were among those militants killed late Thursday. Intelligence sources also said that an Indonesian and a Saudi Arabian linked to ISIS were also killed in skirmishes in the city.[58] The AFP said that 26 of the around 50 Maute in the area were killed and 30 government soldiers were wounded.[59]

26 May

At a press briefing in Davao City, AFP Spokesperson Brig. Gen. Restituto Padilla stated that some of the terrorists are foreigners who have been in the country for quite some time, offering support to the Maute group in Marawi. He noted that of the twelve killed in a recent action, six were from out of the country.[29][60]

Amid continuing operations against the terror groups, several houses, including the residence of Lanao del Sur Representative Jun Papandayan, were seen burning as residents also reported seeing civilians killed after the military dropped bombs on Maute positions. Sources said the houses were targeted because of the presence of Maute snipers.[61]

According to AFP Western Mindanao Command chief Lt. Gen. Carlito Galvez Jr., dwellings in the area were intentionally set on fire so as to keep them from being used as cover by the Maute. Limited air strikes were also used on Maute sniper positions. Galvez stated that no civilians were reported killed in the air strikes, and it was his hope they could keep military casualties low as well.[62]

As of 26 May 2017, the priest Fr. Chito Suganob and his companions who were taken hostage by the Maute group on Day 1 of the clashes, were still being held by the group according to Marawi bishop Edwin de la Peña.[63]

27 May
Refugees from Marawi staying in Iligan.

1st Infantry Division spokesman Lt. Col. Jo-Ar Herrera told reporters: "We have identified where they are consolidating so we are doing surgical air strikes to destroy the local terrorist group."[64] The military troops and Special Action Force continued on their clearing operations by checking each house and building in the city's downtown area.[65] In the conduct of the operations on Saturday, troops have encountered child warriors as young as 10 years old armed with M-16 rifles being used by the Maute group.[65]

By 27 May 90 percent of Marawi's population of more than 200,000 people has been evacuated to neutral grounds, particularly in Iligan.[66]

28–31 May

28 May

The regional military spokesman Jo-Ar Herrera reported 19 civilians, some of whom were women and children, had been killed in Marawi by 27 May. Eight civilians had been found dead on the side of the road on the outskirts of Marawi on the previous Sunday (22 May).[67] The victims were later identified as local carpenters who were part of an evacuation convoy; the militants stopped the convoy and then massacred those who could not recite verses from the Quran.[68] A signed note was found attached to one of them, the author indicating that the victims had "betrayed their faith".[69] Authorities said that 2,000 civilians were trapped in militant-controlled areas.[70]

Reports came in that 28 Malaysians had joined the Maute group. Citing intelligence sources in Manila, a Malaysian newspaper reported that the Malaysians arrived early last week supposedly for a religious event and may have also taken up arms, a conclusion they arrived at after 2 Malaysians were killed in firefights.[71] The ongoing clash also raised concerns in Jakarta that extremist groups in Indonesia could be drawn to join the fight in Marawi as well.[72]

Malacañang Palace Communications Secretary Martin Andanar appealed for foreign support in fighting the extremist groups in southern Philippines. In an interview with China Central Television, Andanar said "We need support, be that economic support, ideological support to fight the ISIS. Now, it is an international issue. We are doing our best to contain the ISIS and to stop it from spreading in the country."[73]

29 May
The "Peace Corridor" set up by combined forces of the Philippine government and Moro Islamic Liberation Front to hasten humanitarian efforts in support of affected Marawi residents. The orange line shows the scope of the corridor which covers Marawi itself and the towns of Marantao, Balindong, Tugaya, Bacolod-Kalawi, Madalum, Madamba, Ganassi, and Malabang.

The death toll in Marawi has reached 100, the Philippine military confirmed Monday, including 19 civilians and 61 militants.[74][69] The military has also retaken most of Marawi previously occupied by the extremist groups. Presidential Spokesperson Ernesto Abella said Monday that only small areas in the city remained under militants' control.[75] Also on Monday, the Philippine military reported that the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters from neighboring Maguindanao have joined the Maute and Abu Sayyaf groups in Marawi and that the Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon remained holed up in the city.[76]

Amid continuing air strikes and as the militants fought government forces on 29 May, fourteen hostages managed to escape their Maute captors. The men said they were part of a group of 20 who had been taken captive on 27 May while evacuating the city. Their captors forced them to film a video appeal to Duterte to accede to the militants' demands or the hostages would be killed. One of the hostages was indeed beheaded, they reported, and one drowned during the escape.[77]

A spokesman for Nur Misuari said Misuari ordered the Moro National Liberation Front to fight any Maute in Lanao del Sur.[78] Misuari offered a unit of 500 to 700 MNLF fighters to help fight the extremists.[78] Luis Jalandoni of the National Democratic Front stated his group was willing to help as well.[78]

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the government decided to implement a "peace corridor" in Lanao del Sur as part of an effort to hasten humanitarian operations for displaced Marawi residents. The corridor spans from Marawi proper down to the Malabang town.[79]

30 May

In a video released on 30 May, abducted priest Fr. Teresito Soganub pleaded the government to stop their offensive against the militants and withdraw all their forces from Marawi and Lanao del Sur. Marawi Bishop Edwin dela Peña says that Soganub was relaying the Maute group's demands in exchange for the safety of Suganob and other people taken as hostages.[80]

The Marawi city center remains under control of the Maute militants, as two of three bridges leading to the Marawi city center, the Mapandi and Bayabao bridges, still contained roadblocks and enemy vehicles with a black flag flying in front of them.[81]

The Philippine Marines had been able to recover eighteen high-powered firearms, police and military uniforms, and black flags from their two-day clearing operations in Marawi. They also reported that eight terrorists had been killed Tuesday.[81]

In a joint statement from the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front released Tuesday, Murad Ebrahim said the MILF welcomed the President's invitation for its forces to extend humanitarian assistance to civilians still trapped in Marawi.[82]

31 May
BRP Tarlac in Iligan offloading military units meant to augment government forces fighting in Marawi.

AFP spokesperson Restituto Padilla said Wednesday that government forces have retaken 90 percent of Marawi, including parts of the city center and the two bridges that lead to it.[83][84] According to Padilla, the surge in the number of militants might have something to do with the sympathizers they freed from the city jail, but that the military managed to secure all entry and exit points to prevent possible reinforcements for the militants.[83]

The Associated Press reported that eleven soldiers were killed and seven others were wounded by friendly fire in a military air strike as government security forces struggled to drive off remnants of the militant groups from the city.[85] An AFP spokesman said the incident happened when a SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 turboprop aircraft providing close air support "over militant positions in Marawi" dropped a bomb that accidentally hit an army unit locked in close-range combat with the militants. Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana ordered an investigation on the incident.[85]

At least eight militants have surrendered to government troops on Wednesday.[86] According to AFP spokesman Restituto Padilla, the militants surrendered to the unit of Marine Task Force Tiger Tawitawi Commanding general Custodio Parcon and "have provided very, very valuable intelligence." It was the first time that members of the militant groups have surrendered since laying siege to Marawi on 23 May 2017.[86] Additional marines and relief supplies arrived via transport ship on 31 May.[87]

June

1–3 June

1 June

In a news conference, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced that eight foreign militants had been killed in Marawi, five of which they have identified as Malaysian, Indonesian, Saudi Arabian, Yemeni and a Chechen.[88] Lorenzana also said they have revised their estimate of the number of militants involved in the Marawi attacks since last week from the initial 100 militants to 500 militants, which he said was composed of 260 Maute militants, 100 Abu Sayyaf militants under Isnilon Hapilon, and the rest from other local militant organizations. He said 280 militants have fled the city, some of them mixing with civilians in neighboring towns while an estimated 50 to 100 militants remained in Marawi.[89]

A friendly fire incident took place in Marawi. Two Philippine Air Force planes bombed rebel positions, but one plane missed its target and instead hit government troops on the ground, killing 10 soldiers.[90][91] Following the incident, Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III asked for a review of the Philippine military's strategy in the ongoing campaign against the militant groups in Marawi.[92] Senator Antonio Trillanes called the incident "tragic and unfortunate" as he called on the military to ensure that similar incidents will never happen again. Senator Panfilo Lacson encouraged the public to support the AFP as well as the investigation being conducted.[92]

2 June

Malacañang Palace spokesman Ernesto Abella dispelled speculations that the 2017 Resorts World Manila attack that transpired in the early hours of 2 June 2017 in Pasay was connected to the ongoing military offensive against the Maute group in Marawi or to ISIS. He also denied any possible terrorism link in the incident.[93]

In an update to the media on the situation in Marawi, the AFP spokesperson said that the militants remained holed up in commercial buildings in the city center and that they believe Isnilon Hapilon to be still in Marawi. He also acknowledged that their earlier 2 June deadline for completely taking back the city from the militant groups won't be met as they continued to put up significant resistance.[94] The Indonesian Foreign Ministry through its embassy in Manila was able to rescue 17 of their citizens from Marawi on Thursday with help from the AFP.[95]

3 June

On 3 June 2017, Duterte and Nur Misuari (founding chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front) made an agreement that 2000 MNLF fighters would be enlisted into the Philippine military and join in the fighting in Marawi.[96] However, a few days later, both the Armed Forces of the Philippines and Duterte himself issued statements that this would not be happening soon.[97][98]

4–10 June

4 June
Filipino soldiers in transit who are participating in the Battle of Marawi.

On 4 June 2017, a ceasefire agreement was reached between the Philippine government and the ISIL fighters remaining in the center of Marawi. This ceasefire had been facilitated by MILF, which had been asked by Duterte to help negotiate a settlement by which civilians still trapped in the city could be evacuated. The ceasefire was to begin at 8 A.M. and last for four hours. However, the Philippines Military units in the city refused to accept the terms of the ceasefire, and only allowed the evacuation of those individuals on the edges of the areas controlled by ISIL. Fighting in the city broke out at 9 A.M. The army claimed that 179 civilians were evacuated, while a presidential spokesperson claimed that 134 were evacuated - fewer than on preceding days - leaving about 2,000 civilians trapped in the city. Two soldiers were injured.[99][100][101]

Authorities claimed that the total number of civilian casualties had increased from 20 to 38, all killed by militants, while local residents claimed that airstrikes had killed dozens of civilians.[101]

6 June

On 6 June 2017, police in Davao arrested Cayamora Maute, the 67-year-old patriarch of the leaders of the Maute group. He was arrested at a Task Force Davao checkpoint in Sirawan, Toril District. Cayamora was aboard a van wearing a surgical mask to avoid identification, when they were stopped at the checkpoint.[102]

9 June
Members of the government cabinet inspecting weapons retrieved by security forces from ASG-Maute militants.

On 9 June 2017, the police received information and arrested the mother of the Maute terrorist group leaders, Ominta Romato Maute. Ominta, also known as Farhana, was arrested in the town of Masiu in Lanao del Sur, along with two other wounded family members and 7 other unidentified females.[103] Also on 9 June, it was reported that 13 Philippine Marines had been killed and 40 wounded during a clearing operation in Marawi. American Special Forces were deployed to the city in a advisory role.[104]

11–17 June

11 June

On 11 June 2017, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on Sunday announced that it has so far killed 191 Maute group terrorists in the ongoing operations to clear Marawi.

12 June (Philippine Independence Day)

On 12 June 2017, the Philippines' Independence day, the Armed Forces of the Philippines hoped that as of this day, Marawi siege will be over. The Philippine Government raised the symbolic Philippine Flag in several places in Marawi like the Marawi City Hall, Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol, Camp Ranao, Mindanao State University, Amai Pakpak Hospital and several roads in the city. Philippine troops, Tanks, Rescue Van and trucks, Police cars, Patrol Cars, Army Service units and Heavy Tanks also carried a Philippine Flag which symbolizes that the roads they are roaming around are part of Philippine Territory to fight back to the Maute's black flag. However, the battle still continues.[105]

16 June

The Armed Forces of the Philippines announced that they have began "normalization operations" and has begun cooperating with local government units in restoring the situation in Marawi back to normal. Clashes against militants continues.[106] The Philippine military stated that it had secured 90% of Marawi, as of 16 June 2017[107][108]

18–24 June

19 June

The Armed Forces of the Philippines raided a Maute group safehouse, where they confiscated bags of shabu (methamphetamine hydrochloride) and related drug paraphernalia. Captain Eric Estrevillo of the 49th Infantry Battalion stated on a press conference that Maute group members use shabu to endure long battles, and in addition, looked "high" during combat.[109]

23 June

The Philippine government accepts Australia's offer to send two AP-3C Orion surveillance aircraft to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in Marawi.[110]

24 June

According to some news websites, the leader of Abu Sayyaf and the emir of the ISIS Philippines Isnilon Hapilon withdrew from Marawi, according to Lt. Gen. Carlito Galvez, the head of Western Mindanao Command. However, according to the Philippine Military, Isnilon's escape from the city is yet to be confirmed.[111]

The Philippine military declared an 8-hour ceasefire effective from 6:00 am of 25 June to give way for the observance of Eid el-Fitr but has maintained that the ceasefire will be lifted if the militants open fire at government forces or civilians.[112]

25–30 June

25 June (Start of Eid al-Fitr)

At 6:50 a.m. amidst a congressional prayers for the Eid al-Fitr celebration held at the provincial capitol building, suspected gunshots were heard; a few minutes after the unilateral ceasefire by the government was declared. Entrance and exit points to Marawi remained guarded by government security forces against the influx of aid to Maute forces and assist civilians fleeing the city.[113]

Civilian volunteers along with Moro Islamic Liberation Front members took advantage of the ceasefire to retrieve civilians trapped in militant contested areas. ISIL-linked militant snipers opened fire at some government held positions but none of the clashes during the ceasefire were deemed major by the government. When the unilateral ceasefire expired, full-scale hostilities between government forces and militants continued.[114]

30 June

Two surveillance planes which were committed by Australia started conducting operations in Marawi. Filipino pilots and technicians are aboard the aircraft and will assist in relaying information to forces on the ground. The mission involving the Australian planes will take place for two weeks.[115]

July

1–15 July

3 July

Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said senior ISIS leader Isnilon Hapilon was believed to be hiding inside one of the mosques in Marawi.[116]

4 July

Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella confirmed reports that Maute has looted an estimated P500 million worth of money from Marawi.[117] Dansalan College, which had been used by the militants as a sniper roost, was retaken by government troops and 410 firearms were recovered since clearing operations began.[118]

12 July

A FA-50PH Golden Eagle fighter jet missed a target by 250 meters (820 ft) resulting to a friendly fire which killed two soldiers and injured 11 others. All FA-50s were grounded pending an investigation while other air assets of the Philippine Air Force remained operating in Marawi.[119]

13 July

As of 7 p.m. on 13 July, security forces have killed 394 terrorists and recovered 498 firearms. But government fatalities numbered 93 while the terrorists killed 45 civilians. Troops were able to rescue 1,723 people from the war-torn city but there are still some 300 civilians who are either trapped by the fighting or taken hostage by the terrorists.[120]

15 July

According Brig. Gen. Resituto Padilla, the military is still assessing the security accession of the Battle of Marawi even though the fight was on its climax. Also, he noted that the campaign will continue before and even after of the State of the Nation Address of the President, Rodrigo Duterte.

He also noted that the AFP is doing its best to accomplish the 10-15 day deadline set by the president.[121]

16–31 July

18 July

National news agencies told the public that the President Rodrigo Duterte is considering to extend the martial law until the end of the year, which is 31 December. The president insists that Martial Law is needed for faster rehabilitation of Marawi after the battle has ended.

"I have come to the conclusion that the existing rebellion in Mindanao, which has prompted me to issue Proclamation No. 216 on 23 May 2017, will not be quelled completely by 22 July 2017," Duterte said in a portion of his letter read aloud by the Executive Spokesperson Ernesto Abella. "For this reason, because public safety requires it, I call upon the Congress to extend until 31 December 2017 or for such a period of time as the Congress may determine the proclamation of martial law and the suspension of privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the whole of Mindanao," he added.

19 July

President Rodrigo Duterte said the Marawi crisis birthed a "newly evolving type of urban warfare" and his declaration of martial law in Mindanao is meant to fight this menace.

In the full text of his letter to Congress released today, Duterte said this type of warfare is "characterized by the rebels' total disregard for civilian lives, cruelty to combatants and non-combatants alike, widespread looting, and pillaging of occupied communities."

He added this particular kind of warfare resulted in a "significant number of casualties," and firefights that have prevented government troops from moving forward as well as clean up operations.[122]

22 July

Through a joint session of the Philippines' Congress of the Philippines between the House of Representatives and the Senate, 16 senators, 261-18 Congressmen (Not one congressman abstained among those present)[123], in favor of the President's request, voted for the extension of Proclamation Order No. 216 - Imposing Martial Law in the whole Mindanao Region by President Rodrigo Duterte. This extension is valid until 31 December 2017.[124]

August

18 August

Task Force Marawi stated that the main battle area of the conflict is now confined to an area of covering 800 x 600 meters (2624.67 x 1968.5 feet). 400 buildings remained unclear from Maute elements by government forces.[125]

19 August

Maute militants are now confined to an area near the city's Grand Mosque with 40 civilians believed to be still held hostage.[125]

22 August

Government forces recaptured the Marawi City Police Station from the militants. Among the first features seized by ISIL-link militants in the early part of the battle, the police station is considered a "strategic location" by the Philippine military.[126]

24-29 August

The Grand Mosque where hostages by ISIL-linked militants were allegedly held was recaptured by government forces. However troops did not encounter any militants or the hostages when they entered the building. [127]

25-29 August

Captain Jo-Ann Petinglay, the spokesman of Joint Task Force Marawi, stated that the military had recaptured St. Mary’s Catholic Cathedral, one of the first facilities occupied by the militants when they laid siege to the city. General Eduardo Ano said that their leaders had been cornered in a battle zone restricted to 500 square metres. AFP meanwhile reported deaths of 10 militants who tried to sneak from Lake Lanao into Marawi as reinforcements.[128]

September

1 September

Three soldiers and five militants were killed in clashes with the AFP taking control of Banggolo Bridge, the second bridge recaptured by the forces in the battle, a military spokesperson stated.[129]

Casualties

Wake for soldiers who died in the conflict.

As of 5 September 2017, the casualties reported are as follows:

The police chief of Malabang, Romeo Enriquez, who was cited by Duterte as beheaded in his speech on 24 May 2017[132] as one of the basis for his declaration of martial law the day before, was found later to be still alive.[133][134][135] The police officer killed was later identified by the ARMM PNP as Senior Inspector Freddie Solar, a former police chief of Malabang and member of the Drug Enforcement Unit of the Lanao del Sur Provincial Police.[136]

Along with the casualties, much of Marawi was flattened in what was described as the heaviest urban fighting in the Philippines since World War II.[137]

Deaths of evacuees due to diseases

According to the Philippines’ Health Department report on 16 June, at least 40 evacuees, who were staying outside evacuation centers, died of dehydration, while 19 others lost their lives as a result of diseases contracted due to living in congested evacuation camps.[138][139] This report has since been corrected by the Health Secretary as just 4 evacuees who died of dehydration, instead of 40.[140][141][142]

Reactions

See also: Reactions to the Declaration of Martial Law in Mindanao

Domestic

Government

Duterte briefs the 4th Infantry Division at the troops' Headquarters-6 regarding the crisis.
See also: Proclamation No. 216

Following the clash, Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao at 10:00 in the evening (UTC+8) of 23 May 2017. As per the 1987 Constitution, the state of martial law will initially last for 60 days. Duterte also decided to shorten his diplomatic visit to Russia.[143]

Vice President Leni Robredo started organizing donations[144][145] and directing relief operations for the victims.[146]

Several checkpoints were set up in Metro Manila on Sunday, 28 May 2017.[147]

The Department of Education launched the Brigada for Marawi (lit. 'Brigade for Marawi') program to help displaced teachers and students from Marawi. As part of the program, the department has solicited donations from the public, tracked displaced teachers and students and provided psychological aid to affected teachers.[148] The Department of Social Welfare and Development pledged to provide one-time aid of ₱1,000 to each displaced family. It is meant to enable Muslim families to still observe Ramadan.[149]

An inter-agency taskforce called Task Force Bangon Marawi was set up on 28 June 2017 to facilitate the rehabilitation of Marawi after the conflict subsides.[150]

The government decided to withdraw its financial support for the Philippine Olympic Committee to host the 2019 Southeast Asian Games on July 2017. It reallocated funds meant for the hosting of the games for the rehabilitation of Marawi but this August, the government says that they will be hosting the 2019 SEA Games[151]

Local government units

The government of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao has allocated ₱35 million as aid for displaced Marawi residents. The regional health department has also set up a operations center for the displaced.[152] Other governments in Mindanao has also provided relief aid such as Compostela Valley and Davao City.[153]

In a manifesto, all mayors of Lanao del Sur on August 2017 labeled the Maute Group and its sympathizers as an "Enemy of the Maranao People" and also classified the group under the ISIL.[154]

Institutions

The University of Makati began admitting displaced people from Marawi, and children of soldiers who fought in the conflict under a scholarship program. [155]

Religious sectors and community leaders

Lanao sultans making an open letter to Duterte urging for the quick resolution of the Battle of Marawi.

The President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, Socrates Villegas, on Wednesday, 24 May, asked for prayers after Maute militants took a priest and some parishioners hostage in Marawi. The CBCP President also asked the government forces to "make the safety of the hostages a primordial consideration" while ensuring that the law is upheld.[156] The Philippine Center for Islam and Democracy condemned the acts of the militant groups saying that their acts were contrary to the teachings of Islam. The Muslim group noted that the incident occurred at the time when Muslims were preparing for Ramadan, which according to them made the acts of the militants more heinous.[157] 22 sultans and imams from Marawi also urged Duterte for the resolution of the crisis before the end of Ramadan and told the militants which they say are not Marawinians to leave the besieged city and insists that Islam respects values and respects humanity.[158]

Sheik Abehuraira Abdulrahman Udasan, a mufti, issued a fatwa "against the entry and spread of violent radicalism or extremism" in the Bangsamoro area. This edict was supported by the militant group MILF, which has been assisting the government.[159]

Muslim clerics from a Ulama conference while expressing support for government efforts in regards to the peace process inMindanao called for an end of air strike by government forces while condemning the acts of the militants as violent extremism and appealed President Rodrigo Duterte to appoint a Muslim Justice of the Supreme Court.[160]

Social media

Philippine National Police advisory addressed to the public regarding the dissemination of information in relation to the Marawi crisis.

Reactions to the declaration of martial law were mixed on social media.[161] Amidst unconfirmed reports of beheading and kidnapping, PNP spokesman Dionardo Carlos appealed in a press briefing addressed to the public to limit "to what they know what they see" in making posts relevant to the Marawi incident in social media.[162] Numerous Filipino TV personalities have expressed their reactions to the ongoing clash between the government forces and the Maute terror groups in Mindanao. Some Pinoy celebrities also called for unity despite the division in political alliances.[163]

International

China,[164] Russia,[165] and the United States[166] expressed support for the security efforts of the Philippine Government, with Russian President Vladimir Putin also expressing condolence for the victims of the crisis.[165] Canada has also said that they will extend humanitarian aid upon request of the Philippine government.[167]

Malaysia began to tighten its border with the Philippines shortly after the President announced martial law,[168] while the United Kingdom warned its citizens to avoid traveling to western Mindanao.[169] Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Manila also advised its citizens to avoid public places in the Philippines in general.[170] Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak also announced his government's full support to Philippine forces.[171]

Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia will launch joint patrols in waters off the Mindanao region to counter threats from Islamic State group militants. Joint sea patrols in the waters bordering the three nations would kick off on 19 June 2017.[172]

Meanwhile, the Indonesian military will also strengthen its outer islands bordering the Philippines by building more military bases to prevent the militant groups from entering Indonesia.[173]

Aid

Australia sent AP-3C Orion planes to the southern Philippines following the conflict as surveillance support.[174] The planes started flying over Marawi on 30 June with Filipino pilots and technicians aboard as part of the crew.[115]

On 23 June, Australia announced it would provide surveillance support to the Philippines' armed forces by sending two RAAF AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft on flights over the southern Philippines.[175][176] After the operational details regarding the surveillance support were finalized between the Philippine and Australian military, it was planned that the AP-3C Orion would be immediately deployed in Marawi.[174] In August 2017 the offer was extended further to include the deployment of special forces in a training and advisory role, similar to the role Australian forces play in Iraq.[177] The Philippines accepted the offer in early September 2017 and talks are ongoing to determine the extent of the assistance.[178]

China donated 50 million renminbi[note 1] worth of arms aid which comprises of around 3,000 rifles and 6 million pieces of ammunition. Three types of rifles were given; Sniper rifle, automatic rifle, and high-precision rifle.[179] A ₱15 million check donation was also given by China for the rehabilitation of Marawi.[180]

Israel[180] and South Korea[181] made donations to the Philippine Red Cross for the organization's efforts in Marawi. The European Union has pledged to donate 850 thousand euros [note 2] worth of humanitarian aid meant for people affected in the conflict.[182] India donated about Rs 3.2 crore[note 3] for the rehabilitation and relief of Marawi.[184]

Turkey through its Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency has pledged to support to feed displaced Marawi school children studying in temporary learning spaces.[185]

Singapore has offered to provide its air force's C-130 to help bring in humanitarian supplies, It also offered to send UAVs to be manned by Singaporean troops to assist the AFP in enhancing surveillance and intelligence capabilities and urban training villages to help the AFP train in urban warfare.[186][187] Defense Secretary Lorenzana accepted the offer and has instructed the AFP to study the Singaporean military's ISR programs.[188]

Thailand has offered to deploy its troops to Marawi for humanitarian operations under the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief programme (HADR) and will not be sent in to combat operations.[189]

The Asian Development Bank and World Bank expressed their willingness in providing technical assistance in regards to the rehabilitation of Marawi.[190]

On 6 July, the Malaysian Armed Forces mulling to send humanitarian relief for the civilians in Marawi.[191] By 21 July, through the country RMAF A400M, food and medical supplies are being sent for the city internally-displaced residents.[192] On 25 July, the country promise to sent more humanitarian aid as the situation worsened.[193][194]

Order of Battle

Belligerents in the Battle of Marawi
Philippines Philippine government and allies ISIL-affliated militants
Government forces Maute group
Abu Sayyaf
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
Ansar Khalifa Philippines
Department of National Defense (Philippines)
Armed Forces of the Philippines

Philippine Army

Philippine Navy

Philippine Air Force

AFP Western Mindanao Command

Philippine Marine Corps

Philippine Coast Guard

Philippine National Police

Non-state supporters
Limited support
Moro National Liberation Front
(against Maute militants seeking refuge in MNLF controlled areas in Lanao del Sur[78])
Humanitarian aid

Moro Islamic Liberation Front[195]

Foreign support
Intelligence aid

Military arms aid

See also

Notes

  1. ^ About ₱370 million[179]
  2. ^ About ₱49 million[182]
  3. ^ About ₱25 million or US$500 thousand[183]

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