Timeline of Cambridge
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cambridge, England.
Prior to 16th century
- 973 – Market active[1]
- c. 1000–50 – St Bene't's Church built
- 1068 – Cambridge Castle erected
- 1101 – Town incorporated[2]
- c. 1130 – Holy Sepulchre church built
- 1144 – Cambridge is sacked by Geoffrey de Mandeville[3]: 75 [4]
- 1154 – Cambridge fair active[1]
- 1200 – Charter granted[5]
- 1209 – University of Cambridge established by scholars from Oxford[6]
- 1211 – Stourbridge fair first recorded
- 1213 – Hervey FitzEustace, 1st recorded mayor[7]
- 1261 – Cambridge academics attempt to set up a university of Northampton, suppressed by the Crown in 1265[8]
- 1266 – Raided by Barons who had been disinherited after the Battle of Evesham, and the murder of the Jews in the town[3]: 75
- 1275 – Expulsion of the town's Jews by Queen Dowager Eleanor of Provence[3]: 82
- 1284 – University's Peterhouse college founded[9]
- 1326 – Clare College founded[10]
- 1347 – Pembroke College founded[9]
- 1348 – Gonville & Caius College founded[10]
- 1350 – Trinity Hall college founded[10]
- 1352 – Corpus Christi College founded[10]
- 1381 – Disorder during the Peasants' Revolt[3]: 75
- 1416 – University Library exists by this date
- 1441 – King's College founded[10]
- 1446 – Foundation stone of King's College Chapel laid
- 1448 – Queens' College founded[10]
- 1473 – St. Catherine College founded[10]
- 1496 – Jesus College founded[10]
16th-18th centuries
- 1505 – Christ's College founded[10]
- 1511 – St John's College established[9]
- 1515 – King's College Chapel fan vault completed
- 1521 – John Siberch is active as a printer, the earliest known here[11]
- 1525 – Robert Barnes gives probably the first openly evangelical sermon in an English church, at St Edward King and Martyr
- 1534 – University Press granted a royal charter
- 1542 – Magdalene College founded
- 1546 – Trinity College founded[9]
- 1556 – John Hullier burned as a Protestant on Jesus Green
- 1584 – Emmanuel College founded[10]
- 1595 – Sidney Sussex College founded[10]
- 1615 – Perse School founded
- 1638 – Cambridge, Massachusetts named[12]
- 1640 – Oliver Cromwell elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge[13]
- 1667 – Eagle and Child pub in business
- 1695 – Wren Library at Trinity College completed
- 1730 – University's Senate House completed
- 1744 – Cambridge Journal and Weekly Flying Post begins publication[14]
- 1747 – Shire-hall built[2]
- 1749 – Mathematical Bridge built at Queens' College
- 1762 – Cambridge Chronicle newspaper begins publication[15]
- 1766 – Addenbrooke's Hospital founded
- 1784 – Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge established[16]
- 1793
- Cambridge Intelligencer newspaper begins publication[14]
- Cambridge Quarters composed for new clock of the Church of St Mary the Great
19th century
- 1800 – Downing College founded[10]
- 1816 – Fitzwilliam Museum founded
- 1817 – Cambridge Town Club (cricket club) formed[citation needed]
- 1828
- Bull Hotel in business
- Cambridge University Boat Club founded
- 1829 – The Boat Race, rowed against Oxford, begins[9] (annual from 1856)
- 1831 – Bridge of Sighs built over the Cam at St John's College
- 1833 – The Pitt Building built in honour of William Pitt the Younger, an undergraduate of Pembroke College and Prime Minister, to house the printing and publishing offices of Cambridge University Press
- 1833 – Anatomy theatre attacked by a mob[17]
- 1839 – Cambridge Advertiser newspaper begins publication[18]
- 1840 – Cambridge Antiquarian Society founded
- 1841 – Cambridge's first post-reformation Roman Catholic church opens as St Andrew's Church
- 1845 – Eastern Counties Railway begins operating to Cambridge railway station[5]
- 1848 – Mill Road Cemetery established
- 1858 – Cambridge School of Art founded
- 1854 – Deighton, Bell & Co. booksellers in business[19]
- 1869 – Girton College for women founded[9]
- 1871 – Newnham College for women founded
- 1874 – Cavendish Laboratory completed
- 1876 – W. Heffer bookseller begins business as a stationer
- 1880
- Cambridge Street Tramways begin operation
- St Radegund pub built on part of the site of the Garrick Hotel
- 1881 – Ridley Hall and Westcott House theological colleges founded
- 1883 – Footlights student amateur dramatic club founded
- 1884 – Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology founded
- 1888 – Cambridge Daily News begins publication[20]
- 1890
- Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church consecrated
- Victoria Avenue Bridge built
- 1894 – Homerton College, a Congregationalist teacher training college, moves to Cambridge
- 1896 – Pye Ltd established as scientific instrument makers by W. G. Pye
- 1897 – Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria[21]
- 1899 – Westminster College, a Presbyterian theological college, moves to Cambridge
20th century
- 1901 – Population: 38,379[22]
- 1908 – Cambridge Town F.C. formed[23]
- 1912
- Cambridge United F.C. established as Abbey United
- University's Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences opens
- 1914 – Cambridge Street Tramways cease operation
- 1918 – First Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols held at King's College[24]
- c 1921 – Fitzbillies bakery opened by Ernest and Arthur Mason in Trumpington Street
- 1922 – War Memorial unveiled[25]
- 1923 – Jesus Green Swimming Pool opens
- 1928 – Cambridge Preservation Society founded[26]
- 1934 – New University Library completed
- 1938 – Cambridge Airport opens
- 1939 – London educational institutions evacuated to Cambridge: Queen Mary College to King's College (until 1945); London Hospital Medical College (until 1943) and The Bartlett (until 1945) to St Catharine's College; SOAS to Christ's College; London School of Economics to Peterhouse (until 1945); Bedford College to Newnham College (until 1944); and Barts to Queens' College (until 1946)[27]
- 1948 – First women admitted to study for full academic degrees in the University but have no associated privileges[28]
- 1949
- University's Cambridge Bibliographical Society founded[29]
- University of Cambridge's Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator begins operating
- 1951 – City charter granted[30]
- 1954 – Murray Edwards College for women founded as New Hall
- 1956 – Kettle's Yard established by Jim Ede
- 1957 – Twinned with Heidelberg
- 1958 – Churchill College established
- 1960 – Cambridge Consultants founded
- 1964
- Darwin College for graduates founded
- Cambridge Folk Festival begins
- 1965
- Lucy Cavendish College for mature women founded
- Wolfson College for mature students founded as University College
- 1966
- Clare Hall for graduates established
- Fitzwilliam College chartered as a college
- 1970
- February: Garden House riot
- Heffer's open a flagship bookshop in Trinity Street
- 1972
- Three previously all-male colleges of the University admit women undergraduates
- Cambridge Theological Federation formed[31]
- 1974
- First Strawberry Fair held[32]
- First Cambridge Beer Festival held
- 1975 – University's Cambridge Science Park founded[9]
- 1976
- Sancton Wood School founded
- First Andy's Records store opened in Mill Road
- 1977 – Robinson College founded
- 1989 – Cambridge Fun Run (footrace) begins
- 1990
- Royal Greenwich Observatory relocated to Cambridge from Herstmonceux Castle
- ARM Holdings established as Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
- 1992 – Anglia Ruskin University is established as a public university
- 1998 – Abcam established
21st century
- 2003 – University's Centre for Mathematical Sciences completed in West Cambridge
- 2006
- Local Plan 2006 (town planning) adopted[33][34]
- Cambridge International School established
- 2007 – The Centre for Computing History is established
- 2009 – Anne Jarvis becomes first woman University Librarian of the University of Cambridge
- 2010 – Homerton College chartered as a full college of the University of Cambridge
- 2011 – Phase One of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway opens[35]
- 2013 – North West Cambridge development planned
- 2016 – New global headquarters for AstraZeneca projected for completion
- 2017 – Cambridge North railway station opens[36]
- 2019 – Sonita Alleyne becomes the first black woman elected as head of an Oxbridge college, Master of Jesus
See also
References
- ^ a b Samantha Letters (2005), "Cambridgeshire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
- ^ a b Edmund Carter (1753). "Cambridge (town)". History of the County of Cambridge. Cambridge.
- ^ a b c d Alison Taylor, "Cambridge, the hidden history", (Tempus: 1999) ISBN 0752414364
- ^ "Mandeville, Geoffrey de".
- ^ a b George Henry Townsend (1867), "Cambridge", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- ^ "Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ^ "Mayoral history". Cambridge City Council. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.). The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Timeline: Cambridge through the Centuries". About the University. University of Cambridge. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l A.W. Holland, ed. (1904), "Cambridge Colleges and Halls", Oxford & Cambridge Yearbook, vol. 2: Cambridge, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.
- ^ Charles Edward Sayle, ed. (1902). "English Provinces: Cambridge". Early English Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge (1475 to 1640). Vol. 2: English Provincial Presses. Cambridge University Press. hdl:2027/njp.32101041573732. (chronological list)
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97.
- ^ "Cambridge history". Retrieved 7 June 2018.
- ^ a b Murphy, M. J. (1972). "Newspapers and Opinion in Cambridge, 1780–1850". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 6 (1): 35–55. JSTOR 41154513.
- ^ Cooper, Charles Henry (c. 1845). Annals of Cambridge. Vol. 4: 1688–1853. Cambridge: University Press.
- ^ Paul Kaufman (1967). "The Community Library: A Chapter in English Social History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 57 (7): 1–67. doi:10.2307/1006043. JSTOR 1006043.
- ^ Hurren, Elizabeth T. (2 May 2002). "Patients' rights: from Alder Hey to the Nuremberg Code". History & Policy. London; Cambridge. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ "Cambridge". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.
- ^ Jonathan R. Topham (1998). "Two Centuries of Cambridge Publishing and Bookselling: a Brief History of Deighton, Bell and Co., 1778–1998". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 11. JSTOR 41154875.
- ^ "Cambridge (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ Elizabeth Hammerton & David Cannadine (1981). "Conflict and Consensus on a Ceremonial Occasion: The Diamond Jubilee in Cambridge in 1897". Historical Journal. 24 (1): 111–146. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00008050. JSTOR 2638907. S2CID 159497291.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.
- ^ "Cambridge City FC's farewell to Milton Road". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ Nine lessons and carols: History of the service, King's College Chapel, archived from the original on 15 March 2008, retrieved 9 March 2008.
- ^ K. S. Inglis (1992). "The Homecoming: The War Memorial Movement in Cambridge, England". Journal of Contemporary History. 27 (4): 583–605. doi:10.1177/002200949202700402. JSTOR 260943. S2CID 159578581.
- ^ "Cambridge Past, Present & Future" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Association for Local History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
- ^ Woodward, Sarah (21 April 2023). "City of refuge". Cam (98). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Fact sheet: Women at Cambridge: A Chronology". University of Cambridge. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
- ^ "Cambridge Bibliographical Society". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ "The city of Cambridge – Modern history | A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3: The City and University of Cambridge (1959)". 1959. pp. 15–29. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ "Origins". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ Elliott, Chris (3 June 2017). "Four decades of Strawberry Fair". Cambridge News. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ "How it could have been". Cambridgeshire: Local History. BBC. February 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ "Local Plan 2006". Cambridge City Council. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ "Cambridgeshire guided busway opens to passengers". BBC News Online. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ "Delayed £50m Cambridge North railway station opens". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
Further reading
- Cambridge by M.A.R. Tuker in multiple formats at gutenberg.org
- Cantabrigia depicta. A concise and accurate description of the university and town of Cambridge, and its environs. Cambridge: W. Thurlbourn & J. Woodyer. 1763.
Published in the 19th century
1800s-1840s
- Robert Watt (1824). "Cambridge". Bibliotheca Britannica. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: A. Constable. hdl:2027/nyp.33433089888832. OCLC 961753.
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Cambridge". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Cambridge Guide. Cambridge: J. & J.J. Deighton. 1837.
- Charles Henry Cooper (1842–1908), Annals of Cambridge, Cambridge: University Press, OL 7034095M
- John Le Keux; Thomas Wright; Harry Longueville Jones (1847), Memorials of Cambridge, London: David Bogue, OL 7020615M + v.2
- Samuel Lewis (1848), "Cambridge", Topographical Dictionary of England (7th ed.), London: S. Lewis and Co.
1850s-1890s
- "Cambridge". Slater's Royal National and Commercial Directory and Topography of the Counties of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, and Suffolk. London: Isaac Slater. 1850.
- Pictorial Guide to Cambridge. Cambridge: John Hatt. 1853.
- George Measom (1865), "Cambridge", Official Illustrated Guide to the Great Eastern Railway, London: C. Griffin and Co.
- New Cambridge guide. Cambridge: W. Metcalfe. 1868.
- "Cambridge", Handbook for Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire (2nd ed.), London: J. Murray, 1875
- Spalding's street and general directory of Cambridge, 1878
- John Parker Anderson (1881), "Cambridgeshire: Cambridge", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell
- George Murray Humphry (1890). Guide to Cambridge: the town, university and colleges. Cambridge: Spalding.
- Thomas Dinham Atkinson (1897), Cambridge described and illustrated, London: Macmillan, OL 7049287M
- Charles Gross (1897). "Cambridge". Bibliography of British Municipal History. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.
Published in the 20th century
- 1900s-1940s
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.
- Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "Cambridge". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd.
- Arthur Gray (1908), The dual origin of the town of Cambridge, Cambridge: Cambridge Antiquarian Society, OCLC 14031217, OL 14005338M
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cambridge", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- John Willis Clark (1916), Concise Guide to the Town and University of Cambridge (5th ed.), Cambridge: Bowes and Bowes, OL 23290297M
- Mildred Anna Rosalie Tuker (1922), Cambridge, London: A. and C. Black, OL 7159514M
- Edward Godfrey Cox (1949). "Cambridge and Oxford". Reference Guide to the Literature of Travel. Vol. 3: Great Britain. Seattle: University of Washington. hdl:2027/mdp.39015049531448 – via Hathi Trust.
1950s-1990s
- J.P.C. Roach, ed. (1959), "City and University of Cambridge", History of the County of Cambridgeshire, Victoria County History, vol. 3, University of London, Institute of Historical Research
- Jeremy C. Mitchell & James Cornford (1977). "The Political Demography of Cambridge 1832–1868". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 9 (3): 242–272. doi:10.2307/4048348. JSTOR 4048348.
- Nigel Goose (1980). "Household Size and Structure in Early-Stuart Cambridge". Social History. 5 (3): 347–385. doi:10.1080/03071028008567485. JSTOR 4285009.
- James E. Bradley (1984). "Religion and Reform at the Polls: Nonconformity in Cambridge Politics, 1774–1784". Journal of British Studies. 23 (2): 55–78. doi:10.1086/385818. JSTOR 175427. S2CID 144581227.
- R.B. Dobson (1990–1992). "The Jews of Medieval Cambridge". Jewish Historical Studies. 32: 1–24. JSTOR 29779882.
- Nick Mansfield (1993). "Grads and Snobs: John Brown, Town and Gown in Early Nineteenth-Century Cambridge". History Workshop (35): 184–198. JSTOR 4289213.
- "Daytrips from London: Cambridge". London. Let's Go. 1993. p. 225+. ISBN 9780312082420.
- Nicola Morrison (1998). "The compact city: theory versus practice – the case of Cambridge". Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 13 (2): 157–179. doi:10.1007/BF02497227. JSTOR 41107742. S2CID 154424423.
- Wilkinson, Patrick, (1981) Le Keux's Engravings of Victorian Cambridge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) ISBN 9780521303507
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Cambridge.
- "Cambridgeshire", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester. Includes digitized directories of Cambridge, various dates
- Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Cambridge, various dates