Timeline of the Karluks
This is a timeline of the Karluks. The Kara-Khanid Khanate is also included, however it is disputed whether the Karluks or Yagmas were the dominant group within the khanate.
7th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 600 | Karluks migrate into Tokharistan[1] |
8th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 742 | The Karluks, Basmyls, and Uyghurs revolt against the Second Turkic Khaganate and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan is killed[2] | |
| 745 | Hostilities between the Uyghurs and Karluks force the Karluks to migrate west into Zhetysu[2] | |
| 751 | Battle of Talas: Karluks switch sides from the Tang dynasty to the Abbasids, resulting in Tang defeat[2] | |
| 766 | Karluks annex the Turgesh in Zhetysu[3] | |
| 791 | Karluks attack Beshbalik but are defeated by Uyghurs[4] |
9th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 821 | Uyghurs invade Karluk territory and steal considerable booty[4] | |
| 839 | Nuh ibn Asad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and captures Sayram[5] | |
| 840 | Uyghur Khaganate falls and Bilge Kul Qadir Khan of the Karluks declares himself khagan of the Kara-Khanid Khanate[5] | |
| 893 | Isma'il ibn Ahmad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and conquers Taraz[5] | |
| Bilge Kul Qadir Khan dies and Bazir Arslan Khan succeeds him |
10th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 920 | Bazir Arslan Khan dies and his brother Oghulcak Khan succeeds him | |
| 932 | The future Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converts to Islam | |
| 940 | Oghulcak Khan dies and Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan succeeds him | |
| 955 | Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan dies and Musa Bughra Khan succeeds him | |
| 958 | Musa Bughra Khan dies and Suleyman Arslan Khan succeeds him | |
| 970 | Suleyman Arslan Khan dies and Ali Arslan Khan succeeds him | |
| 976 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Ilaq[6] | |
| 980 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Kashgar[7] | |
| 990 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Sayram (city)[6] | |
| 991 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Fergana[8] | |
| 992 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara but immediately loses it again to the Samanids[9] | |
| 996 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Chach[9] | |
| 997 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Samarkand[9] | |
| 998 | Ali Arslan Khan dies and Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan succeeds him | |
| 999 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara[6] |
11th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1006 | Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Khotan[10] | |
| 1008 | Kara-Khanid Khanate attacks the Ghaznavids but is defeated[10] | |
| 1017 | Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan dies and Mansur Arslan Khan succeeds him | |
| Liao dynasty attacks the Kara-Khanid Khanate but is repulsed[11] | ||
| 1024 | Mansur Arslan Khan dies and Muhammad Toghan Khan succeeds him | |
| 1020 | Ali-Tegin, brother of Yusuf Qadir Khan, seizes Bukhara and occupies Sogdia | |
| 1024 | Ali-Tegin is defeated Yusuf Qadir Khan but recaptures his former territories after his enemies retreat | |
| 1026 | Muhammad Toghan Khan dies and Yusuf Qadir Khan succeeds him | |
| 1032 | Battle of Dabusiyya: Altun Tash of the Ghaznavids attacks Ali-Tegin and the battle ends inconclusively | |
| Yusuf Qadir Khan dies | ||
| 1034 | Ali-Tegin dies and Ebu Shuca Sulayman succeeds him | |
| 1042 | The Kara-Khanid Khanate splits into eastern and western branches - Ebu Shuca Sulayman continues to control the Eastern Karakhanids while Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan controls the Western Karakhanids | |
| 1050 | Eastern Karakhanids conquer Kucha and Qiemo[10] | |
| 1052 | Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Böritigin succeeds him | |
| 1056 | Ebu Shuca Sulayman of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin Yusuph succeeds him | |
| 1057 | Muhammad bin Yusuph of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan succeeds him | |
| 1059 | İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Mahmud succeeds him | |
| 1068 | Böritigin of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr Shams al-Mulk succeeds him | |
| 1075 | İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Umar succeeds him, and Ebu Ali el-Hasan succeeds him | |
| 1080 | Nasr Shams al-Mulk of the Western Karakhanids dies and Khidr succeeds him | |
| 1081 | Khidr of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ahmad succeeds him | |
| 1089 | Seljuk Empire conquers Bukhara and Samarkand and vassalizes the Kara-Khanid Khanate | |
| Ahmad of the Western Karakhanids is restored to power but is killed by the ulama and Ya'qub Qadir Khan succeeds him | ||
| 1095 | Ya'qub Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud succeeds him | |
| 1097 | Mas'ud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Sulayman Qadir Tamghach succeeds him, and Mahmud Arslan Khan succeeds him | |
| 1099 | Mahmud Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Jibrail Arslan Khan succeeds him |
12th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1102 | Jibrail Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Arslan Khan succeeds him | |
| Ebu Ali el-Hasan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ahmad Khan succeeds him | ||
| 1128 | Ahmad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Ahmad succeeds him | |
| 1129 | Muhammad Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr succeeds him, and Ahmad Qadir Khan succeeds him | |
| 1130 | Ahmad Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya succeeds him | |
| Seljuk Empire conquers Samarkand[12] | ||
| 1132 | Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Rukn ad-Dunya succeeds him, and Mahmud succeeds him | |
| 1133 | Qara Khitai conquers Balasagun[13] | |
| 1137 | Western Karakhanids are defeated by Qara Khitai at Khujand[13] | |
| 1141 | Battle of Qatwan: The Qara Khitai defeat the Seljuk Empire and vassalizes the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Kingdom of Qocho, and the Kara-Khanid Khanate[13] | |
| Mahmud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Tabghach Khan succeeds him | ||
| 1156 | Ibrahim Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud Tabghach Khan succeeds him | |
| 1158 | İbrahim bin Ahmad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin İbrahim succeeds him | |
| 1160 | Western Kharakhanids conquer Balkh[14] | |
| 1171 | Mas'ud Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Tabghach Khan succeeds him | |
| 1178 | Muhammad Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Arslan Khan succeeds him |
13th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1204 | Qara Khitai and Karakhanid troops aid Khwarazmian dynasty in fighting the Ghurid dynasty[15] | |
| Ibrahim Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Uthman Ulugh Sultan succeeds him | ||
| 1205 | Yusuph bin Muhammad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ebul Feth Muhammad succeeds him | |
| 1211 | Eastern Karakhanids are eliminated in a revolt in Kashgar | |
| 1212 | Muhammad II of Khwarezm annexes the Western Karakhanids[15] |
References
- ^ Bregel 2003, p. 16.
- ^ a b c Bregel 2003, p. 18.
- ^ Asimov 1998, p. 33.
- ^ a b Golden 1992, p. 198.
- ^ a b c Bregel 2003, p. 20.
- ^ a b c Bregel 2003, p. 22.
- ^ Bregel 2003, p. 23.
- ^ Davidovich 1998, p. 121.
- ^ a b c Davidovich 1998, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Bregel 2003, p. 26.
- ^ Grousset 2004, p. 133.
- ^ Davidovich 1998, p. 131.
- ^ a b c Bregel 2003, p. 30.
- ^ Bregel 2003, p. 32.
- ^ a b Bregel 2003, p. 34.
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