Isaiah 59

Isaiah 59
Isaiah 59
← chapter 58 chapter 60 →
	Isaiah 57:17–59:9 in a part of Isaiah Scroll 1QIsab (made before 100 BCE) among the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran.
Book	Book of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	5
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	23

Isaiah 59 is the fifty-ninth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 56-66 are often referred to as Trito-Isaiah.^[1]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[2]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

1QIsa^a: all verses
1QIsa^b : extant verses 1–8, 20–21
4QIsa^h (4Q62): extant verses 15–16

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).^[3]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.^[4] Isaiah 59 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40 –66). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 59:1-14 {S} 59:15-21 {S}

Verse 1

Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save;

neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear:^[5]

Verse 2

But your iniquities have separated between you and your God,

and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear.^[6]

Verse 17

For He put on righteousness as a breastplate,

And a helmet of salvation on His head;

He put on the garments of vengeance for clothing,

And was clad with zeal as a cloak.^[7]

"Put on": from Hebrew root labash, "armed" or "clothed with armor"; this Hebrew term together with those of "helmet" (ko'ba), and "breastplate" (shiryon; "coat") are found in 1 Samuel 17:5.^[8]^[9]

The first two lines

"He put on (LXX: enedusato) righteousness as a breastplate (dikaiosunēn thōraka), and a helmet of salvation (perikephalaian sōtēriou) on His head"

are alluded in 1 Thessalonians 5:8:

"Putting on (Greek: endusamenoi^[10]) the breastplate of faith and love (thōraka pisteōs kai agapēs^[10]), and as a helmet the hope of salvation (perikephalaian elpida sōtērias^[10])"

where Paul changes "the breastplate of righteousness" to "the breastplate of faith and love", and adds "hope" to "the helmet of salvation".^[11]

The same lines is also alluded in Wisdom 5:18, which is presumably dependent of Isaiah:

"He will put on righteousness as a breastplate (Greek: endusetai thōraka dikaiosunēn), and he will don true judgement instead of a helmet."^[11]

Verse 21

As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the Lord;

My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth,

shall not depart out of thy mouth,

nor out of the mouth of thy seed,

nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed,

saith the Lord, from henceforth and for ever.^[12]

References

^ Oxford Reference, Overview: Bernhard Duhm accessed 6 September 2018
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
^ Isaiah 59:1
^ Isaiah 59:2 KJV
^ Isaiah 59:17 NKJV
^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - 1 Samuel 17. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.
^ Isaiah 59:17 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub
^ ^a ^b ^c 1 Thessalonians 5:8 Greek text analysis at Biblehub.com
^ ^a ^b Esler 2007, p. 1210.
^ Isaiah 59:21

Bibliography

Esler, Philip F. (2007). "71. 1 Thessalonians". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1199–1212. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

Isaiah 59 Original Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

Isaiah 59 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate

[1] Oxford Reference, Overview: Bernhard Duhm accessed 6 September 2018

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-2] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-3] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[4] As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.

[5] Isaiah 59:1

[6] Isaiah 59:2 KJV

[7] Isaiah 59:17 NKJV

[8] Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - 1 Samuel 17. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

[9] Isaiah 59:17 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub

[1Ths5_8Gr-10] 1 Thessalonians 5:8 Greek text analysis at Biblehub.com

[FOOTNOTEEsler20071210-11] Esler 2007, p. 1210.

[12] Isaiah 59:21

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