List of micronations

Micronations, sometimes also referred to as model countries and new country projects, are small, self-proclaimed entities that claim to be independent sovereign states but which are not acknowledged as such by any recognised sovereign state, or by any supranational organization. They should not be confused with microstates, which are recognised independent states of a small size, nor should they be confused with unrecognised states, which are of more geopolitical significance because they exercise clear control of actual territory to the exclusion of widely recognized countries.

Motivations for the creation of micronations include theoretical experimentation, political protest, artistic expression, personal entertainment and the conduct of criminal activity.

The following is a list of notable micronations.

Current

Flag	Date	Name	Location	Description
	2008–present	Grand Duchy of Flandrensis	Antarctica	An Antarctic micronation that seeks to draw attention to environmental concerns, founded by Niels Vermeersch.
	2001–present	Grand Duchy of Westarctica	Antarctica	The Grand Duchy of Westarctica is an Antarctic micronation established in 2001 that claims the territory known as Marie Byrd Land.
	1865–present	Kingdom of Redonda	Antigua and Barbuda	A small uninhabited island in the Caribbean sea, now legally part of Antigua and Barbuda. In 1865, a citizen of Montserrat was supposedly permitted by Queen Victoria to claim the title of King of Redonda, as long as he did not incite any revolt against colonial authority.
	1981–present	Empire of Atlantium	Australia	Based in Australia, it advocates for global governance: specifically, no borders and freedom of movement.
None	1980s–present	Grand Duchy of Avram	Australia	A non-territorial micronation founded by an eccentric self-proclaimed duke, John Rudge, who was later elected to the Tasmanian state parliament.
	2003–present	Principality of Snake Hill	Australia	A family of Australian residents could no longer afford to pay taxes, and after litigation over a mortgage and being inspired by the Principality of Hutt River, they did legal research and came to the conclusion that forming a country would be completely legal under Australian law, and thus they declared independence on 2 September 2003.
Link to file	2004–present	Principality of Wy	Australia	Established by Paul Delprat during a dispute with the local council of Mosman municipality in Sydney over the construction of a driveway to his property.
None	2013–present	Sovereign Yidindji Government	Australia	A micronation that is the traditional homeland of an aboriginal nation. It declared its independence from Australia.
	2013–present	Murrawarri Republic	Australia	A micronation that is the traditional homeland of an aboriginal nation. It declared its independence from Australia.
	2018–present	Principality of Islandia	Belize	The Principality of Islandia is an incipient micronation that claims the small Belizean island of Coffee Caye as its territory. It is a crowdfunded effort.
None	2002–present	Hajdučka Republika Mijata Tomića	Bosnia and Herzegovina	A protest project (based on Vran mountain, in Blidinje Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina) started by a local because of inefficiency of problems with the local electricity supply.
	1987–present	Aerican Empire	Canada	An eccentric tongue-in-cheek micronation. It claims various terrestrial and interplanetary territories.
Link to file	1997–present	Le Royaume de L'Anse-Saint-Jean	Canada	It achieved a certain notoriety when its citizens held a referendum on 21 January 1997 to turn the village into Le Royaume de L'Anse-Saint-Jean (The Kingdom of L'Anse Saint Jean), the continent's first "municipal monarchy".
	1873–present	Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia	Chile	After the fall of the kingdom and death of Orélie-Antoine, the title of King of Patagonia passed between various French citizens. The current "king" is Frédéric Luz.
	2014–present	Glacier Republic	Chile	Founded by Greenpeace activists in a disputed border region of the Andes between Chile and Argentina, for the purpose of drawing attention to Chile's lack of environmental protection for glaciers.
	2015–present	Free Republic of Liberland	Croatia–Serbia	Claims an uninhabited parcel of disputed land on the western bank of the Danube known as Siga, between Croatia and Serbia. It was created by Czech politician and activist Vít Jedlička.
	1997–present	Kingdom of Wallachia	Czech Republic	A tongue-in-cheek micronation founded in 1997 as an "elaborate practical joke", located in the northeast corner of the Czech Republic.
	1971–present	Freetown Christiania	Denmark	Christiania, also known as Freetown Christiania, is a self-proclaimed autonomous neighbourhood in the Danish capital of Copenhagen. The commune occupies the site of an old barracks and is home to almost 1,000 residents.
	1944–present	Kingdom of Elleore	Denmark	A tongue-in-cheek micronation founded by a group of school teachers as a summer camp on the island of Elleore, Denmark.
	2010–present	Principality of Aigues-Mortes	France	A micronation that claims the French city of Aigues-Mortes. Together with local merchants and the touristic office of Aigues-Mortes they created the BPAM (Bourse princière d'Aigues-Mortes) to handle currency exchange with the local currency, the flamant.
	2015–present	Principality of Laàs	France	Micronation promoting tourism.
	1997–present	Holy Empire of Reunion	France	A micronation founded by Brazilian law students as a political simulation. Reunion has a very active political system. It has issued passports, minted coins and is considered one of the most important Lusophone micronations. The micronation has been portrayed by the media of dozens of countries, and has been the star of a front-page article of Reunion Island newspaper, which used It to trace a parallel between its independence and the idea of having independence from France.
	1947–present	Republic of Saugeais	France	An officially sanctioned tongue-in-cheek micronation located in eastern France, in the département of Doubs.
	1971–present	Akhzivland	Israel	A micronation founded as a protest to the Israeli government for demolishing an illegally inhabited house. Founded by an Iranian-born Israeli named Eli Avivi and his wife. It was leased to him by the Israeli government for 99 years. Its name is derived from the nearby ancient city ruin of Achziv. He died of pneumonia in 2018.
	1963–present	Principality of Seborga	Italy	A town in the Italian region of Liguria that claims never to have been a part of the modern Italian state.
	1997–present	Republic of Užupis	Lithuania	Užupis is a neighborhood largely located in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1997, the residents of the area declared a Republic of Užupis, with its own flag, currency, president, and constitution.
	1989–present	Republic of Whangamōmona	New Zealand	Declared in protest of the township of Whangamōmona switching regions after New Zealand's regional council boundaries were redrawn in 1989.
	2000–present	Republic of Vevčani	North Macedonia	During the war in Yugoslavia, an independent committee was established in the village of Vevčani, which was threatened by ethnic conflict, in what was then communist Macedonia. After the situation had calmed down, the committee joined independent Macedonia and in 2000 the inhabitants again declared independence as a micronation to promote tourism.
	1992–present	Elgaland-Vargaland	Sweden	A conceptual art project by two Swedish artists, Carl Michael von Hausswolff and Leif Elggren, which defines itself as the borders of all nations.
	1963–present	Republic of Jamtland	Sweden	The region of Jamtland was self-governing from the 10th to 12th century. The micronation/movement (The United Republics of Jamtland, Herjeådalen and Ravund) was founded in 1963 in order to preserve and promote the Jamtlandic culture, language and way of life. It has had three presidents, hosts festivals, and boasts its own national anthem.
	1996–present	Ladonia	Sweden	A micronation founded by a group led by Swedish artist Lars Vilks as the home to sculptures created by him in the Kullaberg nature reserve in north-west Skåne.
	2008–present	Austenasia	United Kingdom	A self-declared successor to the Christian Roman Empire, founded in the United Kingdom but with subsequent claims having been made around the world now counting over 100 citizens.
	2008–present	Sovereign State of Forvik	United Kingdom	An islet in Shetland, Scotland, declared a Crown dependency by Stuart Hill as part of a Shetland secessionist agenda.
	1947–present	Free Borough of Llanrwst	United Kingdom	The Free Borough of Llanrwst was a special privilege granted to the Welsh town of Llanrwst by the Prince of Wales. Llanrwst is now a small town and community on the River Conwy in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The town consequently has its own coat of arms and flag, and this is the origin of the old local motto "Cymru, Lloegr a Llanrwst" (Wales, England and Llanrwst).
	2004–present	Kingdom of Lovely	United Kingdom	A nation created by comedian Danny Wallace as part of his BBC series, How to Start Your Own Country.
	1967–present	Principality of Sealand	United Kingdom	A World War II military facility consisting of a man-made structure located off the English coast that was occupied and declared to be an independent state by Paddy Roy Bates.
	1982–present	Conch Republic	United States	Founded by then-Mayor of Key West, Florida, Dennis Wardlow, it claims tongue-in-cheek independence from the United States in protest at a checkpoint established by the US Border Patrol.
None	1998–present	Maritime Republic of Eastport	United States	The Maritime Republic of Eastport, commonly known as simply "Eastport", is a seaside neighborhood community and tongue-in-cheek micronation located in Annapolis, Maryland in the US.
	1994–present	Kingdom of EnenKio	United States	Claims Wake Atoll, a U.S. territory north of the Marshall Islands, and has been widely deemed a scam.
	1999–present	Republic of Molossia	United States	A micronation founded by Kevin Baugh, occupying his semi-rural residential acreage in Nevada. It is run humorously as a dictatorial banana republic.
	1979-2005 2005–present	Talossa	United States	A micronation founded as a bedroom kingdom by Milwaukee, Wisconsin resident Robert Ben Madison. Madison claims to have coined the term "micronation".
	1990s–present	Washitaw Nation	United States	African-American group associated with the Moorish Science Temple of America who claim to be a sovereign state of Native Americans within the boundaries of the United States of America.
Link to file	2005–present	Zaqistan	United States	A small tract of land in Box Elder County, a remote part of Utah, on which its owner, Zaq Landsberg, has built monuments. It has also issued passports.
	1878–present	Parva Domus	Uruguay	A self-declared centenary micronation surrounded by Uruguay that has functioned, since 1878, as a social and recreational association that mimics the functioning of a real country. Since its foundation it has had over 800,000 different naturalized citizens. It is one of the first micronations in history and the oldest still functioning.
	1999–present	New Utopia	Caribbean Sea (Misteriosa Bank)	A proposed micronation based on libertarian principles to be built on platforms in the Caribbean Sea. It was founded by American entrepreneur Lazarus Long. The project's status as of 2006 is in question.
Link to file	2016–present	Asgardia	None	A micronation founded by Igor Ashurbeyli that aims to launch satellites into space in order to found a real nation recognised by the UN. The ultimate aim is to avoid the restrictions of the current space law framework.
	1949–present	Nation of Celestial Space	None	A micronation that comprises the entirety of the universe besides Earth. It was founded on 1 January 1949 by James T. Mangan to stop other countries from claiming outer space land.
Link to file	2000–present	Global Country of World Peace	Global	GCWP is a non-profit organization that claims to promote Transcendental Meditation, education, and the construction of "buildings for peace" in the world's major cities. The organization made several attempts to create its own state in different parts of the world.
Link to file	1986–present	Dominion of Melchizedek	Global	The Dominion of Melchizedek (DoM) is a micronation known largely for facilitating large scale banking fraud in many parts of the world.
	1998–present	Nova Roma	None	An international organ of Roman revivalists who claim to be a modern Roman nation and have the administrative structure of the ancient Roman Republic. Nova Roma explicitly states that they are not a micronation but a "civitas" or "res publica"; their organ, however, fits all the requirements for being classified as such.
	1973–present	Nutopia	None	Introduced as a "conceptual nation" by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on April Fools' Day, Nutopia has no land, no borders and no passports or visas; anyone declaring their awareness of Nutopia's existence was allowed to join. It was founded partly as a way to satirize Lennon's immigration troubles at the time.
	2011–present	Romanov Empire	None	The Imperial Throne was founded by Russian businessman Anton Bakov as the "Russian Empire". By its constitution, it is a federal constitutional monarchy and the successor of the Empire founded by Peter I.
	2008–present	Wirtland	None	Wirtland is an experiment into the legitimacy and self-sustainability of a country without its own soil, which transcends national borders without breaching or lessening the sovereignty of any involved.

Former

Australia

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1978–1996	Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina	An Australian micronation founded by a self-proclaimed baron, who claimed properties he owned in New South Wales as its territory. Several associated businessmen were charged in 1990 with land and visa fraud.
	1976–1999	Province of Bumbunga	An Australian secessionist micronation located on a farm at Bumbunga, South Australia from 1976. As of 2018, founder Alec Brackstone was still claiming to be Governor-General of the province.
	2004–2017	Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands	The kingdom was created by a group of gay rights activists. The kingdom collapsed on November 17, 2017, after same-sex marriage was legalized in Australia.
	1970–2020	Principality of Hutt River	A large farming area in Western Australia that unilaterally seceded from the Commonwealth and declared itself to be a sovereign nation. It was known as the Hutt River Province until 2007. In August 2020, after 50 years of existence, the micronation has announced it will be dissolved and the land sold to pay back taxes to the Australian Tax Office.
	1993	Principality of Marlborough	A short lived micronation in Australia whose creator declared his farm an independent country to try to avoid eviction after bankruptcy. He was evicted less than a week later by police, was later prosecuted and has since abandoned any claim of independence.
Link to file	1979–1980s	Independent State of Rainbow Creek	Founded by a farmer who "seceded" from Victoria State, Australia, over damage to farmlands caused by flooding he claimed was exacerbated due to incompetence of the state government water management agency.

Austria

Flag	Date	Name	Description
Link to file	1984–2015	Republic of Kugelmugel	A ball-shaped house, located in the Vienna Prater and formed after a dispute with authorities over building permits.

Bahamas

Flag	Date	Name	Description
None	1968–1973	Operation Atlantis	A project started by Werner Stiefel in 1968 aiming to establish a new, libertarian nation in international waters.

Brazil

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1893–1895	Principality of Trinidad	The Principality of Trinidad was declared in 1893, when the American James Harden-Hickey claimed the uninhabited island Trindade and Martim Vaz in the South Atlantic and declared himself James I, Prince of Trinidad. In July 1895, the United Kingdom tried to take possession of this strategic position in the Atlantic, basing their claim on a 1700 visit by English astronomer Edmund Halley, but Brazil pressed a successful claim to the island based on its discovery in 1502 by Portuguese navigators. Harden-Hickey fell into deep depression and committed suicide on 9 February 1898.

Canada

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1949-1973	Principality of Outer Baldonia	A micronation on Outer Bald Tusket Island, Nova Scotia, used for seasonal fishing. It had an eccentric constitution and women were banned from the island.
	2005–2018	Kingdom of Vikesland	A former micronation located in Manitoba, Canada that was founded for the purposes of a TV documentary about micronations. It claimed two properties in and near the City of Brandon.

Czech Republic

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1996–2008	Other World Kingdom	An absolute monarchy/matriarchy which had strong BDSM themes, in which women ruled over all men. It was located in the Czech Republic.

Germany

Flag	Date	Name	Description
None	1990–1993	Bunte Republik Neustadt	A micronation in the Äußere Neustadt quarter of Dresden now celebrated as an annual street festival.
	1989–2004	Rüterberg	After the fall of the Berlin Wall, a village in the former GDR declares its independence in protest against isolation.
None	1980	Free Republic of Wendland	A protest camp established in Gorleben, West Germany, on 3 May 1980 to protest against the establishment of a nuclear waste dump there. On 4 June 1980, the police moved in and evicted the camp.

Indonesia

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	2018–2020	Keraton Agung Sejagat	The Keraton Agung Sejagat (English: Universal Grand Throne) was a hybrid mystical movement and micronation based out of Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Hadiningrat claimed he was granted the authority to found a successor state to the Majapahit Empire in 2018.
	2020	Sunda Empire - Earth Empire	Sunda Empire is an association based on historical romanticism. They claim to be a great empire between the earth and the sun.

Italy

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1968–1969	Republic of Rose Island	An attempt to create a sovereign state on an offshore platform in international waters near the Italian city of Rimini. It was completed, but shortly afterward seized by the Italian government and destroyed with explosives.
None	2008–2009	Republic of Malu Entu	Created on a small island west of Sardinia, as an initiative of the Sardinian Independentist Party.

Jamaica

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1964–1966	New Atlantis	Floating barge created by Leicester Hemingway and claimed as a sovereign republic. It was destroyed by storms shortly after establishment.

Nigeria

Flag	Date	Name	Description
None	1970–1978	Kalakuta Republic	Musician Fela Kuti announced his home in Lagos as independent in 1970. In 1978, an assault by the Nigerian Army burned and razed the republic.

Spratly Islands

Flag	Date	Name	Description
None	1956–1974	Free Territory of Freedomland	Micronation established by Tomás Cloma covering the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.
	1878–1963	Kingdom of Humanity	A former micronation, occupying the Spratly Islands, which merged into the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads in September 1963.
	1877–1969	Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads	A micronation that claims to occupy the Spratly Islands. The territory is under de facto military control by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, since the discovery of oil in 1968.

Tanganyika

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1959–1980	Sultanate of M'Simbati	An eccentric Englishman attempted to declare independent a square mile of territory he inhabited on the coast of Tanganyika which he had purchased in 1924. The flag consisted of red, blue and yellow vertical stripes with a small Union Flag in the canton.

Tonga

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1973–1982	Republic of Minerva	An attempt to build an artificial island and form a new libertarian country. The new land was located on Minerva Reef, south of Fiji, but the island was seized and annexed by Tonga shortly afterward.

United Kingdom

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1977–1980s	Frestonia	Residents of Freston Road in west London staged a "secession" from the United Kingdom as Frestonia. The residents were squatters, many of whom eventually set up a housing co-op in negotiation with Notting Hill Housing Trust, and included artists, musicians, writers, actors and activists.
	1811–1816	Islands of Refreshment	A micronation created by the first permanent inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha, including Jonathan Lambert, who established himself as monarch. Tristan da Cunha was officially annexed by the United Kingdom on August 14, 1816.

United States

Flag	Date	Name	Description
	1997–2004	Principality of Freedonia	The Principality of Freedonia was a micronation based on libertarian principles.
None	1974–1977	Ganienkeh	The 1970s saw a number of highly publicized confrontations between the U.S. government and Native Americans, such as the Oglala Lakotas' standoff at Wounded Knee and the Alcatraz occupation. Another clash occurred at Moss Lake in upstate New York. After the federal Indian Claims Commission refused to consider compensation to the Mohawk Nation, saying that its jurisdiction only covered western tribes, a group of Mohawk activists declared 600 acres near Moss Lake the sovereign Mohawk territory of Ganienkeh, and further laid claim to all of northeastern New York. After a firefight between the Mohawks and local vigilantes, the state government started eviction proceedings. When the federal courts refused to hear the matter, Assistant State Attorney General Mario Cuomo was dispatched to negotiate a settlement. In May 1977, the Mohawks accepted a smaller land grant and the crisis was ended.
	1865-1986	State of Scott	A remnant of the American Civil War, it was a unionist enclave within the state of Tennessee. The State of Scott was formed to protest against Tennessee joining the Confederacy. The resolution to establish Scott was rescinded 125 years later.

See also

• Flags of micronations
• How to Start Your Own Country
• Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations