List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works
The British author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and the names of fictional characters and places he invented for his legendarium have become the namesake of various things around the world, including street names, mountains, companies, species of animals and plants, and other notable objects.
Astronomy
- The asteroids 2991 Bilbo and 2675 Tolkien were both discovered and named in 1982.[1][2]
- The Kuiper Belt object 385446 Manwë and its moon Thorondor were discovered in 2003.
- The trans-Neptunian object 174567 Varda and its moon Ilmarë were discovered in 2006 and 2011 (respectively) and named in 2014.
- The mars-crossing asteroid 378214 Sauron was discovered in 2007.
- Mordor is the unofficial name of a large dark area near the north pole of Charon, Pluto's largest moon.[3][4] It is named after the shadow lands in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, which it strongly resembles in shape. The discovery team has been using the name informally and may submit it to the International Astronomical Union.[5]
- Several astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and an entire galaxy have been nicknamed after the Eye of Sauron.
Geography of Titan
By convention, certain classes of features on Saturn's moon Titan are named after elements from Middle-earth.[6] Colles (small hills or knobs) are named for characters,[7] while montes (mountains) are named for mountains of Middle-earth.[8]
Colles
Collis[7] | Coordinates | Diameter (km) | Named after |
---|---|---|---|
Arwen Colles | 7°30′S 250°00′W / 7.5°S 250.0°W | 64 | Arwen, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Bilbo Colles | 4°12′S 38°36′W / 4.2°S 38.6°W | 164 | Bilbo Baggins, titular character of The Hobbit |
Faramir Colles | 4°00′N 153°48′W / 4.0°N 153.8°W | 82 | Faramir, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Gandalf Colles | 14°36′N 209°30′W / 14.6°N 209.5°W | 102 | Gandalf, character from The Lord of the Rings |
Handir Colles | 10°00′N 356°42′W / 10.0°N 356.7°W | 100 | Handir, character from The Silmarillion |
Nimloth Colles | 11°54′N 151°18′W / 11.9°N 151.3°W | 90 | Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Middle-earth |
Montes
Companies and other entities
- Iron Crown Enterprises produces role playing, board, miniature, and collectible card games since 1980. Many of ICE’s better-known products were related to Tolkien’s world of Middle-earth. It was named after the crown worn by Morgoth.[9]
- Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a trading name for a division of The Saul Zaentz Company, located in Berkeley, California. The company owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works: The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. These elements include the titles of the works, the names of characters contained within as well as the names of places, objects and events within them, and certain short phrases and sayings from the works.[10]
- Palantir Technologies is a private American software and services company, specializing in data analysis. Named after the crystal balls from Tolkien's legendarium, Palantir's original clients were federal agencies of the United States Intelligence Community like CIA and NSA.[11]
- Lembas Capital is a San Francisco-based investment firm named after the Elven waybread that appears in The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. The company invests in both public equity and private equity.[12]
- The Tolkien Estate is the legal body which manages the property of J. R. R. Tolkien, including the copyright in his works. The individual copyrights have for the most part been assigned by the Estate to subsidiary entities such as the J. R. R. Tolkien Discretionary Settlement and The Tolkien Trust.[13][14]
- Anduril Industries[15]
- Mithril, a decentralized social media platform[16]
- The Rivendell Winery operated from 1987 to December 2008 in New York's Hudson River Valley; in 2003 Rivendell's 2003 Dry Riesling captured the Governor’s Cup at the 19th annual New York Wine and Food Classic.[17]
Mountains
- Three mountains in the Cadwallader Range of British Columbia, Canada, have been named after Tolkien's characters. These are Mount Shadowfax, Mount Gandalf and Mount Aragorn.[18][19]
- On 1 December 2012, it was announced in the New Zealand press that a bid was launched for the New Zealand Geographic Board to name a mountain peak near Milford Sound after Tolkien for historical and literary reasons and to mark Tolkien's 121st birthday.[20]
Music
The new-age group Shadowfax took its name from Gandalf the White's horse named Shadowfax.
Ships
A gaff-topsail schooner of Netherlands registry used for passenger cruises on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European waters was named J.R. Tolkien in 1998.
Street names and places
The "Tolkien Road" in Eastbourne, East Sussex, was named after Tolkien whereas the "Tolkien Way" in Stoke-on-Trent is named after Tolkien's eldest son, Fr. John Francis Tolkien, who was the priest in charge at the nearby Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels and St. Peter in Chains.[21] In the Hall Green and Moseley areas of Birmingham there are a number of parks and walkways dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien—most notably, the Millstream Way and Moseley Bog.[22] Collectively the parks are known as the Shire Country Parks.[22] In the Dutch town of Geldrop, near Eindhoven, the streets of an entire new neighbourhood are named after Tolkien himself ("Laan van Tolkien") and some of the best-known characters from his books. Also in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England there are a collection of roads in the 'Weston Village' named after locales of Middle Earth, namely Hobbiton Road, Bree Close, Arnor Close, Rivendell, Westmarch Way and Buckland Green.
In the Silicon Valley towns of Saratoga and San Jose in California, there are two housing developments with street names drawn from Tolkien's works. About a dozen Tolkien-derived street names also appear scattered throughout the town of Lake Forest, California. The Columbia, Maryland, neighbourhood of Hobbit's Glen and its street names (including Rivendell Lane, Tooks Way, and Oakenshield Circle) come from Tolkien's works.[23] The city of Carlsbad, California has a street named Tolkien Way.[citation needed] The Bend, Oregon housing development Forest Creek (formerly "The Shire") features the Tolkien-inspired names Ring Bearer Court, Shire Lane, and Wizard Lane.
Taxonomy
It has been noted that "Tolkien has been accorded formal taxonomic commemoration like no other author."[24] In the field of taxonomy, over 80 taxa (genera and species) have been given scientific names honouring, or deriving from, characters or other fictional elements from The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and other works set in Middle-earth.[11] Several taxa have been named after the character Gollum (also known as Sméagol), as well as for various hobbits, the small humanlike creatures such as Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Various elves, dwarves, and other creatures that appear in his writings as well as Tolkien himself have been honoured in the names of several species, including the amphipod Leucothoe tolkieni, and the wasp Shireplitis tolkieni. In 2004, the extinct hominid Homo floresiensis was described, and quickly earned the nickname "hobbit" due to its small size.[25] In 1978, paleontologist Leigh Van Valen named over 20 taxa of extinct mammals after Tolkien lore in a single paper.[26][27] In 1999, entomologist Lauri Kaila described 48 new species of Elachista moths and named 37 of them after Tolkien mythology.[11][28] The entomologist Karl-Johan Hedqvist, also a fan of Tolkien, named several wasp genera after Tolkien's characters.[29]
See also
Notes
References
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- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2675 Tolkien (1982 GB)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
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- ^ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Mons, Montes". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved 28 February 2016.
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- ^ Gee 2004, p. 55
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Kaila, Lauri (1999). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Elachista s.l. III. The bifasciella, praelineata, saccharella and freyerella groups (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae)". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 211: 1–235.
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- ^ Stanley, Edward L.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Jackman, Todd R.; Branch, William R.; Mouton, P. Le Fras N. (2011). "Between a rock and a hard polytomy: Rapid radiation in the rupicolous girdled lizards (Squamata: Cordylidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (1): 53–70. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.024. PMID 20816817.
- ^ Climo, F. M. (1980). "Smeagolida, a new order of gymnomorph mollusc from New Zealand based on a new genus and species". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 7 (4): 513–522. doi:10.1080/03014223.1980.11760683.
- ^ Helgen, K.; Bonaccorso, F. (2008). "Syconycteris hobbit". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T21183A9246881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T21183A9246881.en.
- ^ Faúndez, Eduardo (23 December 2015). "New giant Stink Bug Named after J. R. R. Tolkien's Ancalagon the Black". Entomological Society of America. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ^ a b Hita Garcia, Francisco; Fisher, Brian L. (19 December 2012). The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—taxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups (PDF). pp. 1–85. ISBN 978-1-77557-073-8. ISSN 1175-5334.
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ignored (help) - ^ Rosser, Thomas G.; Alberson, Neely R.; Baumgartner, Wes A.; Mauel, Michael J.; Pote, Linda M.; Griffin, Matt J. (2016). "Morphological, Histological, and Molecular Description of Unicauda fimbrethilae n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the Intestinal Tract of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus". Journal of Parasitology. 102 (1): 105–113. doi:10.1645/15-810. PMID 26377372.
- ^ Vera, Ezequiel Ignacio (2013). "New cyathealean tree fern, Yavanna chimaerica gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Livingston Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 44: 214–222. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.04.011.
- Works cited
- Gee, Henry (2004). The Science of Middle-earth (1st ed.). Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Press. ISBN 978-1593600235.
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(help) - Larsen, Kristine (2007). "SAURON, Mount Doom, and Elvish Moths: The Influence of Tolkien on Modern Science". Tolkien Studies. 4 (1): 223–234. doi:10.1353/tks.2007.0024.
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