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Moana (2016 film)

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Moana
Theatrical release poster
Screenplay byJared Bush[2]
Story by
Produced byOsnat Shurer
Starring
Edited byJeff Draheim
Music by
Distributed byWalt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release dates
  • November 14, 2016 (2016-11-14) (AFI Fest)[1]
  • November 23, 2016 (2016-11-23) (United States and Canada)
Running time
113 minutes[3]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$150 million[4][5]
Box office$47.4 million[6]

Moana is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 56th Disney animated feature film. It is directed by Ron Clements and John Musker,[7] and co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams.[8][9] The film features music written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i, and Mark Mancina.[10]

Featuring the voices of Auli'i Cravalho, Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, and Alan Tudyk, the film tells the story of Moana, the strong-willed daughter of the chief of a Polynesian tribe, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic to a goddess. She sets sail in search of Maui, a legendary demigod and hopes to save her people.

Moana was released theatrically in the United States on November 23, 2016, received overwhelmingly positive reviews and has grossed $47 million.[11]

Plot

Te Fiti, an island goddess, created all life and became an island. Te Fiti's heart, a small pounamu stone, was stolen by the demigod Maui only for him to encounter the lava monster Te Ka, which caused his fishhook and the heart to disappear into the ocean. Because of the heart being stolen, the island Te Fiti created became cursed.

A millennium later, Moana Waialiki as a toddler discovers the heart as she is collecting shells near the ocean. After her chieftain father Tui orders her to return to the village, she never sees it until she has grown up. Moana, now a teenager, has the responsibility of becoming the next Chief of the island as her father insists, but with the encouragement of her Grandmother Gramma Tala, she keeps her dream of leaving the island alive. She soon discovers that all the fish have disappeared from the shores of the village, and the coconuts have spoiled. Moana insists on going beyond the reef to catch more, but her father rejects her request, angered by her wishes. Her mother Sina confesses that her father acts like this because of the loss of his closest friend when they went sailing to unforgiving waters one night in his youth.

Gramma Tala finds Moana on the beach after a failed attempt to sail past the reef, and shows Moana a secret cave hidden behind a waterfall. Inside are the sailboats that her ancestors stowed away. By banging the drum, she discovers they were voyagers. Tala then gives Moana the heart of Te Fiti after showing her the curse draining life away the island, saying that it is the only way to save her people. She goes to her father and tells him of what Tala told her, but he doesn't listen and sees it as another excuse for her to leave the island.

Later, Tala is seen ill and is found dying on her deathbed. With her dying breath, she tells Moana to go save her people and gives her the necklace used to carry the heart. Moana departs using one of the sailboats found in the cave and departs with Heihei, a dumb rooster who has accidentally stowed away on the sailboat. She seeks to find Maui by following a constellation that looks like his fishhook, but a wave flips her sailboat and knocks her unconscious. She wakes up the next morning on a small island inhabited by Maui, who traps Moana in a cave after distracting her. He steals her sailboat while threatening to eat Heihei. After escaping the cave, the ocean sends Moana back on the sailboat to convince Maui. She shows him the heart and asks him to help her return it, but Maui backs away fearing that the heart is a trap for the person carrying it and that other creatures would kill to steal it for themselves.

Immediately after Heihei eats the heart during an encounter with little pygmy pirates known as Kakamora, the Kakamora steal Heihei, forcing Moana to retrieve it after Maui learns of her inability to sail when they try to escape. After Moana retrieves Heihei from the Kakamora, Maui is able to get their massive sailboats to collide into each other, and the three make it out unharmed. Maui agrees to help bring the heart back to Te Fiti. In order to do so, he needs his hook, which is hidden in the Realm of Monsters, and held by a giant villainous coconut crab named Tamatoa. In his lair, Maui barely retrieves the hook while Moana distracts Tamatoa by having him sing about himself. Afterwards, Maui and Moana escape his lair and Tamatoa is left stranded on his back in a last ditch effort to grab them both. Back on the sailboat, Maui becomes depressed that he is unable to control his shapeshifting, but ultimately decides to teach Moana how to sail instead (after the ocean numbs his derriere with a blow dart).

She learns that Maui (a human abandoned by his parents as an infant) has stolen the heart for a village that he has looked after once he was given his powers from the gods. Through some encouragement from Moana, Maui is given the strength to shapeshift with ease, even managing to turn into a hawk. The two become friends as she learns more on how to be a wayfinder. They arrive at Te Fiti where Te Ka appears and tries to destroy them. Maui tries to fight back, but instead tells Moana to turn back. She ignores his protest, which brings Te Ka to partially destroy Maui's hook, severely damaging it and sending them far back across the ocean. Out of anger, Maui leaves Moana stranded, fearing that going back to fight Te Ka will permanently destroy his hook. He flies away after telling her that the ocean chose the wrong person to save her people.

After Moana sadly tells the ocean to bring the heart to someone else, Gramma Tala appears as a spiritual manta ray and encourages her to find out who she is based on what she has learned, what she has lived through, who she has met, and where she comes from. Moana proudly finds her true calling within herself, and swims down to retrieve the heart. Using her wayfinding skills, she returns to Te Fiti and manages to get past Te Ka to return the heart. Maui, having had a change of heart, returns to distract Te Ka. Moana, reaching the top of the mountain, realizes that the island is gone and that Te Ka is actually Te Fiti without her heart. The island has near-disappeared since the loss of her heart, and Te Ka, being lava, is at risk of vanishing herself as she cannot touch the sea. Moana asks the ocean to clear a path so that she can have Te Fiti approach her. She connects with Te Fiti and opens her eyes to show her what she has become. Te Fiti calms down and lets Moana restore her heart, which restores her true form and brings everything back to normal.

With the curse lifted, a contrite Maui apologizes for his actions. In gratitude, Te Fiti grants Maui a new hook, and he flies off to reunite with his villagers. Before leaving, Maui bids Moana farewell with a hug, thanking her for all she's done.

Moana then returns to her island, where everything is back to normal, and the villagers return to wayfinding, releasing the boats from the hidden cave. As the new chief, Moana places her stone (a seashell she collected when she was little) on the tallest mountain where many chiefs placed stones to claim their leadership, and sets sail with the rest of the villagers in search of new islands as Maui accompanies them in his hawk form.

In a post-credits scene, Tamatoa is still left on his back and wondering if people would care more if his name was Sebastian and he had a Jamaican accent.

Voice cast

Production

John Musker
Ron Clements
Directors John Musker and Ron Clements presented footage from the film at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival

After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[17] but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three new ideas, and in 2011 started developing Moana based upon an original idea.[18]

Originally, the film was going to focus on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea.[19] The story changed drastically during the development phase (which happens with most Disney films), and the original idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.[19]

In 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific and learn about their culture.[7] Over the five years it took to develop and produce the film, Clements and Musker recruited experts from across the South Pacific to form an Oceanic Story Trust, who consulted on the film's cultural accuracy and sensitivity as its story evolved through nine different versions.[20]

Moana is Clements and Musker's first fully computer-animated film.[7][21] One of the reasons for using computer animation was that the environment, including the ocean, benefited much more from the use of CGI as opposed to a traditional animation.[22] The filmmakers have also suggested that three-dimensional computer animation is well-suited to the "beautiful sculpturing" of the faces of the people of the South Pacific.[23] In early development, the film was going to be made hand-drawn, but only a few animation tests were made[24] in the final cut. Only Maui's tattoos are hand-drawn.[25] [26]

Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay.[27] Subsequent versions of the film's story were contributed by Clements, Musker, Chris Williams, Don Hall, Pamela Ribon, Aaron Kandell, and Jordan Kandell. Jared Bush received sole credit as the writer of the final version of the screenplay. Eric Goldberg worked on the hand-drawn animation used to depict Maui's sentient tatoos.[28][29] The film features music by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda.[30]

After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific,[7] 14-year-old high school freshman Auli'i Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana, a young girl who sets sail with Maui.[31][32] At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence.[33] During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen.[33]

As with most Disney and Pixar animated films, several major story problems were identified in 2015 only after the film had already transitioned from development into production, but computer-generated films tend to have much shorter production schedules and much larger animation teams (in this case, about 90 animators) than traditionally-animated films.[19] Since Clements and Musker were already working 12-hour days (and Saturdays) directing such a large team of animators, Hall and Williams (who had just finished directing Big Hero 6) came onboard as co-directors to help fix the film's story issues.[19]

The scene in which Maui and Moana encounter the Kakamora is an intentional homage to Mad Max: Fury Road.[19]

Music

Untitled

The film's soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 18, 2016. The songs are written by Opetaia Foa'i, Mark Mancina, and Lin-Manuel Miranda, while the score is written by Mancina.[34] The lyrics are in English and the Tokelauan language.[35]

Track listing

All music is composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina (Tracks 1–14), Mark Mancina (Tracks 15–40)

Disc one
No.TitlePerformer(s)Length
1."Tulou Tagaloa"Olivia Foa'i0:51
2."An Innocent Warrior"Vai Mahina, Sulata Foai-Amiatu & Matthew Imeleo1:37
3."Where You Are"Christopher Jackson, Rachel House, Nicole Scherzinger, Auli'i Cravalho & Louise Bush3:30
4."How Far I'll Go"Cravalho2:43
5."We Know the Way"Opetaia Foa'i & Lin-Manuel Miranda2:21
6."How Far I'll Go (Reprise)"Cravalho1:27
7."You're Welcome"Dwayne Johnson2:43
8."Shiny"Jemaine Clement3:05
9."Logo Te Pate"O. Foa'i, Op. Foa'i & Talaga Steve Sale2:10
10."I Am Moana (Song of the Ancestors)"House & Cravalho2:42
11."Know Who You Are"Cravalho, Mahina, O. Foa'i, Op. Foa'i & Imeleo1:12
12."We Know the Way (Finale)"Miranda & Op. Foa'i1:09
13."How Far I'll Go (Alessia Cara Version)"Alessia Cara2:55
14."You're Welcome (feat. Lin-Manuel Miranda)"Jordan Fisher2:17
15."Prologue"Mark Mancina2:25
16."He Was You"Mancina0:50
17."Village Crazy Lady"Mancina0:45
18."Cavern"Mancina2:05
19."The Ocean Chose You"Mancina1:17
20."The Hook"Mancina1:09
21."Tala's Deathbed"Mancina2:00
22."Battle of Wills"Mancina3:10
23."Kakamora"Mancina4:33
24."Wayfinding"Mancina1:52
25."Climbing"Mancina0:54
26."Tamatoa's Lair"Mancina2:45
27."Great Escape"Mancina0:59
28."If I Were the Ocean"Mancina3:01
29."Te Ka Attacks"Mancina1:41
30."Maui Leaves"Mancina2:05
31."Heartache"Mancina0:39
32."Tala Returns"Mancina1:01
33."Sails to Te Fiti"Mancina5:46
34."Shiny Heart"Mancina0:36
35."Te Fiti Restored"Mancina1:03
36."Hand of a God"Mancina0:30
37."Voyager Tagaloa"Mancina0:57
38."Toe Feiloa'i"Mancina1:25
39."Navigating Home"Mancina0:47
40."The Return to Voyaging"Mancina1:01

All music is composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina (Tracks 1–7, 18, and 19), Mark Mancina (Tracks 8–17)

Disc two
No.TitlePerformer(s)Length
1."Unstoppable (Outtake)"Lin-Manuel Miranda3:59
2."More (Outtake)"Marcy Harriell3:16
3."More (Reprise - Outtake)"Harriell2:38
4."Warrior Face (Outtake)"Miranda2:16
5."Where You Are (Demo)"Miranda3:01
6."You're Welcome (Demo)"Miranda2:37
7."Shiny (Demo)"Miranda3:04
8."Prologue (Score Demo)"Mark Mancina2:26
9."Village Crazy Lady (Score Demo)"Mancina0:45
10."Cavern (Score Demo)"Mancina2:05
11."Kakamora (Score Demo)"Mancina3:58
12."It's Called Wayfinding (Score Demo)"Mancina0:53
13."Maui Leaves (Score Demo)"Mancina2:04
14."Sails to Te Fiti (Score Demo)"Mancina1:37
15."Maui Battles (Score Demo)"Mancina1:57
16."Sea Monsters (Score Demo)"Mancina0:45
17."Tala Returns (Score Demo)"Mancina1:15
18."How Far I'll Go (Instrumental)"Moana Karaoke2:44
19."You're Welcome (Instrumental)"Moana Karaoke2:44

Release

On October 20, 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that it would be releasing the film in late 2016,[36] and hinted that it might be the November 23, 2016 release window previously announced by the studio in March 2014 for a then-untitled film.[37] In November 2014, Disney confirmed that it would be releasing the film on November 23, 2016.[38] The film is accompanied by the new short film, Inner Workings.[39] The film held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016.[40]

The picture will be titled Vaiana in many European countries following a trademark conflict.[41] The picture will be titled Oceania in Italy, while the name of the protagonist will be Vaiana in lieu of Moana, presumably to avoid confusion with an Italian porn star of the same name, Moana Pozzi.[42]

The film has been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes of Polynesians by depicting Maui as overweight.[43] In addition, a costume made to tie in with the film was pulled by Disney from its online store following complaints about it being culturally insensitive.[44]

On October 25, 2016, at a press conference in Pape’ete, it was announced that the film will be the first motion picture to be fully dubbed in the Tahitian language.[45] This marks the third time Disney has released a special dubbing dedicated to the culture which inspired the film: the first case was The Lion King, for which the directors travelled to South Africa to cast voice actors for a Zulu-dubbed version;[46] and the second case was Mulan, which was the first Disney film to have a Mandarin Chinese dubbing made in China, separate from and independent of the version released in Taiwan.[47]

Disney India chose popular Indian music composer Bappi Lahiri to voice the character of Tamatoa in the Hindi-dubbed version of the film for release in India.[48]

Reception

Box office

In the United States and Canada, Moana was released during the lucrative Thanksgiving weekend. The film played in 3,875 theaters of which a majority of them—80%—was screened in 3D. It also played in 50 premium large format screens and more than 400 D-Box screens. It is projected to take in around $50 million in three days, with $75–85 million in five days (some estimates rise up to as high as $90 million plus).[49][50][51] Deadline.com said the numbers were good for the original Disney film and marks a great rebound for the company in the wake of Pixar's The Good Dinosaur the year before, which made $55 million over five days (and totalled $123 million) off a production budget of $175–200 million. The biggest threat challenging Moana's opening is Warner Bros.' spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, which is also expected to make around the same amount in its sophomore weekend.[52] Fantastic Beasts' overwhelming responses and overall critical acclaim will manifest in its box office performance, but given its PG-13 rating, it will attract a slightly older crowd.[4]

It made $2.6 million from Tuesday paid previews which began at 7 p.m., the highest for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film and for a non-Pixar Disney animated film.[53][54] On its opening day, it made $15.68 million, a new record for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film opening on Wednesday (breaking Frozen's record) and the biggest opening day ever for a film released on pre-Thanksgiving day.[55][56] On Thanksgiving Day, it earned $9.9 million, a decrease of 36% from its previous day.[57] On Black Friday – the highest grossing day of the Thanksgiving stretch – it made $21.8 million, a 127% increase from the day before.[58]

Critical response

Moana has received widespread critical acclaim. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 98%, based on 120 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With a title character as three-dimensional as its lush animation and a story that adds fresh depth to Disney's time-tested formula, Moana is truly a family-friendly adventure for the ages."[59] On Metacritic the film holds a score of 81 out of 100 based on 41 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[60] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[61]

Writing for Roger Ebert's website, Christy Lemire gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, writing, "Moana would have been enormously entertaining regardless of when it came out, but its arrival at this particular moment in history gives it an added sense of significance—as well as inspiration." Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal proclaimed that "Moana is beautiful in more ways than I can tell, thanks to the brilliance of more animators than I could count."[62]

Animator Eric Goldberg received praise from critics and audiences for his hand-drawn animation of Maui's tattoos, which they claimed "stole the show" from the actual CGI-animated motion picture.[63][64][65]

References

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  63. ^ https://www.bustle.com/articles/196637-moana-in-3d-2d-both-offer-something-special-for-the-viewer
  64. ^ http://ktar.com/story/1368803/disney-mixes-classic-animation-computers-to-create-captivating-moana/
  65. ^ http://newsok.com/movie-review-moana/article/5528213

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moana (2016 film).
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