Kwasio language
| Kwasio | |
|---|---|
| Ngumba, Kola | |
| Native to | Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea |
| Region | along and near the coast at the border between Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea |
| Ethnicity | Kwasio, Gyele Pygmies |
Native speakers | (26,000 cited 1982–2012)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:nmg – Kwasio–Mvumbogyi – Gyele–Kola |
| Glottolog | mvum1239 |
A.81,801[2] | |
The Kwasio language, also known as Ngumba / Mvumbo, Bujeba, and Gyele / Kola, is a language of Cameroon, spoken in the south along the coast and at the border with Equatorial Guinea by some 70 000[citation needed] members of the Ngumba, Kwasio, Gyele and Mabi peoples.[citation needed] Many authors[3][4][5] view Kwasio and the Gyele/Kola language as distinct. In the Ethnologue, the languages therefore receive different codes: Kwasio has the ISO 639-3 code nmg,[6] while Gyele has the code gyi.[7] The Kwasio, Ngumba, and Mabi are village farmers; the Gyele (also known as the Kola or Koya) are nomadic Pygmy hunter-gatherers living in the rain forest.
Dialects are Kwasio (also known as Kwassio, Bisio), Mvumbo (also known as Ngumba, Ngoumba, Mgoumba, Mekuk), and Mabi (Mabea). The Gyele speak the subdialects of Mvumbo, Gyele in the north and Kola also known as Koya in the south, variously spelled Giele, Gieli, Gyeli, Bagiele, Bagyele, Bajele, Bajeli, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel and Likoya, Bako, Bakola, Bakuele, also Bekoe. The local derogatory term for pygmies, Babinga, is also used. Glottolog adds Shiwa.
Kwasio is a tonal language. As a Bantu language, it has noun class system. The Kwasio noun class system is somewhat reduced, having retained only 6 genders (a gender being a pairing of a singular and a plural noun class).
See also
The term Bakola is also used for the pygmies of the northern Congo–Gabon border region, which speak the Ngom language.
References
- ^ Kwasio–Mvumbo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Gyele–Kola at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Rénaud, Patrick (1976). Le bajeli. Phonologie, morphologie nominale. Vol. 1 et 2. Yaoundé: Les Dossiers de l'ALCAM. p. 27.
- ^ Grimm, Nadine (2015). A Grammar of Gyeli. Humboldt University Berlin: PhD thesis. p. 8.
- ^ Maho, Jouni F. (2009). "New Updated Guthrie List" (PDF). Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- ^ "Ethnologue: Kwasio". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- ^ "Ethnologue: Gyele". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- Serge BAHUCHET, 2006. "Languages of the African Rainforest « Pygmy » Hunter-Gatherers: Language Shifts without Cultural Admixture."[1] In Historical linguistics and hunter-gatherers populations in global perspective. Leipzig.
External links
- Bakola documentation project, DoBeS
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