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List of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia

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The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 47 World Heritage Sites in nine countries (also called "State parties") of Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Only Brunei and Timor-Leste (East Timor) lack World Heritage Sites.[1][2]

Indonesia lead the list with ten inscribed sites, followed by Thailand and Vietnam each have eight inscribed sites, with the Philippines has six, Malaysia five, Cambodia four, Laos three, Myanmar two, and Singapore one.[3] The first sites from the region were inscribed at the 15th session of the World Heritage Committee in 1991.[4] The latest sites inscribed are Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period in Thailand and the Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park's Caves Complex in Malaysia, inscribed in the 46th session of the Committee in 2024.[5] Each year, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites or delist those no longer meeting the criteria, the selection based on ten criteria of which six stand for cultural heritage (i–vi) and four for natural heritage (vii–x);[6] some sites are "mixed" and represent both types of heritage. In Southeast Asia, there are 32 cultural, 14 natural and 1 mixed sites.[3]

The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered, citing "conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List." One site in this region, Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, is listed as endangered; Angkor and Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were once listed but were taken off in 2004 and 2012 respectively.

By comparison with other world regions such as East Asia, South Asia, Middle East, Central America, and Western Europe, the designation of UNESCO sites in the Southeast Asian region has been regarded as 'too few and too slow' since the inception of the 21st century. Scholars from various Southeast Asian nations have suggested for the establishment of an inclusive Southeast Asian body that will cater to the gaps of the region's activities in UNESCO as the majority of nations in the region are underperforming in the majority of the lists adopted by UNESCO, notably the World Heritage List.

Legend

[edit]
The table is sortable by column by clicking on the at the top of the appropriate column; alphanumerically for the Site, Area, and Year columns; by state party for the Location column; and by criteria type for the Criteria column. Transborder sites sort at the bottom.
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

Site; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation[3]
Location; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
Criteria; as defined by the World Heritage Committee[6]
Area; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
Year; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
Description; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable.

World Heritage Sites

[edit]
  † In danger
Site Image Location Criteria Area
ha (acre) 		Year Description Refs
Angkor
Ruins of a large structure with five large towers at the top.
 Siem Reap Province,  Cambodia
13°26′N 103°50′E / 13.433°N 103.833°E / 13.433; 103.833 (Angkor) 		Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) 		40,100 (99,000) 1992 The site was listed as endangered from its inscription in times of political instability following the civil war in the 1980s to 2004. [7][8]
[9]
Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley
Lenggong Valley.
 Perak,  Malaysia
5°4′N 100°58′E / 5.067°N 100.967°E / 5.067; 100.967 (Lenggong Valley) 		Cultural:
(iii), (iv) 		398.64 (985.1); buffer zone 1,786.77 (4,415.2) 2012 [10]
Bagan
Bagan
 Mandalay Region,  Myanmar
21°10′00″N 94°52′00″E / 21.166667°N 94.866667°E / 21.166667; 94.866667 (Bagan) 		Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (vi) 		5,005.49 (12,368.8); buffer zone 18,146.83 (44,841.8) 2019 [11]
Ban Chiang Archaeological Site
Vase with red and white design.
 Udon Thani Province,  Thailand
17°32′55″N 103°47′23″E / 17.54861°N 103.78972°E / 17.54861; 103.78972 (Ban Chiang Archaeological Site) 		Cultural:
(iii) 		30 (74); buffer zone 760 (1,900) 1992 [12]
Baroque Churches of the Philippines
Manila; Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur; Paoay, Ilocos Norte and Miag-ao, Iloilo;  Philippines
14°35′24″N 120°58′12″E / 14.59000°N 120.97000°E / 14.59000; 120.97000 (Baroque Churches of the Philippines) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv)
—
 1993 [13]
Borobudur Temple Compounds
A terraced pyramid like structure with a stupa on top.
 Magelang Regency, Central Java,  Indonesia
7°36′28″S 110°12′13″E / 7.60778°S 110.20361°E / -7.60778; 110.20361 (Borobudur Temple Compounds) 		Cultural:
(i), (ii), (vi) 		25.51 (63.0); buffer zone 64.31 (158.9) 1991 Buddhist monument dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, located in Central Java. The monument structure is a large stepped pyramid crowned with rows of stupas. [14]
Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long - Hanoi
Stone tower on top of a stone wall. The wall has circular wheel-shaped windows and a red flag with yellow star is raised on top of the tower.
 Hanoi,  Vietnam
21°2′22″N 105°50′14″E / 21.03944°N 105.83722°E / 21.03944; 105.83722 (Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (vi) 		18.395 (45.46); buffer zone 108 (270) 2010 [15]
Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty
A gate built of massive grey stones.
 Tây Giai, Vĩnh Lộc District, Thanh Hóa Province,  Vietnam
20°4′41″N 105°36′17″E / 20.07806°N 105.60472°E / 20.07806; 105.60472 (Citadel of the Ho Dynasty) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv) 		155.5 (384); buffer zone 5,078.5 (12,549) 2011 [16]
Complex of Huế Monuments
Staircase leading to a building of dark stone. A simple decorated gate is at the top of the staircase.
 Thừa Thiên–Huế Province,  Vietnam
16°28′10″N 107°34′40″E / 16.46944°N 107.57778°E / 16.46944; 107.57778 (Complex of Hué Monuments) 		Cultural:
(iii), (iv) 		315.47 (779.5); buffer zone 71.93 (177.7) 1993 [17]
Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy
Jatiluwih Rice Terraces
 Bali,  Indonesia
8°20′0″S 115°0′0″E / 8.33333°S 115.00000°E / -8.33333; 115.00000 (Cultural Landscape of Bali Province) 		Cultural:
(iii), (v), (vi) 		19,519.9 (48,235); buffer zone 1,454.8 (3,595) 2012 [18]
Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex
Medium sized waterfall in a tropical forest.
 Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Nayok, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo and Buriram Provinces,  Thailand
14°20′N 102°3′E / 14.333°N 102.050°E / 14.333; 102.050 (Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex) 		Natural:
(x) 		615,500 (1,521,000) 2005 [19]
Gunung Mulu National Park
Sunset or sunrise over a mountain landscape with fog in the valleys.
 Northern Sarawak, Borneo,  Malaysia
4°8′N 114°55′E / 4.133°N 114.917°E / 4.133; 114.917 (Gunung Mulu National Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x) 		52,864 (130,630) 2000 [20]
Hạ Long Bay - Cát Bà Archipelago
Forested rocks in the sea.
 Quảng Ninh Province,  Vietnam
20°54′N 107°6′E / 20.900°N 107.100°E / 20.900; 107.100 (Ha Long Bay) 		Natural:
(vii), (viii) 		65,650 (162,200); buffer zone 34,140 (84,400) 1994[nb 1] [21]
Historic City of Ayutthaya
Ruins of stupas of various sizes.
 Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province,  Thailand
14°20′52″N 100°33′38″E / 14.34778°N 100.56056°E / 14.34778; 100.56056 (Historic City of Ayutthaya) 		Cultural:
(iii) 		289 (710) 1991 [22]
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns
Sukhothai and Kamphaeng Phet Provinces,  Thailand
17°0′26″N 99°47′23″E / 17.00722°N 99.78972°E / 17.00722; 99.78972 (Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns) 		Cultural:
(i), (iii) 		11,852 (29,290) 1991 [23]
Historic Town of Vigan
Street of three-storied ramshackle colonial style buildings.
 Ilocos Sur,  Philippines
17°34′30″N 120°23′15″E / 17.57500°N 120.38750°E / 17.57500; 120.38750 (Historic Town of Vigan) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv) 		17.25 (42.6) 1999 [24]
Hội An Ancient Town
Street lined by rows of two-storied stone houses opening onto the street.
 Hội An, Quảng Nam Province,  Vietnam
15°53′0″N 108°20′0″E / 15.88333°N 108.33333°E / 15.88333; 108.33333 (Hoi An Ancient Town) 		Cultural:
(ii), (v) 		30 (74); buffer zone 280 (690) 1999 [25]
Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex
Kaeng Krachan National Park
 Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces,  Thailand
13°14′N 5°5′E / 13.233°N 5.083°E / 13.233; 5.083 (Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex) 		Natural:
(x) 		408,940 (1,010,500) 2021 [26]
Kinabalu Park
Mountain with a rocky top and forested slopes. There is a narro high waterfall on one side of the mountain slope.
 Sabah, Borneo,  Malaysia
6°15′N 116°30′E / 6.250°N 116.500°E / 6.250; 116.500 (Kinabalu Park) 		Natural:
(ix), (x) 		75,370 (186,200) 2000 [27]
Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar
Prasat Prang, the Pyramid of Koh Ker
 Preah Vihear Province,  Cambodia
13°46′59″N 104°32′14″E / 13.78306°N 104.53722°E / 13.78306; 104.53722 (Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv) 		1,187.61 (2,934.6); buffer zone 3,523.77 (8,707.4) 2023 [28]
Komodo National Park
Komodo dragon at Komodo National Park, Indonesia.
 East Nusa Tenggara,  Indonesia
8°33′S 119°29′E / 8.550°S 119.483°E / -8.550; 119.483 (Komodo National Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (x) 		219,322 (541,960) 1991 [29]
Lorentz National Park
A rocky mountain ridge.
 Papua,  Indonesia
4°45′S 137°50′E / 4.750°S 137.833°E / -4.750; 137.833 (Lorentz National Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x) 		2,350,000 (5,800,000) 1999 [30]
Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang - Plain of Jars
Xiangkhouang Province,  Laos
19°25′48″N 103°9′10.8″E / 19.43000°N 103.153000°E / 19.43000; 103.153000 (Plain of Jars) 		Cultural: (iii) 174.56 (431.3); buffer zone 1,012.94 (2,503.0) 2019 Located on a plateau in central Laos, gets its name from more than 2,100 tubular-shaped megalithic stone jars used for funerary practices in the Iron Age. [31]
Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca
Town scene with three-storied red houses and a red church. There is a three-storied clock tower standing on a square.
 Malacca and Penang, Malay Peninsula,  Malaysia
5°25′17″N 100°20′45″E / 5.42139°N 100.34583°E / 5.42139; 100.34583 (Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv) 		154.68 (382.2); buffer zone 392.8 (971) 2008 [32]
Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
Mount Hamiguitan.
 Davao Oriental,  Philippines
6°43′2″N 126°10′24″E / 6.71722°N 126.17333°E / 6.71722; 126.17333 (Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary) 		Natural:
(x) 		16,923.07 (41,817.8); buffer zone 9,729.47 (24,042.0) 2014 [33]
Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary
Ruins of buildings of red stone with niches and sculptures. The roof of one of the structures is partially covered in grass.
 Duy Phú, Duy Xuyên District, Quảng Nam Province,  Vietnam
15°31′0″N 108°34′0″E / 15.51667°N 108.56667°E / 15.51667; 108.56667 (My Son Sanctuary) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iii) 		142 (350); buffer zone 920 (2,300) 1999 [34]
Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto
Ombilin coal mine on 1971.
 West Sumatra,  Indonesia
0°40′0″S 100°47′0″E / 0.66667°S 100.78333°E / -0.66667; 100.78333 (Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto) 		Cultural:
(ii),(iv) 		268.18 (662.7); buffer zone 7,356.92 (18,179.3) 2019 Sawahlunto is the oldest coal mining town in South East Asia. At the end of the 19th century, Dutch Indies had discovered and further exploited coal in Sawahlunto. [35]
Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park
Landscape with river and densely forested hills.
 Bố Trạch and Minh Hóa districts, Quảng Bình Province,  Vietnam
17°32′14″N 106°9′5″E / 17.53722°N 106.15139°E / 17.53722; 106.15139 (Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park) 		Natural:
(viii) 		123,326 (304,750); buffer zone 220,055 (543,770) 2003 [36]
Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period
A rock formation with some masonry visible.
 Udon Thani Province,  Thailand Cultural:
(iii), (v) 		585.955 (1,447.93); buffer zone 598.806 (1,479.68) 2024 [37]
Prambanan Temple Compounds
The main shrine of Prambanan temple compound dedicated to Shiva, surrounded by numbers of smaller shrines.
 Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta,  Indonesia
7°45′8″S 110°29′30″E / 7.75222°S 110.49167°E / -7.75222; 110.49167 (Prambanan Temple Compounds) 		Cultural:
(i), (iv)
—
 1991 [38]
Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park
A river flowing into a cave.
 Palawan,  Philippines
10°10′0″N 118°55′0″E / 10.16667°N 118.91667°E / 10.16667; 118.91667 (Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (x) 		22,202 (54,860) 1999 [39]
Pyu Ancient Cities
Bawbawgyi Pagoda at Sri Ksetra, prototype of Pagan-era pagodas.
 Mandalay, Magway, Bago,  Myanmar
22°28′12″N 95°49′7″E / 22.47000°N 95.81861°E / 22.47000; 95.81861 (Pyu Ancient Cities) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv) 		5,809 (14,350); buffer zone 6,790 (16,800) 2014 [40]
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
Batad Rice Terraces.
 Ifugao, Cordillera Region,  Philippines
16°56′2″N 121°8′12″E / 16.93389°N 121.13667°E / 16.93389; 121.13667 (Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras) 		Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (v)
—
 1995 [41][42]
Sangiran Early Man Site
Upper part of a petrified skull including some teeth.
 Central Java,  Indonesia
7°24′0″S 110°49′0″E / 7.40000°S 110.81667°E / -7.40000; 110.81667 (Sangiran Early Man Site) 		Cultural:
(iii), (vi) 		5,600 (14,000) 1996 [43]
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Music was played at this gazebo, known as the Bandstand, in the Singapore Botanic Gardens in the 1930s
 Central Region,  Singapore
1°18′55″N 103°48′58″E / 1.31528°N 103.81611°E / 1.31528; 103.81611 (Singapore Botanic Gardens) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv) 		49 (120); buffer zone 137 (340) 2015 [44]
Temple of Preah Vihear
Ruins of a stone building erected on a stone platform. The roof above the main entrance is decorated.
 Preah Vihear Province,  Cambodia
14°23′26″N 104°40′49″E / 14.39056°N 104.68028°E / 14.39056; 104.68028 (Temple of Preah Vihear) 		Cultural:
(i) 		154.7 (382); buffer zone 2,642.5 (6,530) 2008 [45]
Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura
A temple in Sambor Prei Kuk.
 Kompung Thom Province,  Cambodia
12°52′15″N 105°2′35″E / 12.87083°N 105.04306°E / 12.87083; 105.04306 (Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (vi) 		840.03 (2,075.8); buffer zone 2,523.6 (6,236) 2017 [46]
The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati Monuments
Ancient ruins in a forest
 Phetchabun Province,  Thailand Cultural:
(ii), (iii) 		866.471 (2,141.10); buffer zone 3,824.148 (9,449.68) 2023 [47]
The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park's Caves Complex
An external forest view from a cave
 Miri Division, Sarawak,  Malaysia Cultural:
(iii), (v)3°48′50″N 113°46′53″E / 3.81389°N 113.78139°E / 3.81389; 113.78139 (Niah) 		3,690 (9,100); buffer zone 344 (850) 2024 [48]
The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks
Pagelaran front hall of Kraton Yogya
 Special Region of Yogyakarta,  Indonesia Cultural:
(ii), (iii) 		42.22 (104.3); buffer zone 291.17 (719.5) 2023 The 6 km north-south axis central axis of Yogyakarta is positioned to link Mount Merapi and the Indian Ocean, with the Kraton at its centre, has become a centre of government and Javanese cultural traditions. [49]
Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries
A river flowing through a forested mountain landscape.
 Kanchanaburi, Tak and Uthai Thani Provinces,  Thailand
15°20′N 98°55′E / 15.333°N 98.917°E / 15.333; 98.917 (Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries) 		Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x) 		622,200 (1,537,000) 1991 [50]
Town of Luang Prabang
Stone building with golden decorated entrance, stacked and very steep roofs.
 Luang Prabang Province,  Laos
19°53′20″N 102°8′0″E / 19.88889°N 102.13333°E / 19.88889; 102.13333 (Town of Luang Prabang) 		Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (v) 		820 (2,000); buffer zone 12,560 (31,000) 1995 [51]
Tràng An Landscape Complex
Tam Cốc in Hoa Lư Ancient Capital
 Ninh Binh Province,  Vietnam
20°15′24″N 105°53′47″E / 20.25667°N 105.89639°E / 20.25667; 105.89639 (Trang An - Ninh Binh) 		Mixed:
(v), (vii), (viii) 		6,226 (15,380); buffer zone 6,026 (14,890) 2014 [52]
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra†
Sumatra,  Indonesia
2°30′S 101°30′E / 2.500°S 101.500°E / -2.500; 101.500 (Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra) 		Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x) 		2,595,124 (6,412,690) 2004 [53][54]
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
Shark and corrals.
 Cagayancillo, Palawan,  Philippines
8°57′12″N 119°52′3″E / 8.95333°N 119.86750°E / 8.95333; 119.86750 (Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x) 		96,828 (239,270) 1993[nb 2] [55][56]
Ujung Kulon National Park
Rocky ground within a tropical forest.
 Banten and Lampung,  Indonesia
6°45′S 105°20′E / 6.750°S 105.333°E / -6.750; 105.333 (Ujung Kulon National Park) 		Natural:
(vii), (x) 		78,525 (194,040) 1991 [57]
Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape
Ruins of stone buildings in a very green lush mountain landscape.
 Champasak Province,  Laos
14°50′54″N 105°49′20″E / 14.84833°N 105.82222°E / 14.84833; 105.82222 (Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape) 		Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (vi) 		39,000 (96,000) 2001 [58]

Location of sites

[edit]

Southeast Asia has the fewest UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Asia, next to Central and North Asia, despite being the base of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific headquarters located in Bangkok, Thailand and having a diverse line of natural and cultural heritage sites. Due to this, numerous scholars have been calling on Southeast Asian governments to participate and nominate more sites in UNESCO annually.

Various institutions have also criticized UNESCO for its 'Europe-centric' designations. An example of which was when UNESCO declared 10 UNESCO sites in Italy (a European country) in just a single year (1997). During the same time, 8 sites were declared for the entire Asian continent, where no designated site was located in Southeast Asia at all.[59]

Green - Natural; Yellow - Cultural; Blue - Mixed; Red - In danger

class=notpageimage|
Location of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia

Performance of Southeast Asia in UNESCO

[edit]

The performance of Southeast Asia is contrasted by the performance of South and East Asia. Southeast Asian countries are in blue.

Tentative List

[edit]

Brunei and Timor-Leste currently have no tentative list sites. Both Brunei and Timor-Leste are presently undergoing comprehensive research for tentative site submissions [citation needed]. The latest countries revised their tentative lists are the Philippines and Thailand in 2024.

The following lists are the current nomination process for each country.

Cambodia

[edit]

There are currently 7 sites on the tentative list.

Indonesia

[edit]

There are currently 19 sites on the tentative list.[60]

Laos

[edit]

There are currently 2 sites on the tentative list.

Malaysia

[edit]

There are currently 5 sites on the tentative list.

Myanmar

[edit]

There are currently 15 sites on the tentative list.[62]

Philippines

[edit]

There are currently 25 sites on the tentative list.[63]

Singapore

[edit]

There is currently 1 site on the tentative list.

Thailand

[edit]

There are currently 6 sites on the tentative list.[64]

Vietnam

[edit]

There are currently 7 sites on the tentative list.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ First inscription as Ha Long Bay. Extended inscription in 2000 to include natural criterion (i) (in present nomenclature criterion (vii)) and extended again in 2023 to include Cat Ba Archipelago and name change to the present name.
  2. ^ First inscription as Tubbataha Reef Marine Park. Extended in 2009 and name change to the present name.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Number of World Heritage Properties by region". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  2. ^ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". Geographical region and composition of each region. United Nations Statistics Division. 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  3. ^ a b c "World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  4. ^ "Number of World Heritage properties inscribed each Year". UNESCO. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  5. ^ "New Inscribed Properties 2023+2022". UNESCO. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  6. ^ a b "The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  7. ^ "Angkor". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  8. ^ 16th session 1992, pp. 37–38, annex VI
  9. ^ 28th session 2004, pp. 66–67
  10. ^ "Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley". UNESCO. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  11. ^ "Bagan". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  12. ^ "Ban Chiang Archaeological Site". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  13. ^ "Baroque Churches of the Philippines". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  14. ^ "Borobudur Temple Compounds". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  15. ^ "Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  16. ^ "Citadel of the Ho Dynasty". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  17. ^ "Complex of Hué Monuments". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  18. ^ "Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  19. ^ "Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  20. ^ "Gunung Mulu National Park". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  21. ^ "Ha Long Bay". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  22. ^ "Historic City of Ayutthaya". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  23. ^ "Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  24. ^ "Historic Town of Vigan". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  25. ^ "Hoi An Ancient Town". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  26. ^ "Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex". UNESCO. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  27. ^ "Kinabalu Park". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  28. ^ "Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar". UNESCO. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  29. ^ "Komodo National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  30. ^ "Lorentz National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  31. ^ "Seven cultural sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  32. ^ "Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  33. ^ "Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  34. ^ "My Son Sanctuary". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  35. ^ "Ombilin coal mine makes it into UNESCO World Heritage list". Antara News. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
  36. ^ "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  37. ^ "Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  38. ^ "Prambanan Temple Compounds". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  39. ^ "Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  40. ^ "Pyu Ancient Cities". UNESCO. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  41. ^ "Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  42. ^ "Examination of nominations of cultural and natural properties to the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2001. pp. 139–141. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  43. ^ "Sangiran Early Man Site". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  44. ^ "Singapore Botanic Gardens". UNESCO. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  45. ^ "Temple of Preah Vihear". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  46. ^ "Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  47. ^ "The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati Monuments". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  48. ^ "The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park's Caves Complex". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  49. ^ "The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  50. ^ "Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  51. ^ "Town of Luang Prabang". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  52. ^ "Trang An Landscape Complex". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  53. ^ "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra". UNESCO. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  54. ^ "Danger listing for Indonesia's Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  55. ^ "Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  56. ^ "Decision - 33COM 8B.3 - Natural properties - Extension of properties already inscribed on the World Heritage List - Tubbataha Reef Marine Park (Philippines)". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  57. ^ "Ujung Kulon National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  58. ^ "Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
  59. ^ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre - World Heritage List". whc.unesco.org.
  60. ^ "'Tempo Doeloe' Coal Mine Declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco".
  61. ^ "Lacking 'authenticity', Kota Tua fails to make UNESCO heritage list".
  62. ^ "Culture Ministry to Nominate Bagan, Mrauk U, Shwedagon for UNESCO Recognition". 29 June 2017.
  63. ^ "Mayon Volcano Natural Park on list of nominees for World Heritage Status". 28 April 2015.
  64. ^ "Tentative Lists of Thailand". UNESCO. Retrieved 13 January 2022.

General sources

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