Banknotes of the Indonesian rupiah

Republic of Indonesia - 1 rupiah (1945, first year of issue)

Netherlands Indies (Indonesia) De Javasche Bank - 5 Gulden (1866, first year resuming issue)

Netherlands Indies (Indonesia) De Javasche Bank-5 Gulden (1937).

The first paper money (banknotes) used in the Indonesian archipelago was that of the United East Indies Company, credit letters of the rijksdaalder dating between 1783 and 1811. Netherlands Indian gulden government credit paper followed in 1815, and from 1827 to 1842^[1] and again from 1866 to 1948^[2] gulden notes of De Javasche Bank. Lower denominations (below 5 gulden) were issued by the government in 1919–1920 and 1939–1940, due to wartime metal shortages, but otherwise day-to-day transactions were conducted using coinage.

Gulden notes were issued by 'The Japanese Government' during the occupation from 1942, becoming 'roepiah' in 1943.

The first truly Indonesian rupiah notes, however were issued in 1946, during the war of independence with the Dutch, following the unilateral declaration of independence by the Indonesians at the end of World War Two on 17 August 1945. This money is known as 'Oeang Republik Indonesia' ('oeang' being the old spelling of 'uang', in English 'money').

Following the negotiated peace treaty in The Hague of 1949, the 'ORI' was withdrawn, to be replaced by an internationally recognised 'Indonesian rupiah'.

The Indonesian rupiah has been subject to numerous devaluations, and in 1965 existing paper was withdrawn, replaced by a new currency at the rate of 1000 to 1.

Money around independence year

Series 1, '1945'

The first 'Indonesian rupiah' bank notes bore the date of the proclamation on new Indonesian money, 17 October 1945, under the authority of the "Republik Indonesia", and were apparently intended for issue on 1 February 1946, but due to the capture of most of the notes, only a tiny number escaped at this time.

The circulation began in earnest in Java from 10 October 1946. The notes were in denominations of 1, 5, and 10 sen notes, plus ½, 1, 5, 10, and 100 rupiah notes.^[3]

1945 Republik Indonesia series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main colour	Description				Date of			Remarks
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Serial	printing	issue	withdrawal
		1 sen	97 × 45 mm	Green	Keris	Legal text with wings	None	None	1946	10 October 1946	1 May 1950	Violet underprint
												Green underprint
		5 sen	100 × 49 mm	Violet	Various leaves	Legal text with wings						Buffalo underprint (strong)
				Dark blue								Buffalo underprint (faint)
		10 sen	105 × 51 mm	Black	Keris and machete underprint	Legal text						Narrow borders
				Brown
												Wide borders
		1/2 rupiah	119 × 58 mm	Green	Horned motif	Legal text		Six numbers two letters [01234]nnnnn [LMNPRST] [PRTUVWX]				Pink underprint
												Orange underprint
		1 rupiah	138 × 65 mm	Blue	Sukarno, volcano	Volcano, legal text		Some without serial, some with six-digit, two-letter serial (1st letter is check code), some with simple two letter code
		5 rupiah	148 × 71 mm	Green	Rice stalk, Sukarno	Rikce stalks, legal text		Six numbers, two letters, first letter is check code; two different serial printing styles
		10 rupiah	160 × 77 mm	Blue	Sukarno, volcano	Legal text		Six numbers, two letters, or Six numbers, three letters. First letter is check code. Several serial printing styles
		100 rupiah	174 × 86 mm	Blue/green	Sukarno, keris, horns	Legal text, horned '100'		Five numbers, two letters, first letter is check code.
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Series 2, '1 January 1947'

The second series of money now emanated from 'Djokjakarta', the Republic's base following the 'Police Action' of 21 July 1947, which had confined the Republicans to Yogyakarta and Central Java. The notes were dated 1 January 1947, in denominations of 5, 10, 25, and 100 rupiah.^[4]

1947 First Issue (1 January 1947)
Note	Value
	5 rupiah
	10 rupiah
	25 rupiah
	100 rupiah

Series 3, '26 July 1947'

The next new issue was dated 26 July 1947, and consisted of ½, 2½, 25, 50, 100, and 250 rupiah notes.^[5]

Series 4, '23 August 1948'

New notes were issued by the national government in 1948, in the bizarre denominations of 40, 75, 100, and 400 rupiah, plus an unissued 600 rupiah note.^[6]

On 19 December 1948, the Dutch seized Yogyakarta, reverting the head office of the then-Republic's central bank Bank Negara Indonesia back to De Javasche Bank, with DJB offices also reopened in Surakarta and Kediri.^[7]

It was planned in 1949 to revalue the national rupiah notes of the republic (which were at this time circulating in Java). To do this, "rupiah baru" ('new rupiah') notes were printed. This revaluation did not take place in Java, but some were issued in Aceh instead. The denominations printed were 10 sen (blue or red), ½ (green or red), 1 (purple or green), 10 (black or brown), 25, and 100 rupiah.^[8]

Regional Issues

In addition to the 'national' (but restricted in practice to the central republican enclave in Java) notes, the republican authorities, to discourage the circulation of Dutch money, instructed regional commanders in areas that the national money couldn't reach, to issue their own money, to be unified after full independence.

Java

The notes issued in Java generally featured text, a signature, and a serial number, all issued on low-grade paper without modern security features such as watermarks, and demonstrated few similarities between areas. Only in a few areas did the notes have any pictures on them.

1 and 5 rupiah notes of 'Daerah Kota Blitar' (the region of the town of Blitar, East Java) dated 6 August 1948.
1/2, 1, 5, and 10 rupiah notes of 'Daerah Bodjonegoro' (the region of Bojonegoro, East Java) dated 15 November 1948.
2½, 5 and 10 rupiah notes of 'Dearah Istimewa Jogjakarta' (the special region (Sultanate) of Yogyakarta, Central Java), dated 10 November 1948.
5 rupiah notes of 'Kota Kediri' (the town of Kediri, East Java), dated 5 August 1948
2½, 5 and 10 rupiah notes of 'Daerah Karesidenan Kediri' (the Kediri Residency), dated 16 October 1948
1, 2½, 5, 10 rupiah notes of 'Daerah Kota Madiun', (the region of Madiun town, East Java) dated 1 September 1948
2½ and 5 rupiah notes of Magelang Residency, Central Java dated 1 August 1948 and also dated 25 October 1948
1, 2½, 5 and 10 rupiah notes of Magetan Residency, East Java, 17 September 1948
1/2, 1, 5 and 10 rupiah notes of Patjitan Residency, East Java, 1948
1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 rupiah notes of Serang, Banten Residency, West Java, 15 December 1947
1, 2½ and 5 rupiah notes of Surakarta Residency, Central Java, 1 November 1948, and 5, 10 and 25 rupiah of 1 November 1949
5 rupiah notes of Cepu region, 17 August 1948

Sumatra

As with the Java notes, the Sumatran notes are all primitive lacking security feature printed on poor-quality paper. In most cases they have some kind of artwork.

The following notes are known to have been printed::

1, 5, 10 and 100 rupiah Sumatra Province, Pematang Siantar 31 March 1947
50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 rupiah notes of Bengkulu Residency, 1 June 1947
50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 rupiah, Palembang Defence Council, South Sumatra, 1 August 1947
5, 50, 100 and 250 rupiah 5 August 1947, Serbalawan district (Simalungun, North Sumatra)
5 rupiah, Tapanuli Residency, 8 August 1947, 10 rupiah 8 September 1947, 25 rupiah 18 November 1947, 50 rupiah 28 April 1948, 100 rupiah 11 October 1948, 200 rupiah 23 November 1948
10 and 50 sen plus 1, 2½, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 2500 and 100000 rupiah, all dated 21 August 1947, of Asahan Regency North Sumatra, plus 1000, 2500 and 100000 rupiah dated 7 February 1948, 2000000 rupiah dated 1 and 2 April 1948, 100000 rupiah dated 'May' 1948, 250000 rupiah dated 'April' and '12 April' 1948
50 and 100 rupiah Limapuluh district, North Sumatra, 1 September 1947
50 and 100 rupiah of Kualuh Leidong district (North Labuhan Batu Regency, North Sumatra), 1 September 1947, 250 rupiah October 1947, 1000 rupiah 10 December 1947, 2500 rupiah 1 January 1948, 5000 rupiah 13 January 1948, 10000 rupiah 20 January 1948 and 10 February 1948, 250000 rupiah 15 February 1948, 25000 rupiah 22 February 1948, 50000 rupiah 3 March 1948, 10000000 rupiah 15 April 1948, and 25000000 rupiah 3 May 1948
50 sen, 1 rupiah and 2.5 rupiah Banda Aceh, 'Aceh residency', 15 September 1947, 2½ and 5 rupiah 1 December 1947 and 5 and 10 rupiah 15 January 1948
2½, 5, 50, 100 and 500 rupiah, Labuhan Batu Regency from Rantau Prapat, North Sumatra, 1947, 100, 1000 and 2500 rupiah 29 November 1947, 5000 and 1000 rupiah January/February 1948, 25000 rupiah February 1948, 50000 rupiah February/March 1948, 250000 rupiah March/April 1948, and 5000000 and 25000000 rupiah April/May 1948
50 rupiah Karo Regency, Tigabinangga 17 September 1947, 100, 250 and 1000 rupiah 20 November 1947
1 rupiah note for Jambi Residency (East Sumatra), 17 September 1947, 1/2 and 2½ rupiah 24 October 1947 and 28 November 1947, 5 and 10 rupiah 17 November 1947, 2½, 5 and 10 rupiah 27 December 1947, 1, 5 and 10 rupiah 31 March 1948, 1 rupiah 1 April 1948, plus 2½, 5 and 25 rupiah 20 May 1948.
1 rupiah Nias, 25 September 1947, 100 and 200 rupiah 20 December 1948, 500 rupiah 5 January 1949 and 12 November 1949
1, 5 and 10 rupiah notes of South Sumatra (Bengkulu), 1 December 1947
10, 50, 100, 250 and 100 rupiah Pagar Alam, South Sumatra, 17 December 1947
10 and 25 rupiah Labuhan Bilik, 23 December 1947, 100 rupiah January/February 1948, 10000 and 100000 rupiah 24 February 1948, 50000 rupiah 6 March 1948, 250000 rupiah 25 March 1948, 500000 rupiah 9 April 1948, 25000000 rupiah 7 May 1948
500 rupiah of Barus, a town in Central Tapanuli Regency 26 December 1947
25 Japanese rupiah 15 November 1947, Tandjungkarang, defence mandate of Lampung Residency, 50 and 100 rupiah 15 January 1948
1/2, 1, 2½, 5 and 10 rupiah, Lampung Residency, Sumatra province 1 June 1948
1, 5 and 10 rupiah Kutacane 1948
10 and 50 rupiah Koetabumi, North Lampung (Southern Sumatra), 1949
100 and 250 rupiah East Aceh (Langsa), 2 January 1949
10 and 25 rupiah Lintang IV Lawang, (Lahat Regency, South Sumatra), 17 January 1949
10 rupiah Palembang Residency, 17 January 1949, 50 rupiah 17 April 1949, 40 rupiah 6 July 1949, 50 rupiah 18 November 1949
250 rupiah Kutaradja, for North Sumatra region, 1 March 1949
25 and 50 rupiah South Pesisir (West Sumatra), 1949* 20 rupiah notes of the South Sumatra Special Military Region (Bukit Barisan), 1 May 1949
40 rupiah South Sumtra Province - Tjurup (Rejang Lebong Regency, South-West Sumtra), 1949

The following notes were all issued by the 'Governor of Sumatra' in Bukittinggi:

1/2, 1, 2½, 5, 10 and 25 rupiah notes of 'Sumatra Province', 17 August 1947, 2½ rupiah 17 December 1947, 1, 5 and 10 rupiah 1 January 1948, 25 rupiah 17 January 1948, 5, 10, 25 and 50 rupiah 1 April 1948, and 100 rupiah 17 April 1948
10 rupiah issued for Jambi district 17 December 1947
5 rupiah issued for Riau district, 17 December 1947
1, 2½, 5 and 10 rupiah for South Sumatra Sub-Province, 1 January 1948
5 rupiah for East Sumatra district, 1 January 1948
10 and 25 rupiah for Aceh district, 1 January 1948
5 rupiah for Tapanuli (Northwest Sumatra), 1 January 1948
10 rupiah for West Sumatra district, 17 January 1948

1950 onwards: Indonesian independence recognised

1950–1952: Gulden/roepiah notes

Low denomination notes

The Dutch treasury had in 1947 issued Indonesian language 10 sen and 25 sen notes. Due to the initial lack of coinage and due to their relatively republic-friendly design, the Indonesian government saw it as expedient to continue to print these notes, and authorised their issue until such time as coinage had been minted, and in sufficient quantity to replace them.

Dutch 'Indonesia' notes of 1947, also printed by Indonesia until it had minted sufficient coinage
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	note	withdrawal
		10 sen	100 × 60 mm	Green	Floral border	Legal text in Indonesian and Dutch	None	1 December 1947	1 January 1957
		25 sen		Brown	Central floral design

De Javasche Bank notes

The peace settlement with the Dutch, negotiated in The Hague in November 1949, had kept De Javasche Bank as the central bank in Indonesia, hence the first notes that were issued for the post-independence rupiah bore its imprint. It was decided that the existing De Javasche Bank money dated 1946 would simply be revised in colour, with the 5 gulden note changing from purple to red and green, the 10 gulden from green to purple, and 25 gulden from red to green. In addition, 50 gulden, 100 gulden, 500 gulden, and 1000 gulden notes were added, still dated 1946.

Because there were existing 10 and 25 sen notes (which remained as legal tender and continued to be printed), a gap existed between the 25 sen Indonesia and 5 gulden De Javasche Bank notes. This was filled with notes of 1/2 rupiah, 1 rupiah, and 2½ rupiah, all dated 1948.^[9] The notes in wording were similar to the notes of 5 gulden and up, but the Indonesian text ('roepiah') placed above Dutch ('gulden').

The notes were all printed by Johan Enschede en Zonen, the Dutch printer.

1950 De Javasche Bank notes
Image		Series	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			date of
Obverse	Reverse	Series	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		"1946"	5rp	150 × 75 mm	Green and red	Coconut trees at sea shore	Legal text in Dutch, Indonesian, Javanese, and Mandarin; Letters DJB	six numbers and either two or three letters	19 March 1950	13 December 1965	2 June 1950
			10rp		Purple	Mangosteen					2 June 1950
			25rp		Green	Coconut trees at sea shore					18 June 1954
			50rp		Black	Sailboat					13 August 1954
			100rp		Brown	Paddy field					18 December 1953
			500rp		Red			six numbers and two letters		24 August 1959	18 December 1953
			1000rp		Grey			six numbers and two letters		5 March 1959	2 November 1954
		"1948"	1/2 rp	124 × 64 mm	Pink	Moon orchid	Legal text in Dutch and Indonesian; letters DJB	Letter 'A' (two sizes), or 'AA', written fractionally over two numbers, followed by six numbers		1 December 1957	Last of denomination
			1 rp		Blue	Coconut trees		Letter 'B' (three sizes), or 'BB', written fractionally over either one or two numbers, followed by six numbers			3 October 1951
			2½ rp		Red	Jasmine		Letter 'C' (two sizes) over 1 or 2 numbers, followed by six numbers			3 October 1951
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Republik Indonesia Serikat money

The "Republik Indonesia Serikat" passed legislation on 2 June 1950 to allow it to issue new treasury notes, which were dated 1 January 1950 in 5 and 10 rupiah denominations.^[10] This was not long-lasting, as the RIS dissolved on 17 August 1950 (5 years after the original declaration of independence).

The notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue of England and had the date '1 January 1950' printed on the note.

1950 'Republik Indonesia Serikat' Notes
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	issue	withdrawal
		5rp	136 × 64 mm	Red	Soekarno	Rice field	"D" over number between 1 and 10, followed by six numbers	2 June 1950
		10rp		Purple			"E" over number between 1 and 19, followed by six numbers
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Nationalisation of De Javasche Bank: first Republik Indonesia banknotes

With the nationalisation of De Javasche Bank via the Emergency Act of 1951, it was decreed that the government would be able to issue notes of 1 and 2½ rupiah denominations. Thus, 'Republik Indonesia' notes dated 1951 were issued in 1 and 2½ rupiah denominations.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, first series (landscapes), 1951, printed by Security Banknote Printing Company (USA)
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue
	1 rupiah	127 × 66 mm	Blue	Beach with palms, rice terrace	Mountain	2 letters, 1 above the other, 6 numbers	Sjafruddin Prawiranegara	None	'1951'
	2½ rupiah		Red	Beach with cliff, palms	Garuda Pancasila

Formation of Bank Indonesia from De Javasche Bank: second Republik Indonesia banknotes

The transformation from DJB to Bank Indonesia (BI) occurred after the Emergency Act of 1951 was renewed as the Currency Act of 1953, and the 1951-issue 1 and 2½ rupiah government notes were reissued with the signature of the new Minister of Finance dated 1953.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, second series (landscapes), 1953, printed by Security Banknote Printing Company (USA)
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	As 1951					Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo	None (As 1951)	'1953'
		2½ rupiah
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1953–1954: First notes of Bank Indonesia

Notes featuring the new name of the nationalised De Javasche bank - 'Bank Indonesia' - were prepared dated 1952, in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 rupiah, signed by Indra Kasoema as Director, and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara as Governor. The notes began circulating from July 1953 to November 1954 depending on denomination.

1952 Bank Indonesia notes ('culture series')
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description				date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Printer's mark	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		5rp	136 × 75 mm	Blue	Ibu Kartini	Floral design, serpents	5' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers	Thomas De La Rue	2 July 1953	16 January 1961	1 September 1959
		10rp	136 × 75 mm	Brown	Statue of Dewi Sri	Floral design, beasts	2 (Joh. Enschede) or 3 (Joh. Enschede/Perkeba) letters, then six numbers	Joh. Enschede en Zonen/Pertjetakan Kebajoran	2 July 1953		5 September 1959
		25rp	143 × 83 mm	Blue	Kalpataru	Batik ship		Joh. Enschede en Zonen/Pertjetakan Kebajoran	18 June 1954		5 September 1959
		50rp		Green	Trees/bird	Batik	2 or 3 letters then six numbers	Joh. Enschede en Zonen	13 August 1954		1 August 1959
		100rp		Brown	Lion statue, Diponegoro	2 stylised birds kissing			18 December 1953	15 December 1960	24 June 1958
		500rp	152 × 91 mm	Red/green	Hindu relief	Batik			18 December 1953	21 September 1959	6 January 1959
		1000rp	152 × 91 mm	Green/red	Hindu relief	Wood design	two or three letters, starting W/WW, then six numbers		2 November 1954	7 August 1958	2 September 1958
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Despite the new notes, which meant that paper bearing the name of DJB was no longer printed, the DJB notes dated '1946', and in fact circulating since 1950, remained legal tender right up to the 'new rupiah' of 1965 (which invalidated ALL previous money at that point), although some old DJB notes were repealed, as follows:

2 March 1956: 1000 gulden '1946' note dating from 1950 withdrawn, effective 5 March 1959, due to rampant counterfeiting.
22 November 1957: 1 and 2½ rp '1948' DJB notes withdrawn, effective 1 December 1957, because these denominations of notes were the issuing privilege of the government under the 1914 Currency Act in force at the time of their issue, and hence De Javasche Bank had lacked the authority for their issue.

The few Netherlands Indies government notes (all low denomination) still legal tender were repealed as follows:

1 January 1954: all 'Nederlandsch Indie' government money withdrawn: 1/2, 1, and 2½ gulden notes, all dating from early World War 2, 1940
1 January 1957: 10 sen and 25 sen 'Indonesia' '1947' notes withdrawn (these were also issued by the Republic of Indonesia)

1954 brought a redesign of the Indonesian government 1 and 2½ rupiah notes, which were re-dated with the new Minister of Finance's signature in 1956.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, third series (ethnic people), 1954, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	130 × 60 mm	Blue	Javanese girl	Garuda Pancasila	3 letters, 6 numbers	Ong Eng Die	None	'1954'
		2½ rupiah		Red and green	Rotinese man
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, fourth series (ethnic people), 1956, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	130 × 60 mm	As 1954				Jusuf Wibisono	None	'1956'
		2½ rupiah
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1958–1959 Animals series - Second Series of Banknotes of Bank Indonesia

In 1957, governor of Bank Indonesia Sjafruddin Prawiranegara commissioned a new series of notes from English printer, Thomas De La Rue & Co. However, Syafruddin's involvement with PRRI meant that he was replaced in January 1958 as governor by Loekman Hakim. Specimens were produced in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 rupiah, and the first of these to be brought into circulation were the 100 and 1000 rupiah notes, in 1958, due to the counterfeiting of these denominations of the 1952 series (the counterfeit notes can be distinguished by the wavy line watermark being printed onto the paper rather than a true watermark).

The issue of the notes was interrupted somewhat by a devaluation of 24 August 1959, with 500 (tiger) and 1000 (elephant) rupiah notes devalued to 50 (crocodile) and 100 rupiah (squirrel) in September 1959. The 2500 and 5000 rupiah notes were deemed unnecessary thanks to the devaluation. The 2500 rupiah note was eventually issued three years later due to continued high inflation, while the 5000 rupiah was never issued. The 10 and 25 rupiah notes were only circulated for 3 days, although they remained legal tender, and are today extremely rare.

In addition to the 8 notes designed, Loekman commissioned a new note, of 2500 rupiah. Apart from the 100 and 1000 rupiah notes, the remaining high denomination note, the 500 rupiah, was released on 6 January 1959.

Animal Series (not dated, first printed 1957, except for the 2500 rupiah), all printed Thomas De La Rue
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Signature	Watermark	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		5rp	125 × 65 mm	Green and blue	Gibbon	Prambanan	Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (Governor) TRB. Sabaroedin (Director)	Diponegoro	'5' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers	1 September 1959	10 June 1962	19 January 1960
		10rp	125 × 65 mm	Brown and green	Deer	Kora Kora			'10' followed by 3 letters, then 5 numbers	5 September 1959	3 January 1961	2 January 1960
		25rp	143 × 72 mm	Brown and red	Javan rhinoceros	Tapanuli traditional house			'25' followed by 3 letters, then 5 numbers	5 September 1959	3 January 1961	2 January 1960
		50rp	150 × 76 mm	Red	Crocodile	Grand Mosque, Medan			'50' then 1 or 2, letters then 5 numbers	1 August 1959	21 May 1965	19 January 1960
		100rp	158 × 81 mm	Green and red	Squirrel	Istana Bogor			'100' then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 4 numbers	24 June 1958	21 May 1965	8 September 1959
		500rp	165 × 85 mm	Red/green	Sumatran tiger	Rice terrace			'500' then 1 or 2 letters then 4 numbers	6 January 1959	21 September 1959	Denomination withdrawn - reintroduced 1 May 1960
		1000rp	173 × 89 mm	Blue and brown	Elephant	Fisherman			'1000' then 1 or 2 letters, then 4 numbers	2 September 1958	21 September 1959	Denomination withdrawn - reintroduced 10 May 1960
		2500rp	181 × 92 mm	Green and blue	Komodo dragon	Fishing village, Martipura River	Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director)		'2500' then 1 letter or 2 letters, then 4 numbers; or '2500' then 2 letters over 'I' plus 5 numbers	1 September 1962	13 December 1965	Last of denomination
		5000rp	190 × 97 mm	Red	Bull		Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (Governor) TRB. Sabaroedin (Director)		5000A0000	UNISSUED SPECIMEN ONLY
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1959: First Indonesian-designed notes, the 'handicrafts' series

8 September 1959 brought the first purely Indonesian-designed notes, issued by state printers Pertjetakan Kebajoran, of 5 and 100 rupiah notes (see full 'handicrafts' section below for full details).

1960: Thomas De La Rue flowers and birds banknotes

Yet another series of notes, the 'flowers' series was issued by Bank Indonesia in 1960 (showing flowers on the obverse and birds on the reverse), and dated 1 January 1959, but issued in 1960. These notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Co. Ltd., England.

Flowers and birds series, dated '1 January 1959', issued 1960, printed by Thomas De La Rue
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Signature	Watermark	Serial	issue	withdrawal
		5rp	125 × 65 mm	Blue and yellow	Tuberose	4 sunbirds	Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director)	Garuda Pancasila	'5' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers	19 January 1960	31 December 1966
		10rp	133 × 68 mm	Red and green	Hoya flowers	4 cockatoos			'10' followed by 1, 2 or 3 letters, then 5 numbers	2 January 1960
		25rp	143 × 72 mm	Green and blue	Nelumbo nucifera	2 great egrets			'25' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers	2 January 1960
		50rp	150 × 76 mm	Orange and purple	Stylised Nelumbo nucifera	2 white-bellied fish-eagles			'50' then 1, 2 or 3 letters then 5 numbers	19 January 1960
		100rp	158 × 81 mm	Purple	Rafflesia arnoldii	5 rhinoceros hornbills			'100' then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 5 numbers	19 January 1960
		500rp	165 × 85 mm	Blue and red	Bougainvillea	Green junglefowls			'500' then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 4 numbers, or '500', 1 letter, 5 numbers	10 May 1960
		1000rp	173 × 89 mm	Black and blue	Jasmine flower	Bird-of-paradise			'1000' then 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 4 numbers, or '1000' then 2 letters over 'I', then 5 numbers	1 May 1960
		2500rp	180 x 92 mm	Orange and red		Great argus displaying			2500AA0000	UNISSUED SPECIMEN ONLY
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1960–1961: Government banknotes

A new design for the 1 and 2½ rupiah government notes was issued in 1960 showing agricultural workers, also re-dated with the new Minister of Finance's signature 1961.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, fifth series (agriculture theme), 1960, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	120 × 60 mm	Green and yellow	Rice farmers	Vegetables	3 letters, 6 numbers	Ir. Djuanda K.	None	'1960'
		2½ rupiah		Blue	Corn farmers	Corn and paddy
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, sixth series (agriculture theme), 1961, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	As 1960					R.M. Notohamiprodjo	None	'1961'
		2½ rupiah
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1961–1964: Complete handicrafts series

The Indonesian-printed handicrafts series replaced the TDLR notes in 1961 and 1962, with all denominations 5 to 1000 rupiah in issue. Introducing the first 10,000 rupiah banknote in 1964

Native crafts/houses banknotes, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran, issued 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 - first series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Signature	Watermark	Serial	Note	issue	withdrawal
		5rp	135 × 65 mm	Green and red	Javanese woman doing batik	Central Java traditional house	Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director)	Banteng head	3 letters, 6 numbers	'1958'	8 September 1959	13 June 1966
		10rp	135 × 65 mm	Brown and blue	Balinese statue carver	Balinese house					11 December 1961
		25rp	150 × 75 mm	Green and blue	Batak weaver	Batak house					26 April 1962
		50rp		Orange and purple	Timor spinner	Timor house					26 April 1962
		100rp		Purple	Rubber tapper	Kalimantan traditional house					8 September 1959
		500rp	160 × 85 mm	Red and brown	Man opening coconut	Minahasa house			3 letters, 5 numbers		16 January 1961
		1000rp	160 × 85 mm	Violet and green	Minangkabau silversmith	Minangkabau house					2 May 1961
		5000rp	170 × 95 mm	Brown and green	Woman with paddy	Rice fields in mountain					18 October 1963	13 January 1966
		10000rp	170 × 95 mm	Red and brown	2 fishermen with fish trap	Barito river Kalimantan	Jusuf Muda Dalam (Governor), Hertatijanto (Director)			'1964'	18 August 1964	13 January 1966
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Due to inflation, the TDLR 2500 rupiah note of 'animals' design was finally issued in September 1962, becoming then the top denomation. A further response to inflation came with the issue of a 1958-dated 5000 rupiah (brown) note in October 1963. By August 1964, it was necessary to add a 10,000 rupiah note (in red), and dated '1964', completing the manual workers series.

1965: Updates to the crafts notes

In 1965, amid soaring inflation, all of the notes, with the exception of the bottom 5 rupiah and the 500 rupiah note of the handicrafts series were revised and re-issued, some more than once.

Native crafts/houses banknotes, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran, issued 1965 - second series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Signature	Watermark	Serial	Note	issue	withdrawal
		10rp	As first series	As first series	As first series		Soemarno, Hertatijanto	As first series	As first series	'1963'
		25rp					Jusuf Muda Dalam, Hertaijanto	None - overprinted Gardua Pancasila		'1964'	21 May 1965	13 June 1966
		50rp						None - overprinted Gardua Pancasila			27 April 1965
		100rp						As first series			10 March 1965
		100rp		Blue				None - overprinted Gardua Pancasila			19 November 1965
		1000rp		Red			As first series	As first series		'1958' (As first series)	21 May 1965	13 March 1966
		5000rp		Purple				As first series plus overprinted Garuda Pancasila		'1958' (As first series)	19 November 1965	13 January 1966
		10000rp		Green				As first series		'1964' (As first series)	29 March 1965
		10000rp		Green				As first series plus overprinted Garuda Pancasila		'1964' (As first series)	19 November 1965
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1965–1968: First series of banknotes ('Soekarno') of the 'new rupiah'

The hyperinflation of the early 1960s resulted in the pronouncement of the 'new rupiah' supposedly worth 1,000 of the old rupiah.

The withdrawal of the old money meant the issue of an entirely new set of banknotes, by Presidential decree of 13 December 1965. The decree authorised Bank Indonesia to issue fractional notes for the first time (although the 1 and 2½ rupiah notes were still issued by the government itself), in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 sen showing 'Volunteers', dated 1964. Due to the fact that the rupiah was only devalued about 10, rather than 1000 times, they were worthless on issue, and many millions of notes never entered circulation.

The remaining notes all featured President Soekarno on the obverse, and various dancers on the reverse; this series was issued by 'Republik Indonesia' in 1 and 2½ rupiah, dated 1964, and Bank Indonesia dated 1960, in 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 rupiah were issued ('1960'-dated Bank Indonesia notes of 5, 10, and 100 rupiah were already circulating in Irian Barat and Riau, along with '1961'-dated 'Republik Indonesia notes of 1 and 2½ rupiah in those same places); the notes from 500 to 10,000 rupiah were deemed unnecessary due to the devaluation.

To complete the devaluation, older notes (largely worthless by this point) were withdrawn over 1965–1966.

By 1967, due to the limited nature of the devaluation, it had proved necessary to add 500 and 1,000 rupiah notes, in the same design.

Notes of the 'new rupiah' (1965 devaluation), Republik Indonesia
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description						date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signature	Printer's mark	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 rupiah	121 × 60 mm	Red	Soekarno with sugar cane	Balinese female dancer	2 letters, 6 numbers (no printer mark); 3 letters 6 numbers (otherwise)	Soemarno	Pertjetakan Kebajoran, P.N. Pertjetakan Kebajoran, or no mark	Garuda Pancasila	'1964'	13 December 1965		8 January 1968 - as Bank Indonesia These are the Last government notes in Indonesia
		2½ rupiah	119 × 60 mm	Blue		Balinese female dancer	2 letters, 6 numbers (no printer mark); 3 letters 6 numbers (otherwise)		Pertjetakan Kebajoran, or no mark
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Notes of the 'new rupiah' (1965 devaluation, plus 1967 denomination additions), Bank Indonesia
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description						date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signatures	Printer's mark	Watermark	Note	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1 sen	104 × 52 mm	Green	Man wearing paddy hat	Spiral patterns	3 letters, 6 numbers	Governor: Jusuf Muda Dalam; Director: Hertatijianto	Pertjetakan Kebajoran	None	'1964'	13 December 1965	Never withdrawn	Worthless upon issue, never replaced as coin or note
		5 sen		Violet	Man with peaked cap and 'Suklarelawan' (volunteer) badge								15 November 1996
		10 sen		Green	Man with peaked cap and 'Suklarelawan' (volunteer) badge
		25 sen	110 × 55 mm	Red	Man with hat and 'Suklarelawan' (volunteer) badge
		50 sen	110 × 55 mm	Purple	Man with hat and 'Suklarelawan' (volunteer) badge
		5rp	135 × 67 mm	Violet	Soekarno, with sugar cane	Female Balinese dancer	3 letters, 6 numbers	Governor: Soetikno Slamet; Director: Indra Kasoema	Pertjetakan Kebajoran	Soekarno, replaced by buffalo from 30 August 1966	'1960'		1 September 1971	13 January 1969
		10rp	140 × 70 mm	Brown		2 female Balinese dancers	3 letters, 6 numbers		Pertjetakan Kebajoran	Soekarno				15 April 1968
		25rp	147 × 73 mm	Green		Female Balinese dancer showing hands	3 letters, 6 numbers (Pertjetakan); 1/2/3 letters, six numbers (Thomas De La Rue)		Thomas De La Rue until 25 July 1966, then Pertjetakan Kebajoran	Soekarno (Thomas De La Rue); buffalo (Pertjetakan Kebajoran)				13 January 1969
		50rp	158 × 77 mm	Black		Hindu female Balinese dancer with 2 gamelan players			Thomas De La Rue until 30 August 1966, then Pertjetakan Kebajoran
		100rp	158 × 79 mm	Red-brown		Batak male and female dancer	3 letters, 6 numbers		Pertjetakan Kebajoran	Soekarno
		500rp	165 × 82 mm	Green		Javanese dancers	1/2/3 letters 4 numberes (TDLR), 3 letters six numbers (PK)		Thomas De La Rue/Pertjetakan Kebajoran	First Printings: Soekarno (Thomas De La Rue), buffalo/Soekarno (Pertjetakan Kebajoran); 1968 reprint Garuda (Pertjetakan Kebajoran)		20 February 1967
		1000rp	171 × 87 mm	Black		2 Balinese dancers	1/2/3 letters 4 numberes (TDLR), 3 letters six numbers (PK)		Thomas De La Rue/Pertjetakan Kebajoran	Soekarno (Thomas De La Rue - first printing), buffalo (Pertjetakan Kebajoran - 1968 reprint)		20 February 1967
		2500rp							Thomas De La Rue			Unissued specimens
		5000rp		Black					Thomas De La Rue			Unissued specimens
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

1968–1970: Second series of banknotes ('Sudirman') of the 'new rupiah'

By 1968 the Suharto New Order had been established, and Bank Indonesia, as of 1968 was given sole right to issue banknotes (including notes below 5 rupiah) as well as coins (which had previously been the issue of the central government).^[11]

Hence, the new issue of banknotes 1 to 1,000rp, dated 1968, were all emanating from Bank Indonesia. The notes featured the revolutionary hero General Sudirman, backed by various scenes of industry. The notes were issued in 1968 and 1969. In 1970, notes of the same theme (but a different watermark) were added in 5,000 and 10,000 rupiah denominations, thus restoring notes to the same denominations that had been circulating prior the 1965 devaluation

Sudirman/industry notes, '1968', Bank Indonesia: Second series of notes post-devaluation, Printed by PN Pertjetakan Kebajoran
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Serial	Signatures	Watermark	issue	withdrawal	replacement note
		1rp	112 × 56 mm	Red	Sudirman, Coat of arms of Indonesia	Woman extracting copra	3 letters, 6 numbers	Radius Prawiro, Soeksmono B. Martokoesoemo	Garuda Pancasila	8 January 1968	1 September 1975	Replaced with coin
		2½rp	112 × 56 mm	Blue		Woman holding paddy				8 January 1968		No replacement
		5rp	132 × 66 mm	Violet		Hydropower construction				13 January 1969		Replaced with coin
		10rp		Brown		Oil refinery				15 April 1968
		25rp		Green		Ampera bridge, Palembang				13 January 1969
		50rp		Violet and green		Hangar
		100rp	144 × 72 mm	Red		Brickworks, harbour					2 April 1988	1 October 1977
		500rp		Green and black		Cotton mill					2 April 1988	5 April 1978
		1000rp		Black and orange		Fertiliser factory					1 September 1977	1 June 1976
		5000rp	156 × 78 mm	Green	Sudirman, Garuda Pancasila	PT Tonasa Cement Factory			Diponegoro	2 April 1970	1 July 1977	5 October 1976
		10,000rp	156 × 78 mm	Red and violet	Sudirman, Garuda Pancasila	Bangka Island tin mine			Diponegoro	2 April 1970	1 July 1977	15 July 1976
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Diponegoro series (unissued)

A new series of notes, which now started only at 100 rupiah (then US$0.24), was designed with a Diponegoro theme in 1971 (but undated); however, this series was never issued, although the 1000 rupiah note, with date added, was issued in 1976 (see below), and the reverse of the 5000 rupiah was also used for the 1976 5000 rupiah, but with a new obverse design.

This aborted note series was the last in Indonesia to have a consistent theme, although new notes typically retained the same colour as old ones of the same denomination.

Diponegoro series (only 1000 rupiah issued); printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of			Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signature	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement	Remarks
		100 rupiah	158 × 79 mm	Pink	Diponegoro at right, facing left	Mountain scenery	Diponegoro		2 letters, 000000	SPECIMEN ONLY, UNISSUED, UNDATED
		500 rupiah		Green	Diponegoro at left, facing right	Rice terraces	Diponegoro		3 letters, six numbers
		1,000 rupiah		Green	Diponegoro at left, facing right	Buffalo ploughing rice field	Majapahit statue		3 letters, six numbers
		5,000 rupiah		Brown and red-brown	Diponegoro at right, facing left	3 Sailing Ships	Diponegoro		2 letters, 000000
		10,000 rupiah		Green and red	Diponegoro at right, facing left	Rice farmers	Diponegoro		2 letters, 000000

1976–1978: Banknote series 3 of the new rupiah

Due to counterfeiting of the Sudirman notes, the 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 rupiah notes were all re-designed, dated 1975, and issued in 1976. The Sudirman notes of 1000 rupiah and above were withdrawn as legal tender as of 1 September 1977.^[12]

Redesigns of the 100 and 500 rupiah notes followed in 1978, thereby completing the third series of notes to be issued since the 1965 devaluation.

Rupiah notes '1975' and '1977', printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of				Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signature	Serial	note	issue	withdrawal	replacement	Remarks
		100 rupiah	144 × 72 mm	Pink	Javan rhinoceros	A Javan rhino in habitat	Garuda Pancasila	Rachmat Saleh (Governor), Arifin M. Siregar (Director)	3 letters, six numbers	'1977'	1 October 1977	2 April 1988	1 February 1985
		500 rupiah	144 × 79 mm	Green	Woman with Vanda orchid	Bank Indonesia building, Jakarta	Diponegoro	Rachmat Saleh (Governor), Arifin M. Siregar (Director)		'1977'	5 April 1978		1 December 1982
		1000 rupiah	158 × 79 mm	Green	Diponegoro at left, facing right	Buffalo ploughing rice field	Gajah Mada	Rachmat Saleh (Governor), Soeksmono. B. Martokoesoemo (Director)		'1975'	1 June 1976		1 July 1980	Undated specimens exists; issued note dated '1975'
		5000 rupiah		Red-brown	Fisherman	3 Sailing Ships	Tjut Njak Dhien				5 October 1976		1 March 1982	Identical to unissued 'Diponegoro' note, except Diponegoro replaced with fisherman
		10,000 rupiah		Green, brown and orange	Ramayana frieze at Borobodur	Batara kala, Jago Temple	General Sudirman				15 July 1976	2 January 1980	29 June 1979

1979–1982: Banknote Series 4 of the new rupiah

The first note to be replaced was again the top 10,000 rupiah note (by then worth approximately US$16), in 1979. Further redesigned notes followed in all denominations except the 100 rupiah, in 1980 and 1982.

Rupiah notes '1979', '1980', '1982', printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note	issue	withdrawal	replacement
		500 rupiah	140 × 68 mm	Green	Titan arum	Bank Indonesia building	Ahmad Yani	Rachmat Saleh, Durmawel Achmad	3 letters, six numbers	'1982'	1 December 1982	1 May 1992	29 January 1988
		1000 rupiah	145 × 72 mm	Blue	Soetomo	Sianok Valley	Hasanuddin			'1980'	1 July 1980		30 June 1987
		5000 rupiah	153 × 76 mm	Brown	Diamond cutter, Kalimantan	3 Toraja houses	Dewi Sartika			'1980'	1 March 1982		9 December 1986
		10,000 rupiah	144 × 79 mm	Purple	Gamelan players, Central Java	Prambanan temple	Soetomo	Rachmat Saleh, Arifin M. Siregar		'1979'	29 June 1979		27 December 1985

1985–1988: Banknote series 5 of the new rupiah

The 100 rupiah note dating from 1977 was finally replaced in 1985; replacement notes of all denominations followed in 1985, 1987 and 1988.

Rupiah notes '1984', '1985', '1986','1987','1988', printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note	issue	withdrawal	replacement
		100 rupiah	133 × 64 mm	Pink	Victoria crowned pigeon	Asahan dam	Garuda Pancasila	Arifin M. Siregar, Sujitno Siswowidagdo	3 letters, six numbers	'1984'	1 February 1985	25 September 1995	28 December 1992
		500 rupiah	140 × 68 mm	Green	Rusa deer	Bank Indonesia building, Cirebon	Ahmad Yani			'1988'	29 January 1988
		1000 rupiah	145 × 72 mm	Blue	Sisingamangaraja XII	Kraton Yogyakarta	Sultan Hasanuddin			'1987'	30 June 1987
		5000 rupiah	153 × 76 mm	Brown	Teuku Umar	Minaret of Menara Kudus Mosque	Martha Christina Tiahahu			'1986'	9 December 1986		10 February 1992
		10,000 rupiah	144 × 79 mm	Purple	Kartini with Prambanan temple	Female university graduate, Indonesian flag	Tjipto Mangunkusumo			'1985'	27 December 1985		18 August 1992

1992: series six banknotes of the new rupiah

1992 saw a complete overhaul of all denominations of notes for the first time since 1968. In addition, a new top denomation, 20,000 rupiah note was added, with a US$ value of approximately $10 at the time. This was the first new denomination of the 'new rupiah' since the 10,000 rupiah had been issued in April 1970 (then worth about US$26). From this issue forwards, Indonesian notes have carried in small text in the note border the year of printing; the most conspicuous date on the note is still the date of authority (e.g., "Direksi 1992").

Rupiah notes '1992' series, printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description								Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement	Remarks
		100 rupiah	136 × 68 mm	Pink	Bugis phinisi	Krakatoa	Ki Hajar Dewantara	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Sujitno Siswowidagdo (Director)	3 letters, six numbers	18 August 1992	30 November 2006	Last of denomation	Carries imprint dates 1992–1996,1999,2000
		500 rupiah	140 × 68 mm	Green	Orangutan	East Kalimantan house	Omar Said Tjokroaminoto	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Sujitno Siswowidagdo (Director)				Last of denomation	Carries imprint date 1992–1999
		1000 rupiah	144 × 68 mm	Blue	Lake Toba	Stone jumping, Nias	Cut Nyak Meutia	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hendrobudiyanto (Director)				29 November 2000	Carries imprint date 1992–2000
		5000 rupiah	145 × 72 mm	Brown	Sasando Rote	Tri-coloured lake, Kelimutu	Cut Nyak Meutia	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hasudungan Tampubolon (Director)		18 August 1992		6 November 2001	Carries imprint date 1992–2001
		10,000 rupiah	150 × 73 mm	Purple	Hamengkubuwono IX, Scouts camping	Borobodur	Wage Rudolf Supratman	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), R. Rachmad (Director)		18 August 1992	21 August 2000	18 February 1998	Carries imprint date 1992–1998
		20,000 rupiah	152 × 72 mm	Green	Red bird-of-paradise	Clove flower, map of Indonesia	Ki Hajar Dewantara	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Binhadi (Director)		15 January 1992	21 August 2000	28 August 1995	Carries imprint dates 1992–1995

1993: Soeharto commemorative 50,000 rupiah

In 1993 a 50,000 rupiah (approx US$22) note celebrating "25 Years of Development" in polymer with hologram, limited to five million, and in a presentation pack explaining the 25-year growth plan since 1969 were printed, priced at double face value: 100,000 rupiah. The design featured Soeharto on the front and Soekarno-Hatta airport on the back, with a plane taking off to symbolise Indonesia's growth. However, it is believed that due to poor sales, that some of the polymer notes, minus the folder, were issued as regularly circulating money. A paper version of similar design was printed in 1993 and 1994.

Rupiah notes Soeharto '1993'
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description								Remarks
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement
		50,000 rupiah	152 × 76 mm	Green	Soeharto with scenes of industrial development, slogan "25 Tahun Indonesia Membangun" (25 years of Indonesian development)	Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747 Aircraft taking off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport	Wage Rudolf Supratman	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), TM Sjakur Machmud (Director)	3 letters, 6 numbers	1 February 1993	21 August 2000	Last of denomation	Printed by state printers Perum Peruri, with imprint date 1993 or 1994
							Soeharto hologram, Bank Indonesia watermark	Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hasudungan Tampubolon (Director)					Plastic note, printed by Note Printing Australia

1995: addition of security thread to top 1992/1993 banknotes

1995 saw the introduction of the security thread to Indonesian banknotes, a feature on all large (10,000 and above) notes of 'Direksi 1995' and newer. The 1992 20,000 rupiah, and 1993 paper 50,000 notes were the affected notes.

Rupiah notes 1995 security thread updates, printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description								Remarks
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	issue	withdrawal	replacement
		20,000 rupiah	As 1992 note				As 1992 + security foil strip	J. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Heru Soepraptomo (20,000 rupiah) J. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Boediono (50,000 rupiah)	3 letters, 6 numbers	28 August 1995	21 August 2000	23 January 1998	Imprint dates 1995–1998
		50,000 rupiah	As 1993 note (paper)									1 June 1999

Updates to high denominations; introduction of 100,000 rupiah note

The high denomination notes, 10,000, 20,000 and 50,000 rupiah were replaced in 1998 and 1999. A new polymer 100,000 rupiah note (by then only worth about US$10) was also added, imported from Australia. These notes, which were no longer printed following the introduction of new designs in 2004–2005, are no longer legal tender since 31 December 2008, although they remain exchangeable at Bank Indonesia offices until 31 December 2018.

Rupiah notes '1998', '1999' series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description						Date of					Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Printer	Serial	issue	note series	first of denomination	replacement	withdrawal	Remarks
		10,000 rupiah	148 × 72 mm	Brown, gray	Tjut Njak Dhien	Lake Segara Anak	Wage Rudolf Soepratman; security thread	J. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Mukhlis Rasyid (10,000 rupiah). J. Soedradjad Djiwandono, Haryono (20,000 rupiah)	Perum Peruri	3 letters, 6 numbers	18 February 1998	'1998'	1964	18 October 2005	31 December 2008	Carries imprint date 1998–2005
		20,000 rupiah	152 × 72 mm	Green	Ki Hadjar Dewantara	Children in classroom	Ki Hadjar Dewantara; security thread				19 February 1998	'1998'	1992	29 December 2004		Carries imprint date 1998–2005
		50,000 rupiah	152 × 72 mm	Gray, green	WR Soepratman	Indonesian flag hoist ceremony, 17 August 1997	Omar Said Tjokroaminoto; security thread	Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Dono Iskandar Djojosoebroto (Deputy Governor) (1999).			1 June 1999	'1999'	1993	18 October 2005		Carries imprint dates 1999–2005
		100,000 rupiah	151 × 65 mm	Red, brown, green, and blue	Sukarno and Hatta, proclamation of independence	Indonesian Parliament building, Jakrta	Garuda Pancasila and the logo of Bank Indonesia ; security thread	Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Iwan R. Prawiranata (Deputy Governor)	Note Printing Australia; Note Printing Works Bank of Thailand		1 November 1999	'1999'	First of denomination	31 December 2004		No imprint date; phosphorus number for security
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Current series

Low denomination notes, 2000 and 2001

The lower denominations, 1,000 and 5,000 rupiah were updated in 2000 and 2001. While the 5,000 rupiah note is still being printed, the 1,000 rupiah note was last issued dated 2013 and, while remaining in circulation, has largely been replaced by a coin of the same value. The previous lowest denominations, 100 and 500 rupiah, no longer exist, since the rupiah had fallen in value by 80% since the previous issue of these denominations in 1992.

Rupiah notes '2009' series, Printed by Perum Peruri
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description						Date of					Remarks
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	note series	first of denomination	replacement	withdrawal	Remarks
	1000 rupiah	141 × 65 mm	Blue and green	Captain Pattimura	Maitara and Tidore Islands, with fishermen on a boat	Tjut Njak Meutia	Anwar Nasution (Senior Deputy Governor), Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)	Perum Peruri	3 letters, 6 numbers	29 November 2000	'2000'	20 February 1967	19 December 2016	Still in circulation	Carries imprint date 2000–2013 and 2016
	5000 rupiah	143 × 65 mm	Yellow	Tuanku Imam Bonjol	Songket weaver, Tanah Datar	Tjut Njak Meutia	Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Miranda S. Goeltom (Deputy Governor)	Perum Peruri	3 letters, 6 numbers	6 November 2001	'2001'	2 April 1970	19 December 2016	Still in circulation	Carries imprint date 2001–2016

2004/2005 high denomination note updates

The 10,000 - 100,000 notes were replaced in 2004 and 2005, with the 100,000 reverting to a locally printed paper design, as the polymer notes proved difficult for bank machines to count; all the notes were given better anti-forgery devices.

Rupiah notes '2004', '2005' series, Printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	Remarks
		10,000 rupiah	145 × 65 mm	Purple	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	The traditional Limas House of Palembang, South Sumatra	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Bun Bunan E.J. Hutapea (Deputy Governor)	3 letters, 6 numbers	'2005'	18 October 2005	Imprint 2005–2008
		20,000 rupiah	147 × 65 mm	Green	Oto Iskandar di Nata	Tea plantation, West Java	Otto Iskandar Di Nata	Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Maulana Ibrahim (Deputy Governor)		'2004'	29 December 2004	Imprint 2004–2008
		50,000 rupiah	149 × 65 mm	Blue	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, Bali	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Maman H. Soemantri (Deputy Governor)		'2005'	18 October 2005	Imprint 2005–2008
		100,000 rupiah	151 × 65 mm	Red	As 1999 issue		WR Supratman	Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor), Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)		'2004'	29 December 2004	Imprint 2004–2008
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

New 2,000 rupiah note

After several delays, following an initial announcement that the 2000 rupiah note would replace the 1000 rupiah as lowest denomination, the new denomination, 2000 rupiah was finally officially released, to circulate alongside the lower denomination, in July 2009.

Rupiah notes '2009' series, Printed by Perum Peruri
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	Remarks
	2000 rupiah	141 x 65 mm	Grey	Prince Antasari of Banjar	Dayak traditional dance	Prince Antasari	Miranda Goeltom (Senior Deputy Governor) Budi Rochadi (Deputy Governor)	3 letters, 6 numbers	'2009'	9 July 2009	Imprint 2009–2016

Revised 10,000 rupiah note

On 20 July 2010, the 2005 issue 10,000 rupiah note was revised, featuring the same theme but with a colour change to better distinguish it from the 100,000 rupiah note. Several changes were also made to the note's security features and devices.

Rupiah notes '2010', Printed by Perum Peruri
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	Remarks
	10,000 rupiah	145 × 65 mm	Blue-purple	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	The traditional Limas House of Palembang, South Sumatra	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II	Darmin Nasution (Senior Deputy Governor) Muliaman D. Hadad (Deputy Governor)	3 letters, 6 numbers	'2010'	20 July 2010	Imprint 2010–2016

Revised 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 rupiah notes

On 1 August 2011, in commemoration of Youth Pledge Day, Bank Indonesia issued newly designed banknotes denominated in 20,000-, 50,000-, and 100,000-rupiah, although they bear no special commemorative text or images. The new notes have enhanced security features including rainbow printing and new codes for the sight impaired.^[13]

Rupiah notes '2011', Printed by Perum Peruri
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
Image	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	Remarks
	20,000 rupiah	147 × 65 mm	Green	Oto Iskandar di Nata	Tea plantation, West Java	Otto Iskandar Di Nata	Darmin Nasution (Governor), Halim Alamsyah (Deputy Governor)				Imprint 2011–2016
	50,000 rupiah	149 × 65 mm	Blue	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, Bali	I Gusti Ngurah Rai	Darmin Nasution (Governor), Hartati Sarwono (Deputy Governor)				Imprint 2011–2016
	100,000 rupiah	151 × 65 mm	Red	As 1999 issue		Wage Rudolf Supratman	Darmin Nasution (Governor), Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)				Imprint 2011–2014

Revised 100,000 rupiah notes of 2014

Indonesia issued a revised 100,000 rupiah note on Independence Day, 17 August 2014. The banknotes have "Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia" ("The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia") written on the notes, replacing the name of its current issuer, Bank Indonesia. The new notes retain the images of its national figures, and are harder to counterfeit.^[14]^[15] The revised note carries an imprint of TE. (abbreviation of "Tahun Emisi", Issue Year) 2014 and the signatures of the then-BI governor Agus Martowardojo and the then-Indonesian Finance Minister Chatib Basri.

2016 series

Bank Indonesia introduced a new family of banknotes on 19 December 2016 in denominations of 1,000-, 2,000-, 5,000-, 10,000-, 20,000-, 50,000 and 100,000 rupiah. This series features national heroes from the history of Indonesia.^[16]

Rupiah notes '2016' series, Printed by Perum Peruri
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description					Date of		Remarks
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	Signatures	Serial	note series	issue	Remarks
		1,000 rupiah	141 × 65 mm	Yellow-Green	Tjut Meutia	Tifa dance and Banda Neira	Tjut Meutia	Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Finance Minister), Agus Martowardojo (Governor)	3 letters, 6 numbers	'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		2,000 rupiah	141 × 65 mm	Grey	Mohammad Husni Thamrin	Piring dance and Sianok Canyon	Pangeran Antasari			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		5,000 rupiah	143 × 65 mm	Brown	Idham Chalid	Gambyong dance and Mount Bromo	Tjut Meutia			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		10,000 rupiah	145 × 65 mm	Purple	Frans Kaisiepo	Pakarena dance and Wakatobi National Park	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		20,000 rupiah	147 × 65 mm	Green	G.S.S.J. Ratulangi	Gong dance and Derawan Islands	Otto Iskandar Di Nata			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		50,000 rupiah	149 × 65 mm	Blue	Djuanda Kartawidjaja	Legong dance and Komodo National Park	I Gusti Ngurah Rai			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
		100,000 rupiah	151 × 65 mm	Red	Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta	Topeng Betawi dance and Raja Ampat Islands	Wage Rudolf Supratman			'2016'	19 December 2016	Imprint 2016–
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Security features

The materials of the banknotes basically are long fibres from any kind of wood, or a mix of different types of wood. However, the preferable material is the abacá fibre, which is naturally plentiful in Indonesia and is believed to increase the durability of the banknotes. The banknotes are made with the process of heating, to create a unique type of pulp.
The minimum security features for naked eyes are watermarks, electrotypes and security threads with colour fibres. In addition to this, extra features may be included, such as holograms, Irisafe, iridescent stripes, clear windows, metameric windows and gold patches.
- Watermark and electrotype are made by controlling the gap of density of the fibres which create certain images for the banknotes. This is done to raise the quality of the notes from the aesthetic view.
- Security threads are put in the middle of the note's materials so horizontal and vertical lines are shown from top to bottom. The threads also can be made with many variations such as the materials, size, colour and design.
The 2010 10,000 rupiah, 2011 20,000, 50,000 and 100,000 rupiah introduced several new security features: use of EURion constellation rings, rainbow printing designed to change colour when viewed from different angles, and tactile features for blind people and those with visual difficulties to recognise the different denominations stated on the notes.

Notes

^ Cuhaj, 2010, p.877.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 878-886.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, p. 697.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, p. 699.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 699-700.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 700-701.
^ BI.go.id
^ Cuhaj, 2010, p. 701.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 885-886.
^ Cuhaj, 2010, p. 701.
^ BI.go.id Archived 29 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ BI.go.id
^ Indonesia new 20,000-, 50,000-, and 100,000-rupiah notes confirmed BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
^ BI Planning to Issue New Banknotes on August 2014 Tempo (www.tempo.co). 19 June 2014. Retrieved on 2 July 2014.
^ Indonesia new 100,000-rupiah note reported BanknoteNews.com. 19 August 2014. Retrieved on 19 August 2014.
^ Indonesia unveils new banknote family Banknote News (banknotenews.com). 20 December 2016. Retrieved on 21 December 2016.

References

Cuhaj, George S. (2010). Paper Money General Issues 1368-1960 (13 ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-1293-2.

[1] Cuhaj, 2010, p.877.

[2] Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 878-886.

[3] Cuhaj, 2010, p. 697.

[4] Cuhaj, 2010, p. 699.

[5] Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 699-700.

[6] Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 700-701.

[7] BI.go.id

[8] Cuhaj, 2010, p. 701.

[9] Cuhaj, 2010, pp. 885-886.

[10] Cuhaj, 2010, p. 701.

[11] BI.go.id Archived 29 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[12] BI.go.id

[13] Indonesia new 20,000-, 50,000-, and 100,000-rupiah notes confirmed BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 12 March 2012.

[14] BI Planning to Issue New Banknotes on August 2014 Tempo (www.tempo.co). 19 June 2014. Retrieved on 2 July 2014.

[15] Indonesia new 100,000-rupiah note reported BanknoteNews.com. 19 August 2014. Retrieved on 19 August 2014.

[16] Indonesia unveils new banknote family Banknote News (banknotenews.com). 20 December 2016. Retrieved on 21 December 2016.

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