Jump to content

Goitered gazelle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Citation bot (talk | contribs) at 03:55, 20 August 2018 (Alter: template type. You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Goitered gazelle
Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) at Korkeasaari Zoo.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Antilopinae
Tribe: Antilopini
Genus: Gazella
Species:
G. subgutturosa
Binomial name
Gazella subgutturosa
Subspecies

The goitered or black-tailed gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) is a gazelle found in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, parts of Iraq and Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, India, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and in northwest China and Mongolia.[1] The specific name, meaning "full below the throat", refers to the male having an enlargement of the neck and throat during the mating season.

Habitat

The goitered gazelle inhabits sands and gravel plains and limestone plateau.

Large herds were also present in the Near East. Some 6,000 years ago, they were captured and killed with the help of desert kites.[2][3] Rock art found in Jordan suggests ritual slaughter.[2]

Behavior

It runs at high speed, without the leaping, bounding gait seen in other gazelle species. Throughout much of their range, goitered gazelles migrate seasonally.[1] Herds cover 10–30 km per day in the winter, with these distances being reduced to about 1–3 km in summer.

Their mating behavior is polygynous and usually occurs in the early winter.[4]

Subspecies

Several subspecies have been described. Groves & Leslie (2011) distinguish four forms, which they treat as separate monotypic species.[5] Wacher et al.[6] established that G. s. marica is a separate species, Gazella marica.[7]

  • Persian gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) subgutturosa) - southeastern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Syria, northern and eastern Iraq, Iran, southern Afghanistan, western Pakistan
  • Turkmen gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) gracilicornis) - Kazakhstan (Buzachi) in the east to about Lake Balkash, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
  • Yarkand gazelle (Gazella (subgutturosa) yarkandensis) - northern and northwestern China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Gansu, Nei Monggol), Mongolia; includes subspecies hilleriana

It is listed as an endangered species in Pakistan.[citation needed]

Former subspecies

Sand gazelle (Gazella marica) at Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, United Arab Emirates

Until recently, goitered gazelles were considered to represent a single, albeit polymorphic, species. However, recent genetic studies show one of the subspecies, G. s. marica, is paraphyletic in respect to the other populations of goitered gazelles,[6] although gene introgression is observed in the contact zone between the two species.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Template:IUCN2008
  2. ^ a b Amos, Jonathan (19 April 2011). "Gazelles caught in ancient Syrian 'killing zones'". BBC News. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  3. ^ Role of mass-kill hunting strategies in the extirpation of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in the northern Levant. Guy Bar-Oz, Melinda Zeder, and Frank Hole. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010.
  4. ^ Xia, Canjun, et al. "The energy-maintenance strategy of goitered gazelles Gazella subgutturosa during rut." Behavioural processes 103 (2014): 5-8.
  5. ^ C. P. Groves, D. M. Leslie Jr. (2011). Family Bovidae (Hollwo-horned Ruminants). (585-588). In: Wilson, D. E., Mittermeier, R. A., (Hrsg.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4
  6. ^ a b Wacher T, Wronski T, Hammond RL, Winney B, Blacket MJ, Hundertmark KJ, Mohammed OB, Omer SA, Macasero W, Lerp H, Plath M, Bleidor C (2011) Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa). Conserv Genet 12:827–831
  7. ^ "Gazella marica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-2.rlts.t8977a50187738.en. Retrieved 2 August 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Murtskhvaladze M, Gurielidze Z, Kopaliani N, Tarkhnishvili D (2012) Gene introgression between Gazella subguturrosa and G. marica: limitations of maternal inheritance analysis for species identification with conservation purposes. Acta Theriologica DOI 10.1007/s13364-012-0079-8
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gazella subgutturosa.
Wikispecies has information related to Gazella subgutturosa.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goitered_gazelle&oldid=855688486"