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Comparison of orbital rocket engines

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This page exposes an incomplete list of orbital rocket engines.

Legend for below table:   [under development] — [retired,canceled] — [operational,inactive]

Engine Origin Manufacturer Vehicle Stage Propellant Specific Impulse, Vac (s) Specific Impulse, SL (s) Thrust, Vac (N) Thrust, SL (N) Mass (kg) Thrust-to-weight ratio Combustion chamber pressure (bar) Status Engine
Vulcain[1][2]

HM-60

 Europe Snecma Ariane 5 1st LH2/LOX 439[2] 326[1] 1,113,000[2] 773,200[1] 1,300[1] 84.318[1] 109[2] Retired Vulcain
Vulcain 2[3][4]  Europe Snecma Ariane 5 1st LH2/LOX 429[4] 318[3] 1,359,000[4] 939,500[3] 1,800[3] 76.99?[note 1] 117.3[4] Operational Vulcain 2
P230[5]  Europe SNPE (Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs) Ariane 5 Booster HTPB(68/18) 286[5] 259[5] 6,472,300[5] 5,861,300[5] 269,000 with fuel[5] Operational P230
HM7B[6][7]  Europe Snecma Ariane 5 ECA Upper LH2/LOX 446[7] 310[6] 64,800[7] 43,600[6] 165[7] 40.05?[note 2] 37[7] Operational HM7B
Vinci[8][9]  Europe Snecma Ariane 6 Upper LH2/LOX 465[8] 180,000[8] 280[9] 65.55[note 3] 60.8[8] Development Vinci
RD-180[10]  Russia NPO Energomash Atlas V
Atlas III 		1st RP-1/LOX 338.4[10] 311.9[10] 4,152,136[10] 3,826,555[10] 5,480[10] 71.2[note 4] 261.7[10] Operational RD-180
RD-191[11]  Russia NPO Energomash Angara 1st RP-1/LOX 337.5[11] 311.2[11] 2,084,894[11] 1,922,103[11] 2,200[11] 89.09[note 5] 262.6[11] Operational RD-191
RD-0124[12]

14Д23

 Russia TsSKB Progress Soyuz-2.1b
Soyuz-2-1v
Angara 		2nd,3rd RP-1/LOX 359[12] 294,300[12] 520[12] 57.7[note 6] 160[12] Operational RD-0124
NK-33A (AJ26-58)[13]

11Д111

 Soviet Union Kuznetsov Design Bureau
Aerojet 		Antares
Soyuz-2.1v 		1st RP-1/LOX 331[13] 1,638,000[13] 1,222[13] 136.8[13] 145[13] Operational NK-33-1 (AJ26-58)
Gamma 8[14]  UK Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 1st H2O2/Kerosene 265[14] 234,800[14] 342[14] 70.01[14] 47.40[14] Retired Gamma 8
Gamma 2[15]  UK Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 2nd H2O2/Kerosene 265[15] 68,200[15] 173[15] 40.22[15] Retired Gamma 2
Waxwing[16]  UK Bristol Aerojet Black Arrow Upper Solid 278[16] 29,400[16] 87[16] Retired Waxwing
Merlin 1C  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon 1 		1st,2nd RP-1/LOX 304[17] 266[18] 480,408[17] 422,581[17] 630 92[17] 67.7 Retired Merlin 1C
Merlin Vacuum 1C  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon 1 		2nd RP-1/LOX 336[18] 413,644[18] 92 Retired Merlin Vacuum 1C
Merlin 1D  United States SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 1st RP-1/LOX 311 [19] 282 [19] 723,000[20] 470[20] 158[20] 97 Retired Merlin 1D
Merlin 1D FT  United States SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 FT
Falcon Heavy 		1st RP-1/LOX 311 [19] 282 [19] 825,000[21] 756,000[21] 470[20] 180[20] 97 Operational Merlin 1D FT
Merlin Vacuum 1D  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon Heavy 		2nd RP-1/LOX 348[22] 934,000[22] Operational Merlin Vacuum 1D
Raptor[23]  United States SpaceX 1st,2nd[24] Methane/LOX[23] 363[23] 2,300,000[25] Development Raptor
RD-171M[26]

Most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine in the world

 Russia NPO Energomash Zenit-2M
Zenit-3SL
Zenit-3SLB
Zenit-3SLBF 		1st RP-1/LOX 337.2[26] 309.5[26] 7,904,160[26] 7,256,921[26] 9,300[26] 79.57[note 7] 250[26] Operational RD-171M
RD-107A[27]

14Д22

 Russia NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2 		1st RP-1/LOX 320.2[27] 263.3[27] 1,019,892[27] 839,449[27] 1,090[27] 78.53[note 8] 61.2[27] Operational RD-107A
RD-108A[27]

14Д21

 Russia NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2 		2nd RP-1/LOX 320.6[27] 257.7[27] 921,825[27] 792,377[27] 1,075[27] 75.16[note 9] 55.5[27] Operational RD-108A
RD-117[28]

11Д511

 Soviet Union NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 1st RP-1/LOX 316[28] 253[28] 978,000[29] 778,648[28] 1,100[28] 72.18[note 10] 54.2[28] Operational RD-117
RD-118[28]

11Д512

 Soviet Union NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 2nd RP-1/LOX 314[28] 257[28] 1,000,278[28] 818,855[28] 1,100[28] 75.91[note 11] 59.7[28] Operational RD-118
LE-5  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA 		H-I Upper LH2/LOX 450[30] 103,000[30] 245[30] 42.87[note 12] 36.0[30] Retired LE-5
LE-5A  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA 		H-II Upper LH2/LOX 452[31] 121,500[31] 242[31] 51.19[note 13] 40.0[31] Retired LE-5A
LE-5B  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
JAXA 		H-IIA
H-IIB 		Upper LH2/LOX 447[32] 137,000[32] 269[32] 51.93[note 14] 36.0[32] Operational LE-5B
LE-7  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA 		H-II 1st LH2/LOX 446[33] 1,078,000[33] 843,500[33] 1,714[33] 64.13[33] 127[33] Retired LE-7
LE-7A  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
JAXA 		H-IIA
H-IIB 		1st LH2/LOX 438[34] 338[34] 1,098,000[34] 1,800[34] 62.2[note 15] 121[34] Operational LE-7A
SRB-A  Japan IHI Aerospace
JAXA 		H-IIA Booster HTPB 280[35] 2,250,000[35] 76,400 with fuel[35] 118[35] Operational SRB-A
SRB-A3  Japan IHI Aerospace
JAXA 		H-IIB Booster BP-207J[36] 283.6[36] 2,305,000[36] 2,150,000[36] 76,600 with fuel[36] 111[36] Operational SRB-A3
RS-68A[37]

Most powerful hydrogen-fueled engine in the world

 United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Delta IV
Delta IV Heavy 		1st LH2/LOX 414[37] 3,560,000[37] 3,137,000[37] 6,747[37] 53.80[note 16] 196[37] Operational RS-68A
Atlas V SRB  United States Aerojet Atlas V Booster Solid 275[38] 1,270,000[38] Operational Atlas V SRB
F-1

Most powerful single-chamber liquid-fueled rocket engine ever developed

 United States Rocketdyne Saturn V 1st RP-1/LOX 263 7,770,000 6,770,000 8,391 82.27?[note 17] 70 Retired F-1
RS-25 - SSME  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Space Shuttle 1st LH2/LOX 452.3 2,279,000 3,526 53.79[note 18] 206.4 Inactive since STS-135 RS-25
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster

Largest solid-fuel rocket motor ever flown, and the first to be used for primary propulsion on human spaceflight missions

 United States Thiokol Space Shuttle
Ares I 		Booster APCP 268 14,000,000 12,500,000 590,000
with fuel 		Inactive since STS-135 Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster
UA1207[39]  United States United Technologies Titan IV Booster PBAN 272 245 7,116,000 6,410,400 319,330
with fuel 		Retired UA1207
J-2[40]  United States Rocketdyne Saturn V
Saturn IB 		2nd, 3rd LH2/LOX 421 1,033,100 1,438 73.18 30 Retired J-2
J-2X[41][42]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Space Launch System Upper LH2/LOX 448 1,310,000 2,430[42] 54.97?[note 19] 30 Development J-2X
RL-10B-2[43][44]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Delta III
Delta IV 		Upper LH2/LOX 462 109,890 277 41 44 Operational RL-10B-2
RL-10A-4-2[44][45]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Atlas V Upper LH2/LOX 451 99,100 167 59 39 Operational RL-10A-4-2
NSTAR[46][47]

First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational science spacecraft

 United States Hughes Electron Dynamics
Boeing 		Deep Space 1
Dawn 		Ion thruster Xenon 3,100 @2.3 kW 0.0920 @2.3 kW 8.2 Operational NSTAR
HiPEP

Most efficient inert gas ion thruster ever built

 United States NASA Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Ion thruster Xenon 9,620 @39.3 kW 0.670 @39.3 kW Canceled HiPEP
NEXT  United States NASA Ion thruster Xenon 4,100 @6.9 kW 0.236 @6.9 kW Development NEXT
VASIMR  United States Ad Astra Rocket Company Electro-magnetic thruster Argon 5,000 @200 kW 5.7 @200 kW Development VASIMR
PPS-1350  Russia
 Europe 		OKB Fakel
Snecma 		SMART-1 Hall thruster Xenon 1,650 @1.5 kW 0.088 @1.5 kW 5.3 Operational PPS-1350
SPT-100  Russia OKB Fakel LS-1300 satellites Hall thruster Xenon 1,500 @1.35 kW 0.083 @1.35 kW 3.5 Operational SPT-100
Boeing 601HP

First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational commercial satellite (PAS-5)

 United States Boeing Boeing 601HP satellites Ion thruster Xenon 2,568 @0.5 kW 0.018 @0.5 kW Operational Boeing 601HP
Boeing 702  United States Boeing Boeing 702 satellites Ion thruster Xenon 3,800 @4.5 kW 0.165 @4.5 kW Operational Boeing 702
RD-56(KVD-1)[48]

11Д56У

 Russia KBKhM GSLV Mk I Upper LH2/LOX 462[48] 69,626[48] 282[48] 25.17 55.9 Retired RD-56(KVD-1)
CE-7.5[49][50]  India ISRO GSLV Mk II Upper LH2/LOX 454[50] 73,550[49] 445[50] 16.85?[note 20] 58 Operational CE-7.5
PSLV-1[51]  India ISRO PSLV 1st HTPB 269[51] 486,000[51] 160,200[51] 58[51] Operational PSLV-1
SLV-1[52]  India ISRO PSLV Booster HTPB 253[52] 502,600[52] 10,800[52] 43[52] Operational SLV-1
S200[53]  India ISRO LVM3 Booster HTPB 274.5[53] 5,150,000[54][55]

[56]

207,000[53] Operational S200
RD-264[28]

11Д119

 Soviet Union NPO Energomash Dnepr-1 1st N2O4/UDMH 318.4[28] 293.3[28] 4,511,059[28] 4,158,020[28] 3,600[28] 117.77[note 21] 210[28] Operational RD-264
YF-100  China CASC Long March 5, Long March 6 and Long March 7[57]

[58] [59]

Long March 5 K-3-1 and K-2-1 boosters, Long March 6 first stage and Long March 7 first stage and boosters.[60]

[61] [62]

RP-1/LOX[63] 335[63] 300[63] 1,340,000[63] 1,200,000[63] Development YF-100
YF-21C  China CASC Long March 2,3 1st N2O4/UDMH 260.7[64] 2,961,600[64] Operational YF-21C
YF-24E  China CASC Long March 2,3 2nd N2O4/UDMH 298.0[64] 742,000[64] Operational YF-24E
YF-75  China CALT Long March 3 3rd LH2/LOX 438.0[64] 167,170[64] Operational YF-75
RD-275M[65]

14Д14М

 Russia NPO Energomash Proton-M 1st N2O4/UDMH 315.8[65] 288[65] 1,831,882[65] 1,671,053[65] 1,070[65] 159.25[note 22] 165.2[65] Operational RD-275M
RD-0120[66]

11Д122

 Soviet Union KBKhA Energia 1st LH2/LOX 455[66] 1,962,000[66] 3,450[66] 57.80 219 Retired RD-0120
RD-193[67][68]  Russia NPO Energomash Soyuz-2.1v 1st RP-1/LOX 337.5[68] 311.2[68] 2,084,894[68] 1,922,103[68] 1,900[67][68] 103.15[note 23] Development RD-193
RD-181  Russia NPO Energomash Antares 1st RP-1/LOX 337.5 Development RD-181
Aestus[69]  Europe Airbus Defence and Space Ariane 5 ES Upper N2O4/MMH 324[69] 30,000[69] 111[69] 27.6?[note 24] 11[69] Operational Aestus
Aestus II[70]  Europe Airbus Defence and Space Ariane 5 Upper N2O4/MMH 340[70] 55,400[70] 138[70] 40.9?[note 25] 60[70] Development Aestus II
BE-3  United States Blue Origin New Shepard 1st LH2/LOX 490,000 Operational BE-3
BE-4[71][72]  United States Blue Origin Atlas V
Vulcan 		1st Methane/LOX 2,400,000[71][72] Development BE-4
SLS Solid Rocket Booster

Largest, most powerful solid-fuel rocket motor ever built

 United States Orbital ATK SLS Booster PBAN 267 16,000,000 730,000
with fuel 		Development SLS Solid Rocket Booster

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Vulcain". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d EADS Astrium. "Vulcain Astrium". Airbus Defence and Space. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
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  66. ^ a b c d "RD0120". KBKhA.
  67. ^ a b "Energomash Test Fires New RD-193 Engine". parabolicarc.com.
  68. ^ a b c d e f "Универсальный ракетный двигатель РД-193. Мнение инженера-разработчика". Журнал «Новости космонавтики».
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  70. ^ a b c d e "Aestus Rocket Engine". Airbus Defence and Space. Retrieved 29 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)
  71. ^ a b Ferster, Warren (2014-09-17). "ULA To Invest in Blue Origin Engine as RD-180 Replacement". Space News. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  72. ^ a b "BE-4". Blue Origin. Retrieved 17 September 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)

Notes

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