HP Roman
In computing HP Roman is a family of character sets consisting of HP Roman Extension, HP Roman-8, HP Roman-9 and several variants. Originally introduced by Hewlett-Packard around 1978, revisions and adaptations were published several times up to 1999. The 1985 revisions were later standardized as IBM codepages 1050 and 1051. Supporting many European languages, the character sets were used by various HP workstations, terminals, calculators as well as many printers, also from third-parties.
Overview
HP Roman is a family of single byte character encodings supporting several Latin script based languages of Europe. It was originally introduced by Hewlett-Packard around 1978 as 7- and 8-bit HP Roman Extension for some of their computer terminals and printers. Early versions of the 8-bit variant were also used by some HP workstations in 1978/1979. Several revisions led to more characters being added before the 8-bit variant of the character set became officially known as HP Roman-8 in 1983.[1] Soon later, this became the default character set of the HP-UX[2] operating system and the page description language PCL for inkjet[3][4] and laser printers in 1984. The character set was again expanded in 1985.[5][6] A modified adaptation of the 1984 definition of Roman-8 was used in the HP Portable series of computers,[7][8] whereas a derivation of the updated 1985 definition of Roman-8 was used in several early RPL calculators and corresponding thermal printers since 1986.[9][10] The latest off-spring of the family is HP Roman-9, which was introduced in 1999 to include the euro sign.[11]
Codepage layout
Roman Extension
The character set was originally introduced by Hewlett-Packard as extended ASCII 7-bit codepage named HP Roman Extension[12][13] (also known as RE,[13] code page 1050, CP1050 or ibm-1050[14]), which existed at least since 1978.[15][16][17][18][19] On some systems it was also accessible as 8-bit codepage. Before the name "Roman-8" was established for the 8-bit variant in 1983, this was sometimes called "8-bit mode", "8-bit Roman Extension" or "HP Roman-8 Extension". Over the years both variants were revised to include more characters. The final 1985 revision of the character set was also standardized as codepage 1050 by IBM in 1989.[14]
The table shows the 1982 version (a current variant is shown in the Roman-8 chapter).
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
Roman-8
HP Roman-8[2][20][6][21][22][23][24] (also known as HP Roman 8, HP Roman, hp-roman8, roman8, R8, code page 1051, CP1051 or ibm-1051[25][26] is an 8-bit single byte character encoding that is mainly used on HP-UX[2] and many Hewlett-Packard[9][10] and PCL compatible printers. The name Roman-8 appeared in 1983,[1] but a pre-cursor of the character set was already used by the HP 250 and HP 300 workstations since 1978/1979 as 8-bit Roman Extension.[16][17][18][19]
The original 1983/1984 version of Roman-8 still had some codepoints undefined.[3][7][8][4][27] In a 1985 revision codepoints 177 (Ý), 178 (ý), 242 (·), 243 (µ), 244 (¶) and 245 (¾) were added and the appearance of codepoint 228 was changed from a stroked d (đ) to an eth (ð).[5][6] This final revision of the character set was also standardized as codepage 1051 by IBM in 1989.[25][26]
In contrast to the newer HP Roman-9, HP Roman-8 does not officially provide a codepoint for the euro sign. However, one source recommends to map it to codepoint 186 (as in Roman-9),[6] whereas another recommends codepoint 128 (0x80),[22] which lines up with where the character can end up in the modified HP Roman-8 character set as well.
The following table shows the latest 1985 definition of the HP Roman-8 character set (with some remarks regarding former definitions and alternative interpretations). Each character is shown with a potential Unicode equivalent and its decimal code, however, sources differ in the recommended translations for some of the codes even among definitions from Hewlett-Packard[2] and IBM.[25][26]
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
Modified Roman-8
In 1984, Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP 110 / HP Portable personal computer followed by the HP 110 Plus / HP Portable Plus in 1985. In "HP mode" they supported a derivation of the 1984 revision of 8-bit HP Roman-8 (still lacking the six additional characters at codepoints 177 to 178 and 242 to 245, and with codepoint 228 still resembling a stroked d (đ)), but with 32 additional graphical symbols at codepoints 128 to 159.[7][8]
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
In 1986,[28] Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP-18C calculator and HP 82240A thermo printer,[28] which internally used an extended variant of the 1985 revision of the 8-bit HP Roman-8 character set (now with the six additional characters defined and with codepoint 228 already changed to an eth (ð)), but with the codepoints 127 (0x7F) and 160 (0xA0) as well as the control codes in the range 128 to 159 (0x80 to 0x9F) being replaced by additional displayable characters.[9][10][29] On the HP-28 series, characters above 147 (0x93) could not be displayed on the calculator, only be printed.[29][9][30]
There is no official codepoint definition for the euro sign in this modified character set. The HP 49/50 series of calculators use a different character set[31] based on ECMA-94 / ISO 8859-1 which includes the euro symbol. When printing to the HP 82240A printer via a user-defined translation vector defined in the PRTPAR variable,[32][33][34] the euro sign could be translated to f.e. codepoint 128 (0x80). Mapping the euro sign to code point 186 (0xBA) as in HP Roman-9 would be another choice.
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
Roman-9
HP Roman-9 (also known as HP Roman 9, hp-roman9, roman9 or R9) is a slight modification of the 8-bit HP Roman-8 character set where the general currency sign (¤) at codepoint 186 (0xBA) was replaced by the euro sign (€).[35][36] It was introduced in early 1999.[11]
Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined
| _0 | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _A | _B | _C | _D | _E | _F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0_–A_ | Template:Chset-color-undef colspan="16"|... | |||||||||||||||
| B_ | Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|¯ (‾) 00AF (203E) 176 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|Ý 00DD 177 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|ý 00FD 178 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|° (˚) 00B0 (02DA) 179 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|Ç 00C7 180 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|ç 00E7 181 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|Ñ 00D1 182 |
Template:Chset-color-intl|ñ 00F1 183 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|¡ 00A1 184 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|¿ 00BF 185 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|€ 20AC 186 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|£ 00A3 187 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|¥ 00A5 188 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|§ 00A7 189 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|ƒ 0192 190 |
Template:Chset-color-ext-punct|¢ 00A2 191 |
| C_–F_ | Template:Chset-color-undef colspan="16"|... | |||||||||||||||
| _0 | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _A | _B | _C | _D | _E | _F |
See also
References
- ^ a b Stone, Artie (1983-12-01). "Two for one printer program" (PDF). Computer News - For HP Field Personnel. 9 (3). Hewlett-Packard: 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "MPE XL Native Language Programmer's Guide" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard. p. figure A-2 in appendix A.[dead link]
- ^ a b "ThinkJet Printer - The Personal Printer from Hewlett-Packard - Reference Section". Hewlett-Packard. October 1984. p. B-2. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
- ^ a b "ThinkJet Printer - The Personal Printer from Hewlett-Packard - Reference Section" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard. March 1987. pp. D-2, D-3, 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Hewlett-Packard LaserJet Printer Family Soft Font Selection Guide (PDF). Hewlett-Packard. November 1986. HP-ID 26026-90924. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Roman-8 & Roman Extension: The Roman-8 and Roman Extension characters reflect the 1985 updates: 1. Six additional characters added to former blank positions. Ýý·µ¶¾ 2. Appearance of the lowercase đ character changed to ð.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "Roman-8 Character Set Codes" (PDF). 2007-02-16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Hewlett-Packard - Technical Reference Manual - Portable PLUS (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett-Packard Company, Portable Computer Division. August 1985. 45559-90001. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Hewlett-Packard - Technical Reference Manual - Portable PLUS (PDF) (2 ed.). Portable Computer Division, Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett-Packard Company. December 1986 [August 1985]. 45559-90006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 2016-11-28 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e HP 82240A Infrared Printer (PDF) (2 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett Packard, Portable Computer Division. October 1986. HP reorder number 82240-90001 (82240-90008). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d HP 82240B Infrared Printer (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett Packard. August 1989. pp. 17–18. HP reorder number 82240-90014. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b HP Deskjet 610C Benutzerhandbuch [HP Deskjet 610 User's Guide] (PDF) (in German) (1 ed.). Hewlett-Packard Company. March 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 2016-11-28 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Owner's Manual - 2671A printer - 2671G graphics printer" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard. October 1982. pp. 3-7–3-12, 6-4–6-14. HP part number 02670-90015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Character Sets for HP Emulation". Attachmate. 2005-06-02. Technical Note 1179. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Code page 1050" (PDF). IBM. 2014-04-16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Terry, F. Duncan (November 1978). "Versatile 400-lpm Line Printer with a Friction-Free Mechanism that Assures Long Life" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal. Hewlett-Packard: 20–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Peery, Dennis L. (April 1979). "HP 250 BASIC: A Friendly, Interactive, Powerful System Language" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal. 30 (4). Hewlett-Packard: 14–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Ha, Eric P. L.; Groff, James R. (June 1979). "The Integrated Display System and Terminal Access Method" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal. 30 (6). Hewlett-Packard: 6–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Knoll, Alfred F.; Marschke, Norman D. (July 1979). "An Innovative Programming and Operating Console" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal. 30 (7). Hewlett-Packard: 13–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Davis, Steve (1979-09-01). "European 2631A Users Beware!" (PDF). Computer Systems Newsletter - for HP Field Personnel. 4 (20). Hewlett-Packard: 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
009 - Roman Extension Set […] option 009 gives all the commonly used European characters a unique code. When this "Roman Extension" set is used in conjunction with the standard ASCII character set, the end result is a 256 character set represented by 8-bit code. The use of shift-in and shift-out characters is not required, since decimal codes 0 through 127 automatically access USASCII while codes 128 through 255 access the European characters. It is important to understand the differences between the two techniques and to know which technique is supported on a given system. The HP 250 and HP 300 support the 8-bit code technique, consequently, 2631A option 009 must be ordered to provide local language printing on these two systems. All other HP computer systems and the 264X terminals support the 7-bit code, shift-in/shift-out method.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bettencourt, Rebecca G. (2016-08-01) [1999]. "Character Encodings - Legacy Encodings - HP Roman-8". Kreative Korporation. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rossi, Markku (March 2003) [1998]. "HP Roman-8 character set". GNU enscript. 1.58. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "HP Roman-8, Hewlett Packard 8 Bit Character Encoding Scheme for Roman Letters (Latin)". Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Kostis, Kosta (2000-08-16). "HP Roman-8". 1.20. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Codepages / Ascii Table HP Roman-8". ASCII.ca. 2016 [2006]. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "SBCS code page information - CPGID: 01051 / Name: H-P Emulation, Roman 8". IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. 1. IBM. 1989-05-01. C-H 3-3220-050. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [1] [2] - ^ a b c "Code page 1051" (PDF). IBM. 2014-04-16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ JPC ROM - Quick Reference Guide (PDF). D. PPC Paris. 1988. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Nelson, Richard J. (May 2010). "HP 82240B IR Printer" (PDF). HP Solve (18). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ a b HP-28S Advanced Scientific Calculator Reference Manual (PDF) (4 ed.). Hewlett-Packard. November 1988 [October 1987]. pp. 266–267. HP 00028-90068. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Nungester, Rick (1988-08-18). "Infra-Red output converter". Luc Pauwels (published 2006-10-24). Archived from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Prange, James M. (2006-11-02). "Re: Those solid block characters in the characters menu". HP Forum Archive 16. The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC). Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rautenberg, Wolfgang (2004-05-09). "IOMAN - A small but powerful I/O manager for the HP49G/HP49g+". 5.2004. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [3] - ^ HP 50g / 49g+ / 48gII graphing calculator advanced user's reference manual (AUR) (2 ed.). Hewlett-Packard. 2009-07-14 [2005]. pp. 3–159, 3–160, J-1, J-2. HP F2228-90010. Retrieved 2015-10-10. Searchable PDF
- ^ Michon, Gérard P. (2012-09-22). "Printer - The HP 82240B thermal printer has been standard since 1989". V'Ger HP Calculators - HP-48gII, HP-49g, HP-49g+, HP-50g - A review of top programmable calculators - Final Answers. Archived from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "HP PCL/PJL Reference PCL 5 Comparison Guide" (PDF) (2 ed.). Hewlett-Packard Company, LP. June 2003. HP part-number 502-0378. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [4] - ^ Blackwell, Sally (2002). Lamandassa, Ingrid (ed.). "The Euro Symbol € on the 3000". Hewlett-Packard, Netherlands. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
- "Graphical View of Code Page 1051". ICU's Converter Explorer. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
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