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7800 VHS entered service by 2012, most are now relegated to reserve status with VHS-2 currently main service weapon of the infantry formations[3] 500 VHS Rifles intended for Croatian Army sold to US DOD.[4][5][6] Army Order for 300 VHS-2 Rifles made with future order for 20 000 VHS-2 agreed. VHS-2 Rifles to replace VHS which will be relegated in to reserve status.[7]
Around 88,000 stored and offered for sale, 44,000 sold to Afghanistan in 2010, 4000 donated to Mali in 2013,[11] some 6000 rifles sold to Syrian Rebels via Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Completely withdrawn from use by the end of 2015, however some 640~ left for use in opfor training.[12][13]
For the first time seen in the public at recent Military parade held in Zagreb, 32 weapons purchased for 4.8 million kuna. Mounted on to MATV and M1151 Up-Armored Capable HMMWV vehicles. More to be purchased, requirement calls for 224 weapon systems.[20][21][22]
Mostly mounted on armoured vehicles and tanks, including as remote weapon stations, of which 120+ are in use with the Croatian Army, more to be acquired.
More to be acquired.[23] Croatian HS Product secured licence for production in Croatia for needs of Croatian Army, requirements for at least 500 weapons to supplement Ultimax100 and replace aging Heckler & Koch HK21.
Acquired in mid 1990s, just after the Homeland War. Subsequently, further orders made in late 1990s for total of 300–320. Currently main light support platoon level weapon.
Currently Croatian Army operates 72 M84A4 tanks, tanks are deployed in to 5 armoured companies with each company of 14 tanks, or two armoured battalions. Further two tanks are used for training. At one point army was looking at modernizing M84A4 tank with an update to A5 standard, which would see installation of improved fire control, new battlefield management system, 3rd generation thermal sight, advanced ERA armour package consisting of reactive and passive armour tile covering 180 degree of front face of the tank and much of the roof of the tank, increasing armoured protection of the tank from current 590mm to some 750mm frontal protection. Modernization also included new power pack and rubber inserts for tank tracks and new communication and GPS navigation equipment. However cost of upgrade exceeded budget available so only limited general overhaul was agreed which includes only rubber track insets for tank tracks and complete overhaul of M84 tank at allocated cost of around $450 000 per tank. Upgrade of tank to M84A5 standard would have costed around 23 million kuna per tank or just over 1.65 billion kuna for the entire fleet or roughly $252 million. Croatian Army plans to replace M84A4 tanks with Western made tank, either Leopard 2A7V/A8, Korean K2 Black Panther tank or French Leclerc Tank, however it is not clear when this might happen, when it does happen, it is estimated if Croatian Army replaced M84A4 tanks one for one basis, new tanks could cost the Army some €720 million, so for now at least purchase of new tanks isn't a priority.
All M-84A tanks brought to this standard by 2008. The fleet is undergoing limited overhaul with 4 tanks to be refurbished by the year's end at the cost of US$440,000 per vehicle.[25].Plan is to replace tanks with NATO standard such as Leopard 2 tanks at some point but due to shortage of funds this isn't a priority.
Army relies heavily on Yugoslav era armoured vehicles in its inventory, M80A which was developed in late 1970s to meet Yugoslav Army requirements. Croatian Army inherited some 134 vehicles from Yugoslav Army though capture of said vehicles in early 1990s, some 128 were pressed in to service with the Croatian Army currently, deployed in to 2 mechanized infantry battalions with one additional M80A company attached to 2nd Armoured Battalion of Armoured Mechanized Brigade. For past 10 years Army was trying to secure funding for replacement of M80A which are seen as inadequate by modern NATO standards offering poor protection, poor overall performance and high maintenance cost. Croatian Army has secured partial replacement of M80A with upgraded M2A3 Bradley Infantry fighting Vehicles which are being delivered to Croatian Army, some 130 vehicles will be delivered with some 70+ vehicles to join Army after modernization of the vehicles are complete by mid 2020s. There's a good chance Army will order additional vehicles so it can completely retire M80A from service by 2030, it is estimated Army needs 180 Vehicles in total to full-fill that requirement, with 132 Combat vehicles to form 3 mechanized battalions, 24 command vehicles and at least 24 additional vehicles as spare. Beyond current order for 130 vehicles it is not clear if Army will order additional vehicles and when this might happen.
A total of 104 vehicles operational in two battalions, additional 24 converted or surplus units. Possible modernization of the fleet has been dismissed. Likely replacement by additional 120 M2 Bradley vehicles, Croatian Army is to receive initial batch of 84 vehicles from US in 2020/21.
76 vehicles (M2A2 ODS) on order, additional 54 will be used for spare parts. A further donations of the same vehicle quite likely, Heavy Mechanized Brigade will need to replace 128 M80A IFVs, replacement by M2 Bradly is one possibility being considered. Order also includes over 1700 BGM-71 TOW missiles of all sorts with support and spare package worth $757 million[26][27][28]
Mainstay of Army's mechanized infantry is Patria AMV, 127 Vehicles are currently in Service with at least 20 more to join the service in coming years. Some 108 Vehicles are armed with Protector (RWS) Remote Weapon Station and 9 vehicles are armed with Elbit's UT30MK2 turret. Through US Donation Army has recived large noumber of mine resistant vehicles, including some 172 Oshkosh M-ATV armed with 12.7mm HMG, it is not clear if Army plans to modernize Oshkosh M-ATV with remote weapon station, but this is one of the longer term priorities.
All units were delivered by mid-2013 but final fitting out and equipping to be concluded no sooner than 2016. Additional 20 vehicles in IFV configuration to be ordered armed with UT30MK2 turret armed with 30mm cannon and twin Spike LR launchers. This would bring number of IFV configured Patrias to 28 and total number of Patria AMVs in Croatian Army service to 146.[29][5]
An additional 84 vehicles were planned to enter service by 2017 but this option has been dropped due to the delivery of large quantities of M1151 Up-Armored Capable HMMWVs and similar vehicles.
The vehicles are mostly used by the ISAF forces in Afghanistan, but at least 13 newly built units delivered in 2012 are home-based + additional 8 delivered in 2015 for total of 21.[30] 65 M1151s and 20 M1141 vehicles in service.[31]
The initial order was made for 122 M-ATV but additional 40 units were requested and approved by US Senate.[32][33] Of 162 M-ATVs received as EDA, 15 are going to the Croatian Special Forces Command (SFCOM), 5 will be with the Support Command (SCOM), 2 with the Military Police Regiment, and 78 are to enter service with the Croatian Army in 2015, with a further 62 to follow in 2016 (equipping the 1st Battalion of the Motorized Guards Brigade in Gospic).[34] Additional 10 vehicles are still deployed in ISAF to return to Croatia in 2015 for total of 172 vehicles.[35]
A total of 30 vehicles are in Croatia and additional 4 in Afghanistan. Of the 30 MaxxPro vehicles received EDA, 21 are for the Croatian Army, 5 will join SFCOM, and 2 each will go into SCOM and the Military Police Regiment. 6 MaxPro Recovery Vehicles[34][36]
All are mounted on Tatra T813 8x8 trucks. Four systems seen at the parade, serving with engineering regiment, awaiting replacement by modern NATO system.
The triple M55 20mm anti-aircraft guns mounted on a BOV APC. The systems are set to remain in service due to their secondary role as heavily armed APCs.
Although Croatia acquired the S-300 long-range surface-to-air missile system in 1994, and demonstrated some of its parts on the 1995 military parade, it is believed that the system was never fully completed and operational although the training of crews was sought as late as 1998. Some sources claim that the weapon was subsequently handed-over to the United States or Israel in 2002–2004. However, officials still claim that the system is stored somewhere in Croatia.
Initial purchase of 16 launchers, simulator and 200 missiles to initially equip 8 Patria AMV in Croatian army service. 28 Patria will eventually undergo similar upgrade. Currently Croatian Army has requirement for 200+ Launchers and at least 1000+ missiles to replace current stock of Soviet anti tank missiles in service with the infantry formations. However, beyond 16 launchers, no clear indication when the additional launchers might be purchased.[43][44]
Croatia ordered 1103 TOW-2A, 500 TOW-2 Bunker Buster and 100 TOW-2B missiles, all in the wireless-guided RF version, as part of the Bradley fighting vehicle acquisition.[28]
System purchased from Russia and Ukraine in early 1990s, during the war of Croatian Independence, 42 launchers and over 300 missiles in service.[45][46] To be replaced by Javelin or Eurospike at some point in near future.
300 launchers and 3000 missiles delivered in 90s, only 119 operational, the rest in reserve status. Awaiting replacement by a modern tandem warhead anti tank system.
216 modernized launchers/missiles integrated with M-83 Polo armoured vehicle with 6 launchers installed per each vehicle and with 18 vehicles deployed per each combat brigade, complete withdrawal from service by end of 2016, to be replaced by modern tandem warhead system after 2015. Javelin and EuroSpike are being considered as a replacement.
Over 1500 systems available, with 770 in service deployed with 4–6 with each combat platoon. To be phased out by 2017 and kept in reserve, replaced entirely by Swedish made Carl Gustav recoilless rifle or similar western system after 2020.
360 kept in reserve, improved copy of the Yugoslav M69 mortar[5] Mortar has 5600m effective range with a standard projectile, 4200m illuminating projectile and 4800m with light anti armour projectile. Mortar underwent modification to meet NATO requirements.
201 kept in reserve[5] Mortar has 9500m effective range with a standard round projectile, and 5500m with illuminating projectile. Mortar underwent modification to meet NATO requirements.
Croatian Army inherited/captured vast stock of Yugoslav Army artillery and ordnance, much of it now remains stored or awaiting to be disposed off. Due to NATO interoperability Croatian Army has little requirements for outdated Yugoslav era systems however due to lack of funds Army is forced to retain some of the systems such as D-30 Howitzers. Ideally M777 howitzer or CAESAR self-propelled howitzer would be most likely choice for field artillery formations but due to lack of funding this remains a distant prospect.
Some are US and some Yugoslav-built under license. Some 44 kept in reserve with additional 4 used for training. Last ammunition check was conducted in October, 2015.[48]
Modified Soviet D-30 howitzers brought in line with NATO commonality standards. One is in a museum and 3 loaned to NATO's Joint Multinational Training Centre in Hohenfels in Germany for extend time.[49] To be kept in service for the foreseeable future. Four units took part in the military parade in 2015.[50]
44 pieces of M 46 variant and 34 pieces of M 46H1 variant. To be kept serviceable for the reserve forces, none in active service due to NATO interoperability issues.. Two units took part in the military parade in 2015. Last ammunition check was conducted in October, 2015.[48]
Army captured 11 2S1 Gvozdika self propelled howitzers during the Croatia War of Independence and Battle of Barracks but 2 systems where damaged and irreparable with one being displayed in the Army museum in Vukovar. Effectively Croatian army had only one battery of self propelled artillery which caused considerable issue with training and capability offered by somewhat antiquated artillery system. Decision was made to purchase modern self propelled artillery system with Swedish Bofors Archer, American M109 A6 Paladin and German PZH 2000 being favoured. In the end Croatian Army purchased 16 PZH 2000 Howitzers from German Army stock which entered service with the army in 2019. There is a plan to purchase additional PzH 2000 Systems but due to lack of funds this was postponed for time being. Army however plans to purchase at least 6 or 8 additional systems when funds become available.
Ordered from German Army reserve stock, the $54 million contract for 12 (plus three for spare parts) howitzers includes modernization and upgrade to said howitzers with support equipment, spare parts and training simulator included. With delivery starting in 2015, with the first 6 to join the Croatian Army in the second half of 2016 and the remaining vehicles to be delivered after a general overhaul by the German Army in mid-2017.[53][54] Originally only 15 Howitzers were offered to Croatia as part of the deal, which also included complete modernization of the system and overhaul to meet the latest NATO standards.Future additional purchase of the system possible.[55]
Due to be augmented by 12 Panzerhaubitze 2000 and possibly replaced by 6 additional PzH2000 in the long term. Plan for limited modernization the system including installation of NATO compatible combat and communication equipment. 6 systems in use and 3 used as spare. To form armoured self-propelled artillery battalion.
Ordered from Romania in 1992–1993. Replacement by modern NATO system is a priority under new defence white paper, no mention of what system would replace current Multiple launch Systems in service, talks are being held with US and German governments on possible purchase of M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (M270 MLRS), Croatian requirements call for initially 8 systems to form a two battery teams at independent Artillery regiment, with potential for further 16 systems to equip 2 active brigades for total of 24 systems + simulators and training aids. Number of systems Croatian Army might purchase will solely depend on price of the entire purchase and delivery dates, Croatian Defence budget has set aside some 200 million kuna or $32 million for this program, although it is likely said systems might be donated by the US for symbolic price in turn Croatian MOD paying only VAT for said vehicles in which case price tag might be negligible and affordable.
Croatian modification of a mobile multiple rocket launcher 128mm M-77 Oganj. The launch box and the fire system have been modified to use BM-21 Grad 122 mm rockets. The M-92 Vulkan battery (4 units) is part of the Croatian contingent in Poland (Battle Group Poland).[57]
Initial purchase of 6 System purchased from Israel in 2019, with Army requirement for at least 16 systems. Future purchases very likely. The latest variant Orbiter 3b. Wingspan: 4,4m. Range: 150 km, Endurance: 6 hours
Tactical Trucks and Multi-use vehicles
Croatian Army inherited vast stock of Army trucks and four wheel drive and various transport and utility vehicles during Croatian homeland war and Battle of the Barracks, at lest 250 Fap trucks, 650 TAM trucks and noumber of soviet trucks such as Zil, Ural or Maz were captured and pressed in to military service, many of these vehicles are still in service with the Army, even though some are over 40 years old. Torpedo 4x4 Trucks, light 2.5ton trucks were built in large quantity some 80 samples entered service with the Army in early 90s. However with Croatia joining NATO Army started to look more and more in acquiring western types including MAN TG Mill, Iveco 5T Transport Truck, Mercedes and many more. However due to shortage of funds, delivery of new logistic and tactical trucks is somewhat lackluster and sporadic at best of times. In past few years army started to renew its logistic and tactical truck fleet sporadically with small quantity of new trucks in many case not more than a dozen vehicles at times, but again this is nowhere near the noumbers Army needs. Croatian army stated requirement for 1250 tactical/logistic trucks at present is only desired goal.
Large number of these trucks in various configurations still serve in many roles within Croatian Army, they're being replaced by modern models but, due to defence cutbacks, these vehicles are likely to remain in service for the foreseeable future. These vehicles are, in many cases, now over 40 years old; replacement is sought when and where possible. Number of serviceable trucks dropped due to lack of spare parts, new trucks being sought where and when possible.
Large number of these trucks in various configurations still serve in many roles within Croatian Army, they're being replaced by modern models but, due to defence cutbacks, these vehicles are likely to remain in service for the foreseeable future.
Initial purchase of 20 MAN TGMIL trucks in 2015, to supplement current fleet of Iveco heavy equipment transporters and replace older MAN models that were retired. In 2017/2020, Croatian MOD bought 12 additional MAN TGMIL Trucks, to supplement its current fleet of heavy trucks. [58][59][60][61][62][63]
Initial purchase of 27 German Army trucks that were stored and now being refurbished for Croatian Army. In 2015, MoD bought 10 more trucks from German surpluses, in accordance with the 2013 Framework Agreement on the purchase of used trucks and containers from the surplus of the German Armed Forces.[64][65][66][67] Since 2016 noumber of additional vehicles purchased, total noumber exceeds 50 vehicles in service as of 2020.[68]
In 2015, MoD bought 5 trucks from German surpluses, in accordance with the 2013 Framework Agreement on the purchase of used trucks and containers from the surplus of the German Armed Forces.[67][69]
In 2015, MoD bought 5 trucks from German surpluses, in accordance with the 2013 Framework Agreement on the purchase of used trucks and containers from the surplus of the German Armed Forces.[67][70]
Standard utility vehicle of the Croatian Army, 4-5 units ordered in 2004/5, all delivered and in service. Iveco Trekker chosen as a heavy truck, future orders unlikely.[71][72]
Noumber of new vehicles delivered in 2019/2021, at least 4 used for heavy transporter role with the rest being multi-use logistic trucks that come with modular hook lift system that simplify recovery or transport of large items in modular flatbed system. Army plans to acquire more Mercedes Arcos in these configuration in coming years. [73][74][75][76]
Croatian Army inherited large noumber of FAP 2026 trucks during homeland war and Battle of the Barracks when Croatian army captured over 250~ of these trucks, today only 60~ or so remain in various roles, being replaced by modern western models due to lack of spare parts.[77][78][79][80][81][82]
150 ordered in 2008 and delivered in 2010, half went to other government departments, including the Ministry of the Interior. All are in good serviceable condition; it is a standard utility vehicle in service with the Croatian Army and other governmental agencies of Croatia.
Standard utility vehicle of the Croatian Army, 250 units ordered in 2002/3/4/5/7/8..., all delivered and in service.Further deliveries in 2015 and 2017, to replace the oldest vehicle in service.
Primarily used by the Croatian Army's special forces and military police; many transferred to the Croatian Police. Of the 200 ordered in 1998, only 32 remain in service with the armed forces; some 120 transferred to civilian use, many ending up with the MUP, ministry of interior in various roles, some with Croatian Mountain Rescue Service and some with Border Patrol Units.[84][85]
Multiuse vehicles
Army relies heavily on stock of old trucks and supply vehicles some bought brand new, majority however inherited from capture of Yugoslav Army equipment during the war of Independence. Slowly this old equipment is being replaced however due to shortage of funds logistics formations with in Army are last to get modern vehicles. Longer Term Croatian Army plans to reduce noumber of vehicle types in service down to only 3 manufactures, MAN, Mercedes and Iveco. Currently over a dozen vehicles manufactures types are in service creating costly maintenance issues.
Initial order of a half a dozen or so vehicles made in 2007. Most are used along with the MAN Trucks for heavy transporter role. Additional vehicles delivered in low noumbers[86][87] Chosen as the main heavy truck for Croatian Army Service. To replace older FAP, TAM and MAN trucks in service with the Army. The quantity of these vehicles has increased year by year, but due to shortage of funds major purchases are avoided. Currently just over a dozen or so new vehicles were delivered between 2017-2020 for total of 32~ vehicles at the end of 2020.
Standard heavy utility vehicle of the Croatian Army, 30+ units ordered in 2010, 2017 and 2020 all delivered and in service. Army is looking to get noumber of new Actros variant for heavy transporter role.[88][89]
Standard heavy utility vehicle of the Croatian Army, many acquires in late 90s and early 00s, exact noumber of these vehicles isn't known. A replacement by modern Mercedes-Benz Actros is currently under way.
Initial order of a half a dozen or so vehicles made in 2007. Most are used along with the FAP and TAM medium trucks for a logistical transporter role. To replace older FAP, TAM and Zastava aging trucks in service with the Army. Number to vehicles to rise; however, due to shortage of funds, major purchases are avoided. Currently about a dozen or so new vehicles are ordered and delivered each year.
Donation by US, a first batch of 6 trucks, with 6 more to be delivered at the later stage in 2020. Comes as part of US donation to Croatian Army Engineering Regiment along with number of other equipment including entire army field kitchen and elements of field hospital. Equipment donation is meant to supplement Croatian UN Contingent.[90]
Many ordered in 2010, bust most were leased and returned, only 20 or so vehchiles still remain in Service. Since then replaced by new Ford, Mitsubishi and Toyota models[91][92]
Croatian Government leased large noumber of Ford Ranger trucks, with about 30 or so bought for Army and further 50 or so vehicles bought for Croatian ministry of the interior MUP. Army is currently leasing as many as 120 pickup trucks but owns additional 30 trucks [96]
M60P/M60SAN – Yugoslav-made APCs, scrap heap and two in the local army museum.
MT-LB – 2 in local museum, rest scrapped and replaced by Patria AMV.
M-47 Patton – 2 in the local army museum and rest are used for target practice.
T-55A – Withdrawal of over 280 units started in 2006 with a dozen or so tanks used for training until late 2009, but even that is no longer the case due to shortage of funds and all units have now been withdrawn and awaiting disposal.
M-63 Plamen – 128mm towed MRL, retired due to lack of ammunition and costly upkeep, no spare parts for the system.
M-94 'Plamen S – 128mm MRL, no longer fit for purpose, retired and awaiting disposal.
M-87 Orkan – 260mm MRL, captured during Battle of the Barracks in 1991. Systems were kept in reserve status due to lack of proper ammunition.