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Underwater Hockey World Championships

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The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation. The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa.[citation needed]

Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. However in 2008, a rival world championships was conducted by the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) in Durban, South Africa. This is held by some to have been the official 2008 World Championship. WAA was founded by CMAS national federations in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey.[1] Since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Eger in Hungary in 2013.[verification needed] World championships are now scheduled for every second year.[2]

History

Championships conducted by CMAS

Year Date Championship Location event # Nations # Events
1980 - 1st World Championship Canada Vancouver, Canada[3] 5 Men's, women's
1982 - 2nd World Championship Australia Brisbane, Australia[4] 3 Men's, women's
1984 - 3rd World Championship United States Chicago, United States[5] 8 Men's, women's
1986 April 16 – 27 4th World Championship Australia Adelaide, Australia[6] 7 Men's, women's
1988 - 5th World Championship Netherlands Amersfoort, Netherlands[7] 9 Men's, women's
1990 - 6th World Championship Canada Montreal, Canada[8] 9 Men's, women's
1992 - 7th World Championship New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand[9] 9 Men's, women's, masters
1994 - 8th World Championship France Grand Couronne, France[10] 10 Men's, women's, masters
1996 - 9th World Championship South Africa Durban, South Africa[11] 11 Men's, women's, masters, women’s masters
1998 - 10th World Championship United States San José, United States[12] 14 Men's group A & B, women's, masters,
women’s masters, friendly games
2000 April 25 – 29 11th World Championship Australia Hobart, Australia[13] 15 Men's, women's, masters, women’s masters,
2002 July 20 – 28 12th World Championship CanadaCalgary, Canada[14] 13 Men's, women's, masters, women’s masters,
youth
2004 March 22 – 31 13th World Championship New Zealand Christchurch, New Zealand[15] 9 Men's, women's, masters, women’s masters,
Under 19 open & women under 19
2006 August 15 – 24 14th World Championship United Kingdom Sheffield, United Kingdom[16][17] 17 Men group A & B, masters, women,
women masters, under 19 open,
under 19 women, friendly games
2007 July 31 – August 4 15th World Championship/1st CMAS Underwater Games Italy Bari, Italy[18] 6 Men, women,
2009 August 21 – 29 16th World Championship/2nd CMAS World Games Slovenia Kranj, Slovenia[19][20] 12 Men, women,
2011 August 16 – 27 17th World Championship/3rd CMAS World Games Portugal Coimbra, Portugal[21][22] 12 Men, women,
2013 August 23 – September 1 18th World Championship/4th CMAS World Games Hungary Eger, Hungary[23] 19 Men - elite, masters, under 23 & under 19; women - elite, masters, under 23 & under 19[24]
2016 March 22 – April 2 19th World Championship/5th CMAS World Games South Africa Stellenbosch, South Africa[citation needed] 17 Men - elite, masters; women - elite, masters.

Championships conducted by WAA

Year Date Championship Location event # Nations # Events
2008 April 25 – May 3 1st WAA World Championships South Africa Durban, South Africa[25][26] 10 Men, women, open masters, under 19 open, under 19 women

The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[27]

References

  1. ^ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. ^ "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
  3. ^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  4. ^ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  5. ^ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  6. ^ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  7. ^ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  9. ^ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  10. ^ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  12. ^ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  13. ^ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. ^ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  15. ^ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  16. ^ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  17. ^ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  19. ^ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  20. ^ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  21. ^ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  22. ^ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  23. ^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  24. ^ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  25. ^ "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  26. ^ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  27. ^ "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
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