Angan languages
| Angan | |
|---|---|
| Kratke Range | |
| Ethnicity | Angu people |
| Geographic distribution | Kratke Range, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea |
| Glottolog | anga1289 |
 Map: The Angan languages of New Guinea
The Angan languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm (1975) classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottlog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, pending further evidence.
The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.[1]
Languages
Ross (2005) classifies the languages as follows:[2][verify this is actually Ross's classification]
- Angan
- Angaatiha
- Angan proper (Nuclear Angan)
Branch A is defined by the pronouns 1sg ni and 2sg ti. Ankave is not listed in Ross's classification. It has the 1sg pronouns based on ni, but not a 2sg based on ti.
Usher (2020) is both more agnostic and contradicting of Ross's 'A' and 'B' branches:[3]
- Kratke Range
- Angaataha
- Yagwoia
- Northeast: Kamasa, Kawacha, Safeyoka, Susuami
- Northwest: Baruya (Yipma), Simbari
- Southeast: Hamtai (Kapau), Menya
- Southwest: Akoye (Lohiki) – Tainae (Ivori), Angave
Menya is notable for its dyadic kinship terms (terms referring to the relationship two or more people have to each other), which are rare globally and not prevalent in Papua New Guinea (though they also exist in the Oksapmin language).[4]
Pronouns
Ross (1995) reconstructs the pronouns (independent and object prefixes) as follows:[2]
sg du pl 1 *nə, *ni
*nə-*nʌ, *yʌi
*e(a)-*nʌi
*na-2 *gə, *ti
*gə-*kʌi *sʌi
*se-3 *gʌ
*u-/*w-?
(=3sg)*ku
(=3sg)
References
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ a b
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
- ^ NewGuineaWorld
- ^ The Oksapmin Kinship System Archived 2009-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 21, 2009.
| Authority control databases: National |
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