Timeline of Istanbul
The following is a timeline of the history of the town of Istanbul, Turkey.
Prior to 4th century
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- 657 BC – Byzantium founded by Greeks.
- 196 – City taken by Septimius Severus.[1]
- 203 – Hippodrome built (approximate date).
4th-15th centuries
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- 330 – Constantine relocates seat of the Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantium; renames it "Constantinople".[2]
- 365 – City taken by forces of Procopius.[3]
- 381 – First Council of Constantinople held in Hagia Irene church.
- 390 – Obelisk of Theodosius installed.
- 413 – Theodosian Walls built.
- 476 – Basilica Cistern rebuilt (approximate date).
- 532 – Nika riots.
- 537 – Hagia Sophia church built.
- 543 – Column of Justinian erected.
- 626 – Siege of Constantinople (626) by Avars, Slavs and Sassanid Persians.
- 674 – Siege of Constantinople (674–78) begins.
- 717 – Siege of Constantinople (717–18).
- 813 – City besieged by Bulgarian forces.
- 821 – City besieged by forces of Thomas the Slav.
- 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860).
- 907 – Siege of Constantinople (907).
- 941 – Siege of Constantinople (941).
- 1100 - Paper in use.[4]
- 1203 – Siege of Constantinople (1203) by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace.
- 1204 – Siege of Constantinople (1204) by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked.
- 1348 – Galata Tower built.
- 1376 – City besieged by forces of Andronikos IV Palaiologos.
15th–19th centuries
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- 1410 – June: Battle of Kosmidion.
- 1411 – Siege of Constantinople (1411).
- 1422 – Siege of Constantinople (1422).
- 1453
- 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power.
- Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne.[5]
- Hagia Sophia (mosque) in use.[6]
- 1460 – Grand Bazaar built (approximate date).[7]
- 1459 – Topkapı Palace construction begins.
- 1478 – Galata Mosque in use.
- 1491 – Firuz Ağa Mosque built in Fatih.
- 1509 – 1509 Constantinople earthquake.[6]
- 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1554 - Coffee house in business.[8]
- 1558 – Süleymaniye Mosque built.
- 1577 – Observatory of Taqi al-Din built.
- 1584 – Çemberlitaş Hamamı (bath) built.
- 1616 – Sultan Ahmed Mosque built.
- 1746 – Kalenderhane Mosque consecrated.
- 1766 – Earthquake.
- 1821 – Constantinople Massacre of 1821.
- 1844 – Naum Theatre opens.
- 1845 – Galata Bridge built.
- 1856 – Dolmabahçe Palace built in Beşiktaş.
- 1861 - Al-Jawâ'ib begins publication.
- 1863 - First painting exhibition sponsored by Sultan Abdul Aziz
- 1870 - June 5: Fire in Pera.[9]
- 1871 – American College for Girls established in Arnavutköy.[6]
- 1880 – Yıldız Palace built.
- 1883
- School of Economics established.[6]
- Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul) begins operating.
- 1890 – Kum Kapu demonstration.
- 1891 – Imperial Museum founded.
- 1894
- 10 July: an earthquake in the Gulf of İzmit kills about 1,300[2]
- Pando's Creamery in business.[10]
20th century
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- 1905 – 21 July: Yıldız assassination attempt.
- 1908 – Istanbul declared a province with nine constituent districts.
- 1912 – Gülhane Park opens.
- 1913 - Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum opens.[11]
- 1914 – Darülbedayi theatre founded.
- 1915 – The 20 Hunchakian gallows hanging occurs in Beyazıt Square.
- 1918 – 13 November: Occupation of Constantinople by Allied forces begins, per Armistice of Mudros.[12]
- 1919 – Sultanahmet demonstrations.
- 1923
- City becomes part of the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
- Turkish capital relocated from Istanbul to Ankara.[1]
- 1924 – Airport opens in Yeşilköy.
- 1930 – City renamed "Istanbul".[13]
- 1933 – Istanbul University established.[6]
- 1938 – 10 November: Death of Atatürk.
- 1940
- Baghdad Railway begins operating.
- Atatürk Bridge built.
- Population: 789,346.[1]
- 1947 – İnönü Stadium opens in Beşiktaş.
- 1950 – Population: 1,000,022.[6]
- 1955 – 6–7 September: Istanbul pogrom.
- 1958 – Küçük Emek cinema opens.[14]
- 1964 – Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage opens.
- 1965 – Population: 2,293,823 (districts of Adalar, Bakırköy, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Çatalca, Eyüp, Fatih, Gaziosmanpaşa, Kadıköy, Kartal, Sarıyer, Silivri, Şile, Şişli, Üsküdar, Yalova, and Zeytinburnu).[15]
- 1969 – Bloody Sunday (1969).
- 1973
- Bosphorus Bridge built.
- Istanbul Festival begins.
- 1975 – 30 January: Airplane crash
- 1977 – 1 May: Taksim Square massacre.
- 1979 – Istanbul Marathon begins.
- 1982 – International Istanbul Film Festival begins.
- 1984 – March 23: Municipality of Greater Istanbul established.
- 1988 – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge built.
- 1989
- Istanbul Metro begins operating.
- Kadıköy Haldun Taner Stage in use.
- 1994
- Galata Bridge rebuilt.
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan becomes mayor of greater Istanbul.
- 1995 – 1995 Gazi Quarter riots.
- 1996 - United Nations Conference on Human Settlements held.
- 1999 – 1999 Istanbul bombings.
21st century
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- 2000
- City expands to include districts of Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Esenler, Güngören, Maltepe, Sultanbeyli, and Tuzla (approximate date).[citation needed]
- Population: 10,018,735.[16]
- 2003
- Istanbul Pride begins.
- November: 2003 Istanbul bombings.[13]
- Miniatürk park opens.[17]
- 2004
- City boundaries become coterminous with those of Istanbul Province.
- Kadir Topbaş becomes mayor of Greater Istanbul.
- March 9, 2004 attack on Istanbul restaurant.
- June: City hosts 2004 Istanbul summit.[13]
- 2005 – Sabancı Performing Arts Center opens in Tuzla.
- 2007
- April: Republic Protest.
- Süreyya Opera House in Kadıköy.
- 2008
- Istanbul expands to include districts of Arnavutköy, Ataşehir, Başakşehir, Beylikdüzü, Çekmeköy, Esenyurt, Sancaktepe, and Sultangazi.[18][19]
- 1 February: 2008 Istanbul fireworks explosion in Davutpaşa.
- July: 2008 Istanbul bombings.
- Labour strike in Tuzla.[citation needed]
- 2009
- City districts increased from 32 to 39.
- Istanbul Congress Center built.
- Depo art space founded.[20]
- 2010
- 31 October: 2010 Istanbul bomb blast.
- Baklahorani (carnival) revived.
- 2012
- 26 February 2012 Istanbul rally to commemorate the Khojaly massacre held.
- Museum of Innocence opens.[21]
- Population: 13,854,740.
- 2013
- 28 May: Gezi Park protests begin in Taksim Square.
- 29 October: the first phase of the Marmaray project opened for public use.[22]
- 2014
- 29 November: Pope Francis visit to meet with Patriarch Bartholomew I and Muslim leaders.[23]
- Sancaklar Mosque built in Büyükçekmece.[1]
- 2016 - 28 June: Istanbul Atatürk Airport attack.
See also
- Other cities in Turkey
References
- ^ a b c "Istanbul", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 503, OL 5812502M
- ^ a b Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Constantinople", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ George Henry Townsend (1867), "Constantinople", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Gabor Agoston and Bruce Alan Masters, ed. (2009). "Istanbul". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 854, OL 6112221M
- ^ "Istanbul". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. pp. 315–330. ISBN 9780195309911.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Nina Luttinger; Gregory Dicum (1999). "Historic Timeline". The Coffee Book: Anatomy of an Industry from Crop to the Last Drop. New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-724-4.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Cornel Zwierlein (2012). "Burning of a Modern City? Istanbul as Perceived by the Agents of the Sun Fire Office, 1865-1870". In Greg Bankoff; et al. (eds.). Flammable Cities: Urban Conflagration and the Making of the Modern World. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 82–102. ISBN 978-0-299-28383-4.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Gentrification tears at Istanbul's historically diverse fabric", Reuters, 29 October 2014
- ^ Karin Adahl and Mikael Ahlund, ed. (2000). "Turkey". Islamic Art Collections: An International Survey. Curzon Press. ISBN 978-1-136-11362-8.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Turkey Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Istanbul, Turkey". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ Turkish Statistical Institute. "Istanbul". 1965 Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "City Guide: Istanbul". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
- ^ Ipek Türeli (2006). "Modeling Citizenship in Turkey's Miniature Park". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. 17. International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments – via University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Turkish Statistical Institute (2007). "Istanbul". Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ Turkish Statistical Institute (2008). "Istanbul". Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "Turkey". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
- ^ Rails under the Bosporus, Railway Gazette International 2009-02-23
- ^ Pope in 'silent adoration' in Istanbul Blue Mosque
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.
Further reading
See also: Bibliography of Istanbul
Published in the 18th-19th century
- Petrus Gyllius; John Ball (1729). Antiquities of Constantinople. London.
- William Hunter (1803), "(Constantinople)", Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792 (3rd ed.), London: J. White, OCLC 10321359
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - H.A.S. Dearborn (1819), "Constantinople", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Constantinople", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Josiah Conder (1830), "Constantinople", Turkey, The Modern Traveller, vol. 14, London: J.Duncan
{{citation}}:|author=has generic name (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John Fuller (1830), "Constantinople", Narrative of a Tour Through Some Parts of the Turkish Empire, John Murray, OCLC 15470157
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Constantinople". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Vol. 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Evliya Çelebi (1834). "(Constantinople)". Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. Vol. 1. Translated by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. London: Oriental Translation Fund.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Constantinople". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John Macgregor (1844). "Trade of Constantinople". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Constantinople", Hand-book for Travellers in the Ionian Islands, Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, and Constantinople, London: J. Murray, 1845, OCLC 397597
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Mrs. Edmund Hornby (1858), In and Around Stamboul, Philadelphia: J. Challen & Son
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Constantinople". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Constantinople", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
Published in the 20th century
- William Holden Hutton (1900), Constantinople, Mediaeval Towns, London: J. M. Dent, OCLC 150311124
- "Constantinople", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Handbook for Travellers in Constantinople, Brûsa, and the Troad, London: J. Murray, 1907
- Guide to Greece, the Archipelago, Constantinople, the Coasts of Asia Minor. London: Macmillan and Co. 1907.
- "Constantinople", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Demetrius Coufopoulos (1910), Guide to Constantinople (4th ed.), London: Adam and Charles Black
- Robert Hichens (1913), The Near East: Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople, New York: Century Co., OCLC 1293222
- Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Constantinople". Russia, Scandinavia, and the Southeast. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. Vol. 10. Funk & Wagnalls Company – via Hathi Trust.
- William Harman Black (1920). "Turkey: Constantinople". The Real Europe Pocket Guide-Book. Black's Blue Books. New York: Brentano's.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Alt-Konstantinopel (in German), München: Roland-Verlag, 1920
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Glanville Downey (1960), Constantinople in the Age of Justinian, Centers of Civilization Series, USA: University of Oklahoma Press, OL 5800255M
- Bernard Lewis (1963), Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, USA: University of Oklahoma Press, OCLC 479098
- "Istanbul, the City That Links Europe and Asia", National Geographic Magazine, vol. 144, Washington DC, 1973
- J. H. G. Lebon (1970). "Islamic City in the Near East: A Comparative Study of Cairo, Alexandria and Istanbul". Town Planning Review. 41. JSTOR 40102697.
- Colin Thubron (1978), Istanbul, Great Cities, Time-Life Books, OL 4178939M
- Philip Mansel (1995), Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453-1924, John Murray, ISBN 9780719550768
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Istanbul". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
- Edhem Eldem; et al. (1999), The Ottoman City between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052164304X
Published in the 21st century
- Arzu Öztürkmen (2002). "From Constantinople to Istanbul: Two Sources on the Historical Folklore of a City". Asian Folklore Studies. 61. JSTOR 1178974.
- Europe's Muslim Capital by Philip Mansel in the June 2003 issue of History Today
- Amy Mills (2005). "Narratives in City Landscapes: Cultural Identity in Istanbul". Geographical Review. 95. JSTOR 30034247.
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Istanbul". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Istanbul". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 180–218. ISBN 9004153888.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Bruce Stanley (2008), "Istanbul", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 180–187, ISBN 9781576079195
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Nebahat Avcioğlu (2008). "Istanbul: The Palimpsest City in Search of Its Architext". RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics (53/54). JSTOR 25608817.
- Ebru Boyar (2010), A social history of Ottoman Istanbul, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521199551
- Birge Yildirim (2012), Transformation Of Public Squares Of Istanbul Between 1938—1949 – via International Planning History Society
- Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Istanbul". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13484-7.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Istanbul.
- Europeana. Items related to Istanbul, various dates.
- "Istanbul". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ArchNet. "Istanbul". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
| Countries bordering the Black Sea | |
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1 Disputed statehood — partial international recognition, but considered by most countries to be Georgian territory. | |
