September 1945
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The following events occurred in September 1945:
September 1, 1945 (Saturday)
- During the Chinese Civil War, the Xinghua Campaign ended in communist victory and the Battle of Dazhongji began.
- British colonial secretary Franklin Charles Gimson established a temporary government in Hong Kong.[1]
- Born: Mustafa Balel, author, in Sivas, Turkey
- Died: Frank Craven, 70, American actor, playwright and screenwriter
September 2, 1945 (Sunday)
- The Surrender of Japan became official when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The Second World War ended after six years and one day.
- The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed when revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France.
September 3, 1945 (Monday)
- General Tomoyuki Yamashita formally surrendered the remaining Japanese troops in the Philippines to United States Army General Jonathan M. Wainwright, the same commander who was compelled to surrender to Yamashita at Corregidor in 1942.[2]
September 4, 1945 (Tuesday)
- The Battle of Lingbi began as part of the Chinese Civil War.
- The Dominican Republic ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Emperor Hirohito personally opened a new session of the Japanese Diet with an appeal to his people to "win the confidence of the world" and "establish firmly a peaceful state."[4]
- Born: Danny Gatton, guitarist, in Newburg, Maryland (d. 1994)
September 5, 1945 (Wednesday)
- British troops landed at Singapore and took over without opposition.[5]
- Japanese American Iva Toguri D'Aquino was arrested in Yokohama on suspicion of being the wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose.
- In China, the Battle of Lingbi ended in communist victory.
- In an important early event of the Cold War, Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada, defected with 109 documents on Soviet espionage activities in the West. Gouzenko's defection would be kept secret from the public for five months, but it would force Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King to call a Royal Commission to investigate espionage in Canada.[6]
- Born: Al Stewart, singer-songwriter, in Glasgow, Scotland
September 6, 1945 (Thursday)
- At Rabaul, the surrender of Japanese forces in southwest Asia was signed aboard the British aircraft carrier HMS Glory.[2]
- Nicaragua ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Died: John S. McCain Sr., 61, U.S. Navy admiral
September 7, 1945 (Friday)
- Berlin Victory Parade of 1945: The Allies held a victory parade in Berlin. The Soviet JS-3 heavy tank was displayed in public for the first time.[2]
- Australia ratified the United Nations Charter.[2]
- Born: Jacques Lemaire, ice hockey player and coach, in LaSalle, Quebec, Canada
September 8, 1945 (Saturday)
- The Académie française expelled Philippe Pétain, Charles Maurras and Abel Bonnard for their collaboration with Germany.[2]
- The Taixing Campaign began in China.
- Miss New York City Bess Myerson was crowned Miss America 1945.
- Born: Kelly Groucutt, bassist and co-lead vocalist of Electric Light Orchestra, in Coseley, England; Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, singer, organist and founding member of the Grateful Dead, in San Bruno, California (d. 1973); Rogie Vachon, ice hockey player, in Palmarolle, Quebec, Canada
September 9, 1945 (Sunday)
- Japanese forces in Korea surrendered at Seoul.[2]
- American servicemen in Asia began returning home.[2]
- The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang was disestablished and replaced with the Inner Mongolian People's Republic.
- Dick Fowler of the Philadelphia Athletics pitched a 1-0 no-hitter against the St. Louis Browns.[7]
- Born: Doug Ingle, organist, songwriter and lead vocalist of the rock band Iron Butterfly, in Omaha, Nebraska
September 10, 1945 (Monday)
- The Shangdang Campaign began in the Chinese Civil War.
- The Indonesian Navy was founded.
- Born: José Feliciano, guitarist, singer and composer, in Lares, Puerto Rico
September 11, 1945 (Tuesday)
- Japanese General Hideki Tojo attempted suicide when American troops arrived at his home to arrest him as a war criminal. Tojo shot himself below the heart with a revolver, but survived.[8]
- A U.S. Senate resolution requesting a congressional probe of the Pearl Harbor attack was unanimously approved in the House of Representatives.[9]
- Born: Franz Beckenbauer, footballer and manager, in Munich, Germany
September 12, 1945 (Wednesday)
- The Japanese surrender in Southeast Asia was concluded in Singapore.[8]
- The Taixing Campaign ended in communist victory.
- Died: Hajime Sugiyama, 65, Japanese field marshal (suicide by revolver)
September 13, 1945 (Thursday)
- The War in Vietnam began.
- The Battle of Dazhongji ended in communist victory.
- The Wudi Campaign began in China.
- The Valdostan Union, a new political party mainly representing the French-speaking minority in Aosta Valley, was founded in Italy.
September 14, 1945 (Friday)
- The Belgian government announced that 17,000 troops would participate in the occupation of Germany.[8]
- The Japanese garrison on Celebes surrendered at Manado.[8]
- Strike wave of 1945-1946: The Ford Motor Company virtually stopped production in all its plants because unauthorized strikes had crippled output schedules.[9]
- Born: Martin Tyler, football commentator, in Chester, England
September 15, 1945 (Saturday)
- Commemorative parades were held throughout Britain to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the RAF victory on Battle of Britain Day.[8]
- The Homestead hurricane made landfall on Key Largo and then in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida. The hurricane killed 26 people and did $60 million in damage.
- The United States Office of War Information was dissolved.
- Born: Jessye Norman, opera singer and recitalist, in Augusta, Georgia
- Died: Anton Webern, 61, Austrian composer (shot and killed by an American soldier)
September 16, 1945 (Sunday)
- The Japanese garrison in Hong Kong surrendered.[8]
- The first WAC Corporal dummy rocket was launched from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico.
- A Victory Thanksgiving service was held in Westminster Abbey.[5]
- Born: Pat Stevens, actress, in Linden, New Jersey (d. 2010)
- Died: John McCormack, 61, Irish tenor
September 17, 1945 (Monday)
- The Wudi Campaign ended in communist victory.
- The Belsen Trial began. Josef Kramer and 44 SS aides went on trial in British military court in Lüneburg on charges of conspiracy to commit murder in Nazi concentration camps.[9]
- Born: Phil Jackson, basketball player, coach and executive, in Deer Lodge, Montana
September 18, 1945 (Tuesday)
- The Battle of Xiangshuikou was fought as part of the Chinese Civil War, resulting in communist victory.
- Eisenacher Motorenwerk resumed production with the manufacturing of passenger cars mostly intended for the Soviet occupying power.[10]
- 1,000 students walked out of Gary, Indiana public schools to protest racial integration.[11]
September 19, 1945 (Wednesday)
- At the Old Bailey in London, William Joyce was sentenced to death for treason.[8]
- British Prime Minister Clement Attlee made a worldwide broadcast promising independence for India "at the earliest possible date".[5]
- New Zealand ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Kim Il-sung arrived at Port Wonsan and began to organize the Communist Party of Korea.[8]
- Born: Randolph Mantooth, actor, in Sacramento, California
September 20, 1945 (Thursday)
- The Allied Control Council in Germany passed Control Council Law No. 1 - Repealing of Nazi Laws.
- German rocket engineers captured at the end of the war and brought to the United States began work on the American rocket program.[12]
- Born: Candy Spelling, author, television personality and philanthropist, née Carol Marer in Beverly Hills, California; Laura Spiegel, composer of electronic music, in Chicago, Illinois
- Died: Jack Thayer, 50, American survivor of the sinking of the Titanic; Eduard Wirths, 36, German SS doctor (suicide by hanging while in British captivity)
September 21, 1945 (Friday)
- The Battle of Rugao was fought during the Chinese Civil War, resulting in communist victory.
- Brazil ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Born: Shaw Clifton, 18th General of the Salvation Army, in Belfast, Northern Ireland; Kay Ryan, poet and educator, in San Jose, California
September 22, 1945 (Saturday)
- The Huaiyin–Huai'an Campaign ended in communist victory.
- General George S. Patton complained in an interview that he had "never seen the necessity of the denazification program" and compared "this Nazi thing" to a "Democratic and Republican election fight."[9]
- "Till the End of Time" by Perry Como hit #1 on the Billboard singles charts.
September 23, 1945 (Sunday)
- The Egyptian government demanded that British forces withdraw from the Sudan prior to its incorporation with Egypt.[12]
- So Well Remembered by James Hilton topped the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.
- Born: Paul Petersen, actor, singer, novelist and activist, in Glendale, California
September 24, 1945 (Monday)
- Japanese Emperor Hirohito said that he did not war and blamed Hideki Tojo for the attack on Pearl Harbor.[12]
- Argentina ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Died: Hans Geiger, 62, German physicist
September 25, 1945 (Tuesday)
- The Allied Commission declared the Nazi Party illegal.[12]
- Born: Dee Dee Warwick, soul singer, in Newark, New Jersey
September 26, 1945 (Wednesday)
- The freedom of the English city of Aldershot was conferred on the Canadian Army, the first time any British community had presented its freedom to a complete visiting army.[12]
- The U.S. State Department publicized a letter written by Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 10 saying that Spain could expect no help from the United States as long as Francisco Franco remained in power.[9]
- El Salvador ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- Born: Bryan Ferry, singer and songwriter, in Washington, Tyne and Wear, England
- Died: Béla Bartók, 64, Hungarian composer and pianist; A. Peter Dewey, 28, American soldier and the first U.S. fatality in French Indochina (killed by Viet Minh troops in a case of mistaken identity)
September 27, 1945 (Thursday)
- Hirohito met General MacArthur in Tokyo.[12]
- The neorealist drama film Rome, Open City premiered in Italy.
- Born: Jack Goldstein, artist, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
September 28, 1945 (Friday)
- Anti-Dutch rioting took place in Indonesia.[1]
- China and Turkey ratified the United Nations Charter.[3]
- The drama film Mildred Pierce starring Joan Crawford, Jack Carson and Zachary Scott was released.
September 29, 1945 (Saturday)
- The Weixian–Guangling–Nuanquan Campaign began in China.
- The Chicago Cubs clinched the National League pennant at Wrigley Field with a 4–3 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of a doubleheader.[13]
- Born: Nadezhda Chizhova, Olympic gold medalist shot putter, in Usolye-Sibirskoye, USSR
- Died: George Van Haltren, 79, American baseball player
September 30, 1945 (Sunday)
- The Bourne End rail crash killed 43 people in Bourne End, Hertfordshire, England when an overnight express train derailed due to driver error.
- The Medal "For the Victory over Japan" was established in the Soviet Union.
- The Detroit Tigers clinched the American League pennant in dramatic fashion on the last day of the season when Hank Greenberg hit a grand slam in the top of the ninth inning to give the Tigers a 6–3 win over the St. Louis Browns.[14]
- The Black Rose by Thomas B. Costain topped the New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list.
- Born: Ehud Olmert, 12th Prime Minister of Israel, in Binyamina-Giv'at Ada, Mandatory Palestine
References
- ^ a b "1945". World War II Database. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Conflict Timeline, August 31-September 9 1945". OnWar.com. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "Rescript Read by Emperor Hirohito Before the Japanese Diet". ibiblio. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 634. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ "Soviet Spy Scandal". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "Major league no-hitters". NoNoHitters.com. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Conflict Timeline, September 10-19 1945". OnWar.com. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Yust, Walter, ed. (1946). 1946 Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. pp. 11–12.
- ^ "Was war am 18. September 1945". chroniknet. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "1945". MusicAndHistory.com. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Conflict Timeline, September 20-29 1945". OnWar.com. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "Chicago Cubs by Month - September". This Day in Chicago Cubs History. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ Smith, Burge Carmon (2010). The 1945 Detroit Tigers: Nine Old Men and One Young Left Arm Win It All. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-7864-6022-9.