Windows-1251
| MIME / IANA | windows-1251 |
|---|---|
| Alias(es) | cp1251 (Code page 1251) |
| Language(s) | English, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic, Macedonian |
| Created by | Microsoft |
| Standard | WHATWG Encoding Standard |
| Classification | extended ASCII, Windows-125x |
| Other related encoding(s) | Amiga-1251, KZ-1048, RFC 1345's "ECMA-Cyrillic" |
Windows-1251 is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script such as Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic and other languages. It is the most widely used encoding for the Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian languages.[citation needed] As of April 2020[update], 1.0% of all (and 0.6% of top-1000[1]) websites use Windows-1251.[2][3] However, it is used by 10.9% of Russian (.ru) websites,[4] where it is the second most popular choice after UTF-8. In Linux, the encoding is known as cp1251.[5] IBM uses code page 1251 (CCSID 1251 and euro sign extended CCSID 5347) for Windows-1251.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Windows-1251 and KOI8-R (or its Ukrainian variant KOI8-U) are much more commonly used than ISO 8859-5 (which is "used by less than 0.1% of websites").[13] In contrast to Windows-1252 and ISO 8859-1, Windows-1251 is not closely related to ISO 8859-5.
Unicode is preferred to Windows-1251 or other Cyrillic encodings in modern applications, especially on the Internet, making UTF-8 the dominant encoding for web pages. (For further discussion of Unicode's complete coverage and how single-byte character encodings, such as Windows-1251 and KOI8-R, cannot provide this, see Cyrillic script in Unicode.)
Character set
The following table shows Windows-1251. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent and its decimal code.
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
Kazakh variant
An altered version of Windows-1251 was standardised in Kazakhstan as Kazakh standard STRK1048, and is known by the label KZ-1048. It differs in the rows shown below:
Amiga variant
| MIME / IANA | Amiga-1251 |
|---|---|
| Alias(es) | Ami1251 |
| Language(s) | English, Russian |
| Classification | extended ASCII |
| Based on | Windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-15 |
Russian Amiga OS systems used a version of code page 1251 which matches Windows-1251 for the Russian subset of the Cyrillic letters, but otherwise mostly follows ISO-8859-1. This version is known as Amiga-1251,[16] under which name it is registered with the IANA.[17]
Footnotes
- ^ Matching ISO-8859-15; at a different location than in Windows-1251.
- ^ Present in Windows-1251, but in a different location; absent from ISO-8859-1/15.
References
- ^ "Usage Survey of Character Encodings broken down by Ranking". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
- ^ "Historical trends in the usage of character encodings, April 2020". Retrieved 2020-01-01.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions".
- ^ "Distribution of Character Encodings among websites that use .ru". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ^ "cp1251(7) - Linux manual page". man7.org. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ^ "Code page 1251 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
- ^ "CCSID 1251 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ "CCSID 5347 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
- ^ Code Page CPGID 01251 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
- ^ Code Page CPGID 01251 (txt), IBM
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1251_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5347_P100-1998.ucm, 2002-12-03
- ^ "Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites". w3techs.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-13.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 2011-02-20 suggested (help) - ^ Steele, Shawn (1998). CP1251 to Unicode table. Unicode Consortium. CP1251.TXT.
- ^ Whistler, Ken (2007). KZ-1048 to Unicode. Unicode Consortium. KZ1048.TXT.
- ^ a b Malyshev, Michael (2003). "Amiga-1251 to Unicode table". Registration of new charset [Amiga-1251]. IANA.
- ^ "Character Sets". IANA.
Further reading
- Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". Retrieved 2020-06-24.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links
- Windows 1251 reference chart[dead link]
- IANA Charset Name Registration
- Unicode mappings of windows 1251 with "best fit"
- Universal Cyrillic decoder, an online program that may help recovering unreadable Cyrillic texts with broken Windows-1251 or other character encodings.
| Early telecommunications | |
|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 8859 |
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| Bibliographic use | |
| National standards | |
| ISO/IEC 2022 | |
| Mac OS Code pages ("scripts") | |
| DOS code pages | |
| IBM AIX code pages | |
| Windows code pages | |
| EBCDIC code pages | |
| DEC terminals (VTx) | |
| Platform specific |
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| Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646 | |
| TeX typesetting system | |
| Miscellaneous code pages | |
| Control character | |
| Related topics | |
