From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with non-obvious derivations of some smaller bodies; in some cases these are accompanied by their demonymic equivalents, which denote purported inhabitants of these bodies.
For Classical (Greco-Roman) names, the adjectival form is normally derived from the genitive case , which may differ from the nominative case used in English for the noun form. For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the genitive and therefore the adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Isis–Isidian and Ceres–Cererian;[note 1]
occasionally an -n has been lost from the noun form, and reappears in the adjective, as in Pluto–Plutonian and Atlas–Atlantean.[note 2]
Many of the more recent or more obscure names are only attested in mythological or literary contexts, rather than in specifically astronomical contexts. Forms ending in -ish or -ine, such as "Puckish", are not included below if a derivation in -an is also attested. Rare forms, or forms only attested with spellings not in keeping with the IAU -approved spelling (such as c for k ), are shown in italics .
Note on pronunciation
The suffix -ian is always unstressed: that is, . The related suffix -ean has traditionally been stressed, that is, ; but in practice it is often pronounced as if it were -ian. This dichotomy should be familiar from the dual pronunciations of Caribbean as karr-i-BEE -ən and kə-RIB -i-ən .
Generic bodies
Name
Adjective
asteroid
asteroidal, asteroidic
comet
cometary
cosmos , universe
cosmic, cosmian, universal
ecliptic
ecliptical, zodiacal
galaxy
galactic, galactian
meteoroid
meteoroidal
nebula
nebular
planet
planetary, planetic
planetoid
planetoidal
quasar
quasaric, quasarian
sky
celestial
star
astral, sidereal, siderean , stellar
supernova
supernovan
Constellations
Adjectival forms of constellations are used primarily for meteor showers . These are based on the genitive form of the constellation, which is used to name stars. (See List of constellations .) Independent adjectival forms are less common.
Sun
Name
Adjective
Demonym
Sun , Sol, Helios
Solar, Heliacal, Phoebean, Phebean a
Solarian
Planets
Planets
Name
Adjective
Demonym
Earth , Terra, Tellus , Gaia, Gaea
earthly, Terran, Terrestrial, Terrene, Tellurian,[1] Telluric, Gaian, Gaean
Earthling , Terran, Terrestrial, Tellurian, Earthian
Jupiter
Jovian, Jovial, Jupiterian
Jovian
Mars
Martian, Martial, Arean a [2]
Martian
Mercury ; Hermes (in the evening), Apollo (in the morning)
Mercurian, Mercurial, Hermean/Hermeian, Cyllenian ,a [3] Cyllenean a
Mercurian, Hermean
Neptune
Neptunian, Neptunial a , Poseideana [4]
Neptunian
Saturn
Saturnian, Saturnine, Cronian,[4] Kronian,[5] Saturnial a [6]
Saturnian
Uranus
Uranian
Uranian
Venus ; Hesperus , Vesper (in the evening), Eosphorus, Phosphorus, Phosphor (in the morning), Lucifer (in the day)
Venerian, Venerial, Venusian, Cytherean ,[7] Cytherian ,a [8] Hesperian,[9] Luciferian, a [10] Phosphorian, a [11]
Venusian, Cytherean, Vesuvian a
a Rare.
Planetoids
Asteroids
Name
Adjective
91 Aegina
Aeginetan[12]
29 Amphitrite
Amphitritean
99942 Apophis
Apophian[13]
404 Arsinoe
Arsinoean[14]
105 Artemis
Artemidean,[15] Artemidian,[16] Artemisian[17]
5 Astraea
Astraean[1]
94 Aurora
Aurorean, Auroral[18]
2063 Bacchus
Bacchian,[19] Bacchean,[20] Bacchic (adj. only)
324 Bamberga
Bambergian,[18] Bambergean
199 Byblis
Byblian[21]
1 Ceres
Cererian,[22] Cererean a [23]
388 Charybdis
Charybdian[18]
34 Circe
Circean[18]
763 Cupido
Cupidian, Cupidinian
403 Cyane
Cyanean
65 Cybele
Cybelean, Cybelian
133 Cyrene
Cyrenian, Cyrenean[18]
511 Davida
Davidian[24]
209 Dido
Didonian[25]
423 Diotima
Diotiman, Diotimean, Diotimian
48 Doris
Dorian[18]
60 Echo
Echonian ,[26] Echoic (adj. only)
13 Egeria
Egerian
59 Elpis
Elpidian[27]
221 Eos
Eoan [28] [29]
163 Erigone
Erigonian [30]
433 Eros
Erotian [31]
45 Eugenia
Eugenian
15 Eunomia
Eunomian
31 Euphrosyne
Euphrosynean, Euphrosynian
52 Europa
(as the moon)
27 Euterpe
Euterpean
8 Flora
Florian [citation needed ]
1036 Ganymed
(as the moon)
1272 Gefion
Gefionian[32]
See additional minor planet forms .
Trojans, Centaurs, and TNOs
Name
Adjective
588 Achilles
Achillean[18]
911 Agamemnon
Agamemnonian[63]
55576 Amycus
Amycian[64]
65489 Ceto
Cetoean, Cetèan [65]
19521 Chaos
Chaotian[66]
2060 Chiron
Chironian, Chironean
53311 Deucalion
Deucalionean, Deucalionian
Eris
Eridian[67]
624 Hektor
Hectorian[68]
28978 Ixion
Ixionian[69]
58534 Logos
Logian[70]
Makemake
Makemakean[71]
7066 Nessus
Nessian[72]
Nunam
Nunaup(ian) [73]
90482 Orcus
Orcean,[74] Orcan
617 Patroclus
Patroclean[75]
Pluto
Plutonian[18]
38083 Rhadamanthus
Rhadamanthean, Rhadamanthian, Rhadamanthyan, Rhadamanthan, Rhadamanthine, Rhadamanthyne
Sila
Silaup(ian) [73]
Varuna
Varunian[76]
42355 Typhon
Typhonian, Typhonean[77]
Moons
Saturn
Name
Adjective, demonym
Aegaeon
Aegaeonic[114] (adj. only)
Albiorix
Albiorigian (expected)[115]
Anthe
? Anthean[116]
Atlas
Atlantean[117]
Bebhionn
Bebhionnian (expected)
Calypso
Calypsonian[18]
Daphnis
Daphnean,[118] Daphnidian,[119] Daphnidean [120]
Dione
Dionean[121] [122]
Enceladus
Enceladan,[123] [124] Enceladean,[125] [126] Enceladian[82]
Epimetheus
Epimethean[127] [128]
Erriapus
Erriapian (expected[129] )
Fenrir
Fenrian[130]
Helene
Helenean[131]
Hyperion
Hyperionian[132]
Iapetus
Iapetian,[133] Japetian[18]
Ijiraq
Ijiraup(ian), Ijiraqan [73]
Janus
Janian[134] [135]
Kiviuq
Kiviup(ian), Kiviuqan [73]
Methone
Methonean[136]
Mimas
Mimantean,[126] Mimantian,[137] Mimasian[138]
Paaliaq
Paaliap(ian), Paaliaqan [73]
Pallene
Pallenean[139]
Pan
Pandean[18]
Pandora
Pandoran[18] [140]
Phoebe
Phoebean (also rare for the Sun)[18]
Polydeuces
Polydeucean,[141] Polydeucian[142]
Prometheus
Promethean[18] [123]
Rhea
Rhean[143] [144]
Siarnaq
Siarnaup(ian), Siarnaqan [73]
Skathi
Skathian[145]
Surtur
Surtian (expected)[146]
Suttungr
Suttungian (expected)[146]
Tarqeq
Tarqiup ,[147] Tarqeqian, Tarqiupian[73]
Tarvos
Tarvian (expected)[148]
Telesto
Telestoan or Telestonian (expected[87] [149] )
Tethys
Tethyan[18] [150] [151]
Thrymr
Thrymian (expected)[146]
Titan
Titanian (also of Titania),[152] [153] Titanean [154]
Ymir
Ymirian[155]
Galaxies
See also
Notes
^ This is reflected in Russian and Italian , where both nominal and adjectival forms derive from the genitive:
Russian
Transcription
Italian
English noun
English adjective
Плутон
Pluton
Pluton e
Pluto
Pluton ian
Юнона
Junon a
Giunon e
Juno
Junon ian
Церера
Tserer a
Cerer e
Ceres
Cerer ian
Атлант
Atlant
Atlant e
Atlas
Atlant ean
Мимант
Mimant
Mimant e ~ Mima
Mimas
Mimant ean
Паллада
Pallad a
Pallad e
Pallas
Pallad ian
Эрида
Erid a
Erid e
Eris
Erid ian
Ирида
Irid a
Irid e
Iris
Irid ian
Метида
Metid a
Metid e ~ Meti
Metis
Metid ian
Фетида
Fetid a
Tetid e ~ Teti
Thetis
Thetid ian
Изида
Izid a
Isid e ~ Isi
Isis
Isid ian
Эрот
Erot
(Eros)
Eros
Erot ian
(Italian Erot e is avoided for euphemistic reasons; the alternative forms Mima, Meti, Teti, Isi are loans from the French.)
However, in other cases the final consonant is not part of the root and so is dropped in Russian and Italian:
Russian
Transcription
Italian
English noun
English adjective
Икар
Ikar
Icaro
Icarus
Icarian
Харибда
Haribda
Cariddi
Charybdis
Charybdian
Ахилл
Ahill
Achille
Achilles
Achillean
Несс
Ness
Nesso
Nessus
Nessian
Орк
Ork
Orco
Orcus
Orcean
This approach is not foolproof; note Italian Eros above and Russian Немесида Nemesid a (Nemesis), but Italian Nemesi and English adj. Nemesian .
^ Other cases of epenthetic -n- are not original to the root, but are added to form an adjective by analogy with Plutonian , as in Calliston ian for Callistoan .
References
^ a b Announcement of the discovery of Astraea in The Eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art, v. 8, p. 279 (1846)
^ "Schiaparelli on Mars" (1895 [1894]) Nature, v. 51
^ Lewis (1888) A Latin dictionary for schools
^ a b "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF) . NASA. September 2004. Retrieved 26 January 2016 .
^ Müller et al. (2010) Azimuthal plasma flow in the Kronian magnetosphere , J. Geophys. Res. 115, A08203
^ Pennsylvania school journal, v. 29 (1880)
^ Raitala (1993) "Crustal tectonic zone on Venus", Earth, Moon, and Planets , v. 64, no. 2
^ "A theoretical study of the martian and cytherian ionospheres", NASA Technical Reports Server, JPL-TR-32-398
^ Goodsell Observatory (1909) Popular astronomy , v. 17
^ Duffy (2009) The Constitution of Shelley's Poetry
^ Boardman (2001) The poems of Francis Thompson
^ Figueira (1981) Aegina, society and politics
^ British & foreign evangelical review (1880) Paterson, Exell
^ Cohen (1995) The Hellenistic settlements in Europe, the islands, and Asia Minor
^ Sophocles (1902 trans.)
^ Dowden (1989) Death and the maiden: girls' initiation rites in Greek mythology
^ Fischer-Hansen & Poulsen (2009) From Artemis to Diana
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Listed in any reasonably complete dictionary
^ Müller (1847) Ancient art and its remains: or a manual of the archaeology of art Tournoy (1999) Humanistica Lovaniensia: Journal of Neo-Latin Studies , vol. 48
^ Sanxay (1811) Lexicon Aristophanicum, græco-anglicum
^ The works of Lucian (1780)
^ Rüpke (2007) A companion to Roman religion
^ Booth (1923) Flowers of Roman poesy
^ adj. form of the masc. 'David'
^ Taylor (1989) Chaucer reads "The divine comedy"
^ Dryden (1738) The Conversation of Gentlemen
^ American ecclesiastical review, v. 21 (1899)
^ Whitney & Smith (1897) The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
^ A selection from the poetry of Samuel Daniel & Michael Drayton (1899)
^ Publius Ovidius Naso, John Gower (1640) Ovids Festivalls
^ Expected from the name of his festival, Erōtia .
^ Charles Dickens, ed. 1861. All the year round , 4:445.
^ Sartain's union magazine of literature and art, v. 10 (1852)
^ a b c The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1911)
^ as in Icarian flights
^ Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis: Virgil, with English notes (1843)
^ Douglas (1914) A theory of civilisation
^ "Junonian asteroids" in The North British review, v. 18 (1853)
^ Conington (1867) The Aeneid of Virgil
^ Metamorphosis: the Transfiguration in Byzantine theology and iconography (2005) Andreopoulos
^ A handbook of Rome and its environs (1875)
^ James Joyce's Ulysses: critical essays (1974) Hart & Hayman
^ Hornum (1993) Nemesis, the Roman state and the games
^ Hilpert & Kärcher (1846) A dictionary of the English and German, and the German and English language
^ Peery (1963) Studies in the Renaissance , vol. 10
^ Curtis (1994) The imprisoned hero in Camus, Beckett, and Desvignes
^ Katz (2004) The complete elegies of Sextus Propertius
^ Stein (2004) Persephone Unveiled
^ Schiller (1978) Roman law
^ Martial (1782) The epigrams of M. Val. Martial, in twelve books
^ Astronomy now , Volume 22 (2008)
^ Herbert (1828) Nimrod: a discourse on certain passages of history and fable , vol. 2
^ Stevenson (1806) Trafalgar, or The victory over the combined fleets of France and Spain
^ Hudson, "Gravitational Isopotentials on Toutatis"
^ Readings: the poetics of Blanchot, Joyce, Kafka, Kleist, Lispector, and Tsvetayeva (1991) Cixous
^ James Morrow (1990) City of Truth
^ Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2010) Dawn Journal, March 28
^ Tsiolkovsky (1960) The call of the cosmos
^ Meteoritics & planetary science , Volume 42, Issues 6–8, 2007
^ Origin and evolution of Earth , National Research Council et al. , 2008
^ 'Vestalian' is of those associated with Vesta (as the vestal virgins ), not of Vesta her/itself, though the latter use is occasionally found, e.g. in Worlds of tomorrow, v. 4, n. 1-3, p. 58 (1966)
^ generally used for Xanthus
^ Browning (1877) The Agamemnon of Aeschylus
^ trans. of Vergil, The Aeneid
^ Herbert (1828) Nimrod: a discourse on certain passages of history and fable, v. 3
^ Thayer (1994) Gray world, green heart
^ David Morrison (2008) Ask an Astrobiologist
^ trans. of the Iliad
^ Richards (1980) English verse, 1830-1890, v. 6
^ Holdsworth (1913) Gospel origins: a study in the synoptic problem
^ Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, no. 3-5 (1953)
^ Lamb (1836) Elia
^ a b c d e f g Regular derivation of Inuktitut names replaces the absolutive case suffix -q with genitive -p (-up after a single vowel; see [1] ), though anglicized forms in -ian might be expected to be more productive.
^ Angley (1847) De Clifford, the philosopher
^ Riggs (1972) The Christian poet in Paradise lost
^ Duchesne-Guillemin (1958) The Western response to Zoroaster
^ The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language lists 'Typhoëan' as the only 'correct' form, but erroneously considered Typhon to be distinct from Typhoëus.
^ Kazue Takahashi (2006) Magnetospheric ULF waves: synthesis and new directions .
^ Dryden (1895) Plutarch's lives , v. 3
^ 'Aitnean' not attested. Ætnean in e.g. Tonson & Draper (1750) The works of Spenser , v. 4
^ Bacon & Basil Montagu (1848) The works of Francis Bacon , v. 1
^ a b c d e f Yenne (1987) The Atlas of the Solar System . Note: The adjectival forms in this book generally do not match literary forms, and are not in general found elsewhere in astronomical literature.
^ Tuft & Holt (ca. 1900) The Aoedean Collection
^ a b c d Based on Arsinoe –Arsinoean, names ending in -oe may be expected to have derivatives in -oean .
^ Harland (2000) Jupiter odyssey: the story of NASA's Galileo mission
^ Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , v.71, 1911
^ a b c d based on other names ending in ω, such as Callisto
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l based on other names ending in η, such as Cyllene
^ Six books of the Æneid of Virgil (1877)
^ Elarian has been used in Star Trek fan fiction, but is not attested for the Classical name.
^ Science , v. 216, p. 1218 (1982)
^ Dunton (1703) The Athenian oracle; an entire collection of all the valuable questions and answers in the old Athenian mercuries, by a member of the Athenian society
^ expected from Greek -ία and by analogy with Orthosie
^ Greenberg (2005) Europa: the ocean moon
^ Journal of geophysical research, v. 95 (1990)
^ Wilson & Strangway (1980) The Continental crust and its mineral deposits
^ of Hermippos, as in Littell's Living Age, v. 96 (1868)
^ "Electron Beams and Ion Composition Measured at Io and in Its Torus", Science , 1996 October 18
^ Naoya (1996) Shiga Naoya's A dark night's passing
^ Robertson (1895) trans. of Victor Hugo, A Hymn of the Earth
^ rare; as 'Calycian Lounge' in Interiors, v. 109 p. 66 (1949)
^ Hansos & Rolfe (1865) Selections from Ovid and Virgil
^ Monteith (2007) Yeats and theosophy
^ Per Classical Latin ''Metid- , Russian Метида Metida , and Italian Metide
^ Beloe (1821) Herodotus
^ Milesi (2003) James Joyce and the difference of language
^ Akurgal (1978) The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology
^ Banier (1740) The mythology and fables of the ancients , v. 4
^ Özal (2004) Chemical characterization of Sinopean archeological common ware
^ Schiff (2010) How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes
^ Lemprière (1827) A classical dictionary
^ 'Taygetean' is uncommon, but found in Zaffran (1990) Contributions à la flore et à la végétation de la Crète, v. 1
^ Alexander (1999) The complete Odes and Satires of Horace
^ Case and comment , v. 81 (1977)
^ Ogam: tradition celtique, v. 15, p. 358 (1967)
^ Pausânias & Levi (1971) Central Greece
^ Chambers's English dictionary (1872)
^ Neander (1845) The life of St. Chrysostom, v. 1
^ Hull (1970) Visions of Handy Hopper, v. 6
^ 'Daphnidean' is a regular derivation, but rare. [Smid (1965) Protevangelium Jacobi ]
^ Anthon (1849) The Aeneïd of Virgil
^ JPL (2007) Cassini Equinox Mission: Dionean Linea
^ a b Lebowitz (1970) Progress into silence: a study of Melville's heroes
^ JPL (2010) Cassini Equinox Mission: Enceladan Tectonics
^ The less common form. JBIS: journal of the British Interplanetary Society, v. 36 (1983)
^ a b JPL (ca. 2009) Cassini Equinox Mission: Mimas
^ Illich (1970) The dawn of Epimethean man
^ JPL (2005) Cassini Equinox Mission: Epimethean Profile
^ expected from the dative, Erriapo
^ Andre Norton (1978) Secret of the lost race
^ as Helenéan in Earle (1841) Marathon: and other poems . Also the adj. form of Saint Helena .
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Hyperion
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Iapetus
^ Carter (1919) The gates of Janus
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Janus
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Methone
^ Harrison (1908) Prolegomena to the study of Greek religion , ed. 2
^ Proctor (1874) The borderland of science
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Pallene
^ Mahoney (2010) The Ultimate Fan's Guide to Avatar
^ Lundström (1997) Eranos, v. 95
^ Levin (1971) Apollonius' Argonautica , v. 1
^ The Westminster review, v. 140 (1893)
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Rhea
^ Cole (2010) Kresley Cole Immortals After Dark: The Clan MacRieve
^ a b c Norse names drop the nominative case suffix -r or -ur in derivations.
^ attested in the name Tarqiup Inua , 'Master of the Moon '
^ from the diminutive Tarvillus . Daniel Davis, 2001, The Development of Celtic Linguistics, 1850-1900 , p. 162
^ Telestian is a rare variant of Telestic (mystical). Ennemoser & Howitt (1854), The history of magic , vol. 1
^ Şengör & Atayman (2009) The Permian extinction and the Tethys
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Tethys
^ Anton et al. (1859) A Latin-English and English-Latin dictionary
^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Huygens Landed with a Splat [2]
^ Milton, Hughes (2003) Complete poems and major prose
^ Budd (1898) "Norse Mythology", in St. Mary's Hall lectures: and other papers
^ DeKoven (1991) Rich and strange: gender, history, modernism
^ Ruud (2008) Critical companion to Dante: a literary reference to his life and work
^ Apple, Au, & Gandin (2009) The Routledge international handbook of critical education
^ Kellog (1995) Boccaccio's and Chaucer's Cressida
^ Tanner & Barnet (1995) Comedies
^ Harris & Lazzari (1997) Shakespearean criticism
^ Daileader (2005) Racism, misogyny, and the Othello myth
^ Genova (1997) Power, gender, values
^ The Eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art , v. 18 (1873)
^ also of San Francisco
^ Enclitic, v. 11, no. 4 (1994)
^ Wood (1872) The Argosy , v. 13
^ Cathcart (1971) The Duchess of Kent
^ Journal of geophysical research, v. 93 (1988)
^ Robertson (1929) The life of Miranda
^ Normand (1970) Nathaniel Hawthorne
^ Small (1998) Love's Madness
^ Byrne (2008) Perdita: the literary, theatrical, scandalous life of Mary Robinson
^ Oxford Journals (1894) Notes and queries, no. 106
^ Emenyonu (2003) Emerging perspectives on Chinua Achebe , v. 1
^ in scare quotes in Bate (1997) The genius of Shakespeare
^ Sedgwick (1999) Shakespeare and the young writer
^ Dtek blog, 2007-09-10
^ Campbell, Pyre, Weaver (1932) Poetry and criticism of the romantic movement
^ Lessing (1914) How the Ancients Represented Death
^ Goldberg (2004) Tempest in the Caribbean
^ rare
^ AMIA (1999) Transforming health care through informatics
^ Otley (1828) Essays on the nature, causes and effects of national antipathies
^ Boccaccio (1974) The book of Theseus
^ Livy (1850 trans.) The history of Rome , v. 3
^ Bell (1790) Bell's New pantheon
^ Morris (1904) British violin-makers
^ Life and letters and the London mercury, v. 12-14 (1967)
^ 'Psamathean' not attested
^ The complete poetical works of Robert Browning (1912)
^ Bunbury (1883) A history of ancient geography
^ Davenport (1843) A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar
^ "linia" = 'of Linus' in Banier (1793) The mythology and fables of the ancients, explain'd from history, v. 1; also in Charles Frederick Partington (1838) The British Cyclopædia of Biography
^ Redfield (1994) Nature and culture in the Iliad: the tragedy of Hector
^ Clark (1919) History of Roman private law, v. 3
^ Rodríguez-Adrados , van Dijk, & Ray (2000) History of the Graeco-Latin Fable
^ When capitalized, "Galactic" refers specifically to the Milky Way galaxy.
^ The Independent, v. 55, p. 964 (1903)
External links