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45th Canadian Parliament

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45th Canadian Parliament
Minority parliament
May. 26, 2025 – present
Canadian Parliament (2025)
Parliament leaders
Prime
minister		Rt. Hon. Mark Carney
Mar. 14, 2025 – present
Cabinet30th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition		Hon. Andrew Scheer
May. 6, 2025 – Aug. 18, 2025
Hon. Pierre Poilievre
Aug. 18, 2025 – present
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionConservative Party
RecognizedBloc Québécois
Independent Senators Group*
Canadian Senators Group*
Progressive Senate Group*
UnrecognizedNew Democratic Party
Green Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons		Hon. Francis Scarpaleggia
May. 26, 2025 – present
Government
House leader		Hon. Steven MacKinnon
May. 13, 2025 – present
Opposition
House leader		Hon. Andrew Scheer
Sep. 13, 2022 – present
Members343 MP seats
List of members
Senate

Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate		Hon. Raymonde Gagné
May. 16, 2023 – present
Government
Senate rep.		Hon. Marc Gold
Jan. 24, 2020 – Jun. 30, 2025
Hon. Pierre Moreau
Feb. 16, 2026 – present
Opposition
Senate leader		Hon. Leo Housakos
May. 14, 2025 – present
Senators105 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
MonarchHM Charles III
Sep. 8, 2022 – present
Governor
general		HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon
Jul. 26, 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session
26 May 2025 – Present
← 44th

The 45th Canadian Parliament is the current legislative session of the Parliament of Canada, which began on May 26, 2025, with the membership of the House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2025 federal election held on April 28.[1]

Overview

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Canada's constitution mandates reviews of electoral divisions following each decennial census to reflect changes and movements in population. This parliament is the first one seated in accordance with the 2023 representation orders[2] determined based on the 2021 census, which expanded the House of Commons by five seats (1 in British Columbia, 3 in Alberta, and 1 in Ontario).[3]

The session was opened personally by Charles III, King of Canada, on May 27, 2025, during his first royal visit to Canada as monarch.[4][5] This was the first time in over half a century that the reigning monarch had opened parliament, since Elizabeth II did so for the 23rd Canadian Parliament in 1957, as well as the first time the sovereign had personally read the Speech from the Throne since Elizabeth II did so at the opening of the third session of the 30th Canadian Parliament in 1977.[6] Its legislative session commenced on May 26, 2025, with the unprecedented event of a prime minister taking a seat in parliament for the first time.

Sessions

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The 45th Parliament is currently in its first session:

Session Start End
1st May 26, 2025[7] In process

Legislation and motions

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Acts which received Royal Assent

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Date of Assent Title Bill #
June 26, 2025 An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act (supply management)[8] C-202
An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[9] C-6
An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[10] C-7
An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (One Canadian Economy Act)[11] C-5
November 20, 2025 An Act to amend the Citizenship Act (2025)[12] C-3
An Act to authorize Gore Mutual Insurance Company to apply to be continued as a body corporate under the laws of the Province of Quebec S-1001
December 11, 2025 An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026[13] C-17

Leadership of the House of Commons

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Presiding officer

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Office Photo Party Officer Riding Since
Speaker of the House of Commons Francis Scarpaleggia Liberal Francis Scarpaleggia Lac-Saint-Louis May 26, 2025

Government leadership (Liberal)

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Office Photo Officer Riding Since
Leader Mark Carney Mark Carney Nepean March 9, 2025
House Leader Steven MacKinnon Gatineau May 13, 2025
Chief Whip Mark Gerretsen Kingston and the Islands May 14, 2025
Caucus Chair James Maloney Etobicoke—Lakeshore May 2025

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

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Office Photo Officer Riding Since
Leader Pierre Poilievre Pierre Poilievre Battle River—Crowfoot September 10, 2022
Deputy Leaders Melissa Lantsman Thornhill
Tim Uppal Tim Uppal Edmonton Gateway
House Leader Andrew Scheer Andrew Scheer Regina—Qu'Appelle September 13, 2022
Deputy House Leader Luc Berthold Luc Berthold Mégantic—L'Érable—Lotbinière
Whip Chris Warkentin Chris Warkentin Grande Prairie May 21, 2025
Deputy Whip Rob Moore Rob Moore Fundy Royal
Question period Coordinator Eric Duncan Eric Duncan Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry
Caucus Chair Scott Reid Scott Reid Lanark—Frontenac September 13, 2022
Caucus Party Liaison Warren Steinley Regina—Lewvan May 21, 2025
Committee Coordinator John Brassard John Brassard Barrie South—Innisfil
Quebec Lieutenant Pierre Paul-Hus Pierre Paul-Hus Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles September 13, 2022

House Committees

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[14]

Committee Chair Vice Chairs
Veterans Affairs Marie-France Lalonde (LPC) Blake Richards (CPC)

Marie-Hélène Gaudreau (BQ)

Agriculture and Agri-Food Michael Coteau (LPC) John Barlow (CPC)

Yves Perron (BQ)

Canadian Heritage Lisa Hepfner (LPC) Rachael Thomas (CPC)

Martin Champoux (BQ)

International Trade Hon. Judy A. Sgro (LPC) Adam Chambers (CPC)

Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (BQ)

Citizenship and Immigration Julie Dzerowicz (LPC) Hon. Michelle Rempel Garner (CPC)

Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe (BQ)

Environment and Sustainable Development Angelo Iacono (LPC) Ellis Ross (CPC)

Patrick Bonin (BQ)

Access to Information, Privacy, and Ethics John Brassard (CPC) Linda Lapointe (LPC)

Luc Thériault (BQ)

Status of Women Marilyn Gladu (CPC) Emmanuella Lambropoulos (LPC)

Andréanne Larouche (BQ)

Foreign Affairs and International Development Hon. Ahmed Hussen (LPC) Hon. Michael Chong (CPC)

Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe (BQ)

Finance Hon. Karina Gould (LPC) Jasraj Singh Hallan (CPC)

Jean-Denis Garon (BQ)

Fisheries and Oceans Patrick Weiler (LPC) Mel Arnold (CPC)

Alexis Deschênes (BQ)

Health Hon. Hedy Fry (LPC) Dan Mazier (CPC)

Luc Theriault (BQ)

Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities Bobby Morrissey (LPC) Rosemarie Falk (CPC)

Marilène Gill (BQ)

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Terry Sheehan (LPC) Jamie Schmale (CPC)

Sebastian Lemire (BQ)

Industry and Technology Ben Carr (LPC) Raquel Dancho (CPC)

Gabriel Ste-Marie (BQ)

Justice and Human Rights Hon. Marc Miller (LPC) Larry Brock (CPC)

Rhéal Fortin (BQ)

Official Languages Yvan Baker (LPC) Joël Godin (CPC)

Mario Beaulieu (BQ)

National Defence Charles Sousa (LPC) James Bezan (CPC)

Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (BQ)

Government Operations and Estimates Kelly McCauley (CPC) Iqwinder Gaheer (LPC)

Marie-Hélène Gaudreau (BQ)

Public Accounts John Williamson (CPC) Jean Yip (LPC)

Sébastien Lemire (BQ)

Procedure and House Affairs Chris Bittle (LPC) Michael Cooper (CPC)

Christine Normandin (BQ)

Natural Resources Hon. Terry Duguid (LPC) Shannon Stubbs (CPC)

Mario Simard (BQ)

Public Safety and National Security Hon. Jean-Yves Duclos (LPC) Frank Caputo (CPC)

Claude DeBellefeuille (BQ)

Science and Research Salma Zahid (LPC) Tony Baldinelli (CPC)

Maxime Blanchette-Joncas (BQ)

Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities Peter Schiefke (LPC) Dan Albas (CPC)

Xavier Barsalou-Duval (BQ)

Joint Committees

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Committee Joint Chairs Vice Chair (s)
Library of Parliament Hon. Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia

MP Angelo Iacono (LPC)

MP Louis Plamondon (BQ)
Scrutiny of Regulations Hon. Yuen Pau Woo

MP Dan Albas (CPC)

Tim Louis (LPC)

Denis Trudel (BQ)

Current leadership of the Senate

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Presiding officer

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Office Photo Party Officer Province Since
Speaker of the Senate Non-affiliated Raymonde Gagné Manitoba 12 May 2023
Speaker pro tempore Independent Senators Group René Cormier New Brunswick June 5, 2025

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

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Office Officer Province Since
Government Representative in the Senate Pierre Moreau Quebec July 18, 2025
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate Patti LaBoucane-Benson Alberta N/A
Government Liaison in the Senate Iris Petten Newfoundland and Labrador September 5, 2024

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

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Office Photo Officer Province Since
Leader of the Opposition Leo Housakos Quebec May 14, 2025
Deputy leader of the Opposition Yonah Martin British Columbia November 2015
Whip of the Opposition Judith Seidman Quebec N/A
Caucus Chair Denise Batters Saskatchewan N/A

Senate Committees

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[15]

Committee Chair (s) Deputy Chair (s)
Foreign Affairs and International Relations Peter M. Boehm (ISG) Peter Harder (PSG)
Agriculture and Forestry Robert Black (CSG) John M. McNair (ISG)
Audit and Oversight Marty Klyne (PSG) David M. Wells (CPC)
Colin Deacon (CSG)
Tony Loffreda (ISG)
Indigenous Peoples Michèle Audette (PSG) Margo Greenwood (ISG)
Banking, Commerce, and the Economy Clément Gignac (CSG) Toni Varone (ISG)
Internal Economy, Budgets, and Administration Lucie Moncion (ISG) Claude Carignan (CPC)
Danièle Henkel (PSG)
Jim Quinn (CSG)
Ethics and Conflict of Interest for Senators Judith Seidman (CPC) Peter Harder (PSG)
Energy, the Environment, and Natural Resources Pat Duncan (ISG) Josée Verner (CSG)
Legal and Constitutional Affairs David Arnot (ISG) Denise Batters (CPC)
National Finance Claude Carignan (CPC) Éric Forest (ISG)
Official Languages Allister Surette (ISG) Rose-May Poirier (CPC)
Fisheries and Oceans Fabian Manning (CPC) Bev Busson (ISG)
Human Rights Paulette Senior (ISG) Wanda Thomas Bernard (PSG)
Rules, Procedures, and Rights of Parliament Pierre Dalphond (PSG) Denise Batters (CPC)
Stan Kutcher (ISG)
Percy Downe (CSG)
Pierrette Ringuette (ISG)
National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs Hassan Yussuff (ISG) Mohammad Al Zaibak (CSG)
Selection Michael L. MacDonald (CPC) Chantal Petitclerc (ISG)
Social Affairs, Science and Technology Rosemary Moodie (ISG) Gigi Osler (CSG)
Transport and Communications Larry Smith (CPC) Donna Dasko (ISG)

Timeline

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Changes in MPs

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See also: By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament
Changes in seats held (2025–present)
Seat Before Change
Date Member Party Reason Date Member Party
Battle River—Crowfoot June 17, 2025 Damien Kurek █ Conservative Resigned to provide a seat for Pierre Poilievre August 18, 2025 Pierre Poilievre █ Conservative
Acadie—Annapolis November 4, 2025 Chris d'Entremont █ Conservative Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus.[16][17] █ Liberal
Markham—Unionville December 11, 2025 Michael Ma █ Conservative Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus. █ Liberal
University—Rosedale January 9, 2026 Chrystia Freeland █ Liberal Resigned from parliament to become an economic advisor for Ukraine TBA █ Vacant
Scarborough Southwest February 2, 2026 Bill Blair █ Liberal Resigned from parliament to become the Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom TBA █ Vacant
Terrebonne February 13, 2026 Tatiana Auguste █ Liberal Previous general election result annulled by the Supreme Court TBA

2025

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2026

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Membership changes

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House of Commons

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Number of members
per party by date 		2025 2026
Apr 28 Jun 17 Aug 18 Nov 4 Dec 11 Jan 9 Feb 2 Feb 13
Liberal 169 170 171 170 169 168
Conservative 144 143 144 143 142
Bloc Québécois 22
New Democratic 7
Green 1
Independent 0
  Total members 343 342 343 342 341 340
Government Majority –5 –4 –5 –3 –1 –2 -3 -4
Vacant 0 1 0 1 2 3

Senate

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Senate group changes during 45th Parliament
Date ISG CSG PSG CPC NA Vac. Tot.
2025-04-28 45 18 18 12 12 0 105
2025-05-13 19 11
2025-05-14 11 1
2025-05-20 20 10
2025-05-26 21 9
2025-06-03 46 8
2025-06-04 12 7
2025-06-10 13 6
2025-06-11 20 14
2025-06-30 5 2
2025-07-18 17 6
2025-08-01 45 18
2025-09-01 13 3
2025-09-05 46 17
2025-09-09 45 4
2025-09-21 44 5
2025-09-23 43 7
2025-09-25 19 8
2025-10-09 16 14
2025-10-17 13 6
2025-11-15 42 7

Party standings

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Standings in the 45th Canadian Parliament
Affiliation House members Senate members
2025 election
results 		Present +/– On election
day 2025 		Present +/–
Liberal 169 168 Decrease 1 – – Steady
Conservative 144 142 Decrease 2 12 13 Increase 1
Bloc Québécois 22 22 Steady – – Steady
New Democratic 7 7 Steady – – Steady
Green 1 1 Steady – – Steady
Independent Senators Group – – Steady 45 42 Decrease 3
Canadian Senators Group – – Steady 18 19 Increase 1
Progressive Senate Group – – Steady 18 16 Decrease 2
Government Representative’s Office – – Steady – 5 Increase 5
Independent or non-affiliated – – Steady 12 3 Decrease 9
Total members 343 340 Decrease 2 105 98 Decrease 7
Vacant 0 3 Increase 3 0 7 Increase 7
Total seats 343 – 105 –


Members of the House of Commons

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Main article: List of House members of the 45th Parliament of Canada

Members of the Senate

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Main article: List of current senators of Canada

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "Canada Votes 2025". CBC Canada Votes 2025. 2025-04-29. Retrieved 2025-04-29.
  2. ^ Canada, Elections. "Interactive Data Visualizer ? 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
  3. ^ "The Process for Readjusting the Seat Count in the House of Commons and the Boundaries of Electoral Districts". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
  4. ^ "King Charles will visit Ottawa to give May 27 throne speech". The Toronto Star. May 2, 2025. Archived from the original on May 2, 2025. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
  5. ^ Woods, Micheal; Davison, Janet (2025-05-02). "King Charles will visit Canada, deliver throne speech to open Parliament". CBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
  6. ^ McFater, Madison (May 3, 2025). "What is a throne speech? Why King Charles will deliver just Canada's third one by a reigning monarch". The National Post. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
  7. ^ Government of Canada. "Parliaments – Duration of Sessions". ParlInfo. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
  8. ^ "C-202 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-04. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  9. ^ "C-6 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  10. ^ "C-7 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  11. ^ "C-5 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-10. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  12. ^ "C-3 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-12. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  13. ^ "An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026". LEGISinfo. 2025-12-13. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  14. ^ "List of Committees". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  15. ^ "Committees".
  16. ^ "Conservative MP says he's considering joining Canada's Liberal government". POLITICO. 2025-11-04. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  17. ^ Tasker, John Paul (November 4, 2025). "Nova Scotia MP Chris d'Entremont is out of the Conservative caucus". CBC News.
  18. ^ "King Charles's Throne Speech to Canada's Parliament - follow live". BBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-27.
  19. ^ "Liberals downplay narrowly lost vote demanding spring budget | National Post".
  20. ^ "Liberals say they aren't bound by vote calling for budget or fiscal update before summer". The Globe and Mail.
  21. ^ "Opinion: A Throne Speech fit for a king. But where's the budget?". The Globe and Mail.
  22. ^ a b "PM Mark Carney's Liberal government passes first hurdle with throne speech amendment". CP24. June 5, 2025.
  23. ^ "Blanchet says he won't 'threaten to overthrow the government' soon | National Post".
  24. ^ Tasker, John Paul (November 4, 2025). "Nova Scotia MP Chris d'Entremont is out of the Conservative caucus". CBC News.
  25. ^ Conservative MP Matt Jeneroux announces resignation from Parliament
  26. ^ Ha, Stephanie (2025-12-12). "MP Michael Ma leaves Conservative caucus to join Liberals". CTV News. Retrieved 2025-12-12.
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