List of prime ministers of Italy
The Prime Minister of Italy, officially President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the political leader of Italy since 1861. The Chigi Palace in Rome is the official residence of the Prime Minister.[1]
The Prime Minister is the President of the Council of Ministers (which holds effective executive power) and must receive a vote of approval from it to execute most political activities. The office is similar to those in most other parliamentary systems, but the leader of the Italian government is not authorized to request the dissolution of the Parliament or to dismiss ministers.
The office was established by Articles 92 through to 96 of the current Constitution of Italy. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Republic after each general election. Commonly referred to in Italy as Premier, the right title of the office holder is President of the Council of Ministers, or just President of the Council. The formal Italian order of precedence lists the office as being ceremonially the fourth most important Italian state office.
History
The office was first established in 1848 in Italy's predecessor state, the Kingdom of Sardinia, although it was not mentioned in the constitution, the Albertine Statute. The candidate for office was appointed by the king and presided over a very unstable political system. In its first 60 years of existence (1861–1921), Italy changed its prime minister 37 times. Regarding this situation, the first goal of Benito Mussolini, appointed in 1922, was to abolish the Parliament's ability to put him to a vote of no confidence, thus basing his power on the will of the king and the National Fascist Party alone. With the proclamation of the Italian Republic in 1946, the office received constitutional recognition and 29 men assumed the office in 73 years.
Prime Ministers of Italy
Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Parties:
- 1861–1912:
- 1912–1922:
- 1922–1943:
- 1943–1946:
Coalitions:
- 1861–1912:
- 1912–1924:
- 1924–1943:
- 1943–1946:
Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)
Parties:
- 1946–1994:
- 1994–present
Coalitions:
- 1946–1994:
- 1994–present:
N. | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Composition | Legislature | President | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
(30) | Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) |
13 July 1946 |
2 February 1947 |
7 years, 38 days | rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;"| | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi II | National Liberation Committee (DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI) |
Constituent Assembly (1946) |
Enrico De Nicola (1946–1948) | |
2 February 1947 |
31 May 1947 |
De Gasperi III | National Liberation Committee (DC • PSI • PCI • PDL) | ||||||||
31 May 1947 |
23 May 1948 |
De Gasperi IV | Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI) | ||||||||
23 May 1948 |
27 January 1950 |
De Gasperi V | I (1948) |
Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955) | |||||||
27 January 1950 |
26 July 1951 |
De Gasperi VI | Centrism (DC • PSDI • PRI) | ||||||||
26 July 1951 |
16 July 1953 |
De Gasperi VII | Centrism (DC • PRI) | ||||||||
16 July 1953 |
17 August 1953 |
De Gasperi VIII[a] | DC | II (1953) | |||||||
31 | Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981) |
17 August 1953 |
18 January 1954 |
154 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Pella | DC | |||
32 | Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
18 January 1954 |
10 February 1954 |
23 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Fanfani I[a] | DC | |||
33 | Mario Scelba (1901–1991) |
10 February 1954 |
6 July 1955 |
1 year, 146 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Scelba | Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI) | |||
34 | Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
6 July 1955 |
19 May 1957 |
1 year, 317 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Segni I | Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI) |
Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962) | ||
35 | Adone Zoli (1887–1960) |
19 May 1957 |
1 July 1958 |
1 year, 43 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Zoli | DC | |||
(32) | Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
1 July 1958 |
16 February 1959 |
230 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Fanfani II | Centrism (DC • PSDI) |
III (1958) | ||
(34) | Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
16 February 1959 |
25 March 1960 |
1 year, 38 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Segni II | DC with MSI, PLI, PNM and PMP's external support | |||
36 | Fernando Tambroni (1901–1963) |
25 March 1960 |
26 July 1960 |
123 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Tambroni | DC with MSI's external support | |||
(32) | Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
26 July 1960 |
21 February 1962 |
2 years, 330 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Fanfani III | DC with PSDI, PLI, and PRI's external support | |||
21 February 1962 |
21 June 1963 |
Fanfani IV | DC • PSDI • PRI with PSI's external support |
Antonio Segni (1962–1964) | |||||||
37 | Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
21 June 1963 |
4 December 1963 |
166 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Leone I | DC | IV (1963) | ||
38 | Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
4 December 1963 |
22 July 1964 |
4 years, 203 days | rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Moro I | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI) | |||
22 July 1964 |
23 February 1966 |
Moro II | Giuseppe Saragat (1964–1971) | ||||||||
23 February 1966 |
24 June 1968 |
Moro III | |||||||||
(37) | Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
24 June 1968 |
12 December 1968 |
171 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Leone II | DC with PSU and PRI's external support |
V (1968) | ||
39 | Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
12 December 1968 |
5 August 1969 |
1 year, 237 days | rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Rumor I | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSU • PRI) | |||
5 August 1969 |
27 March 1970 |
Rumor II | DC with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support | ||||||||
27 March 1970 |
6 August 1970 |
Rumor III | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI) | ||||||||
40 | Emilio Colombo (1920–2013) |
6 August 1970 |
17 February 1972 |
1 year, 195 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Colombo | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI) | |||
41 | Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
17 February 1972 |
26 June 1972 |
1 year, 140 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Andreotti I[a] | DC | Giovanni Leone (1971–1978) | ||
26 June 1972 |
7 July 1973 |
Andreotti II | DC • PSDI • PLI with PRI's external support |
VI (1972) | |||||||
(39) | Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
7 July 1973 |
14 March 1974 |
1 year, 139 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Rumor IV | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI) | |||
14 March 1974 |
23 November 1974 |
Rumor V | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI) with PRI's external support | ||||||||
(38) | Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
23 November 1974 |
12 February 1976 |
1 year, 249 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Moro IV | DC • PRI with PSI and PSDI's external support | |||
12 February 1976 |
29 July 1976 |
Moro V | DC with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support | ||||||||
(41) | Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
29 July 1976 |
11 March 1978 |
3 years, 6 days | rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Andreotti III | Historic Compromise (DC with PCI's external support) |
VII (1976) | ||
11 March 1978 |
20 March 1979 |
Andreotti IV | Sandro Pertini (1978–1985) | ||||||||
20 March 1979 |
4 August 1979 |
Andreotti V[a] | DC • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
42 | Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010) |
4 August 1979 |
4 April 1980 |
1 year, 75 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Cossiga I | DC • PSDI • PLI with PSI and PRI's external support |
VIII (1979) | ||
4 April 1980 |
18 October 1980 |
Cossiga II | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PRI) | ||||||||
43 | Arnaldo Forlani (1925–) |
18 October 1980 |
28 June 1981 |
253 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Forlani | Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI) | |||
44 | Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994) |
28 June 1981 |
23 August 1982 |
1 year, 156 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Italian Republican Party/meta/color;" | | Italian Republican Party | Spadolini I | Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI) | |||
23 August 1982 |
1 December 1982 |
Spadolini II | |||||||||
(32) | Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
1 December 1982 |
4 August 1983 |
246 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Fanfani V | DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI with PRI's external support | |||
45 | Bettino Craxi (1934–2000) |
4 August 1983 |
1 August 1986 |
3 years, 257 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color;" | | Italian Socialist Party | Craxi I | Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI) |
IX (1983) | ||
1 August 1986 |
18 April 1987 |
Craxi II | Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992) | ||||||||
(32) | Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
18 April 1987 |
29 July 1987 |
102 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Fanfani VI[a] | DC | |||
46 | Giovanni Goria (1943–1994) |
29 July 1987 |
13 April 1988 |
259 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Goria | Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI) |
X (1987) | ||
47 | Ciriaco De Mita (1928–) |
13 April 1988 |
22 July 1989 |
1 year, 100 days | style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | De Mita | Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI) | |||
(41) | Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
22 July 1989 |
12 April 1991 |
2 years, 342 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Christian Democracy | Andreotti VI | Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI) | |||
12 April 1991 |
28 June 1992 |
Andreotti VII | Quadripartito (DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI) | ||||||||
48 | Giuliano Amato (1938–) |
28 June 1992 |
28 April 1993 |
304 days | style="background:Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color;" | | Italian Socialist Party | Amato I | Quadripartito (DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI) |
XI (1992) |
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999) | |
49 | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016) |
28 April 1993 |
10 May 1994 |
1 year, 12 days | style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;" | | Independent | Ciampi | DC • PSI • PDS • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV | |||
50 | Silvio Berlusconi (1936–) |
10 May 1994 |
17 January 1995 |
252 days | style="background:Template:Forza Italia/meta/color;" | | Forza Italia | Berlusconi I | PdL–PBG (FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC) |
XII (1994) | ||
51 | Lamberto Dini (1931–) |
17 January 1995 |
17 May 1996 |
1 year, 121 days | style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;" | | Independent | Dini | Independents (supported by PDS, LN, PPI, PSI, FdV, Rete, CS) | |||
52 | Romano Prodi (1939–) |
17 May 1996 |
21 October 1998 |
2 years, 157 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | The Olive Tree (Independent) |
Prodi I | The Olive Tree (PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD) with PRC's external support |
XIII (1996) | ||
53 | Massimo D'Alema (1949–) |
21 October 1998 |
22 December 1999 |
1 year, 187 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | The Olive Tree (DS) |
D'Alema I | The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • RI • SDI • FdV • PdCI • UDR) | |||
22 December 1999 |
25 April 2000 |
D'Alema II | The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • Dem • RI • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR) |
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) | |||||||
(48) | Giuliano Amato (1938–) |
25 April 2000 |
11 June 2001 |
1 year, 47 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | The Olive Tree (Independent) |
Amato II | The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI) | |||
(50) | Silvio Berlusconi (1936–) |
11 June 2001 |
23 April 2005 |
4 years, 340 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Forza Italia/meta/color;" | | Forza Italia | Berlusconi II | House of Freedoms (FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI) |
XIV (2001) | ||
23 April 2005 |
17 May 2006 |
Berlusconi III | |||||||||
(52) | Romano Prodi (1939–) |
17 May 2006 |
8 May 2008 |
1 year, 357 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | The Olive Tree / Democratic Party |
Prodi II | The Union (DS • DL • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR) |
XV (2006) |
Giorgio Napolitano (2006–2015) | |
(50) | Silvio Berlusconi (1936–) |
8 May 2008 |
16 November 2011 |
3 years, 192 days | style="background:Template:The People of Freedom/meta/color;" | | The People of Freedom | Berlusconi IV | Centre-right coalition (PdL • LN • MpA) |
XVI (2008) | ||
54 | Mario Monti (1943–) |
16 November 2011 |
28 April 2013 |
1 year, 163 days | style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;" | | Independent | Monti | Independents (supported by PdL, PD, UdC, FLI, ApI) | |||
55 | Enrico Letta (1966–) |
28 April 2013 |
22 February 2014 |
300 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Democratic Party | Letta | PD • PdL[b] • NCD[c] • SC • PpI • UdC • RI | XVII (2013) | ||
56 | Matteo Renzi (1975–) |
22 February 2014 |
12 December 2016 |
2 years, 294 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Democratic Party | Renzi | PD • NCD • SC • UdC | Sergio Mattarella (2015–) | ||
57 | Paolo Gentiloni (1954–) |
12 December 2016 |
1 June 2018 |
1 year, 171 days | style="background:Template:Democratic Party (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Democratic Party | Gentiloni | PD • NCD/AP • CpE | |||
58 | Giuseppe Conte (1964–) |
1 June 2018 |
5 September 2019 |
5 years, 356 days | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;" | | Independent | Conte I | M5S • Lega | XVIII (2018) | ||
5 September 2019 |
Incumbent | Conte II | M5S • PD • LeU • IV[d] |
Timeline
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Italian Republic (1946–present)
Living former Prime Ministers of Italy
See also
- Prime Minister of Italy
- List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office
- Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
- Lists of incumbents
- Politics of Italy
References
Bibliography
- Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in Italian). CEN.
- Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in Italian). Giuffrè.
- Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848-1948) (in Italian). Giuffrè.
- Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in Italian). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.