Jump to content

User:M Waleed/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

My sandbox

June 2014 North west Pakistan airstrikes[edit]

On 10 June, Pakistani security forces carried out aerial strikes in Tirah Valley of Khyber Agency in the northwestern tribal areas next to the Afghan border, during which nine militant hideouts were destroyed and at least 25 militants were killed[1][2][3][4]. The aerial strikes were conducted in the wake of the attack, and were an extension of a campaign of military operations against militants being conducted since the past few months.[2][1] The area was believed to be used as a shelter for several anti-state militant factions and foreign fighters from Central Asia.[1][3]

On 11 June, the Army decided to intensify air strikes on militant hideouts following a conference between top military commanders at the General Headquarters, Rawalpindi.[5][6]

On the early hours of Thursday 12 June, the U.S. conducted two successive drone strikes near Miramshah in North Waziristan, after a nearly six-month break in US drone campaigns in the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan. The drone strikes killed 16 suspected militants. According to a Pakistani intelligence sources, the militants killed included four Uzbeks, a few key Afghan Taliban commanders and members, and two members of TTP Punjab.[7][8]

On 15 June, Pakistan Air Force fighter jets bombed eight militant hideouts in North Waziristan, during which at least 105 militants[9][6] (or up to 150 according to other official sources)[10] were killed according to security officials. Most of those killed during the strikes were Uzbek fighters, as the targets were predominantly Uzbek hideouts, and the dead included insurgents linked to the airport attack.[10] Military and intelligence sources confirmed the presence of foreign and local militants in the hideouts before the military operation. Abu Abdur Rehman Almani, a key Uzbek militant commander and a mastermind of the attack, was also reported killed. Some foreign militants from the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, a Uyghur separatist group from western China, were also among the dead.[11][6]

Bombing of Calcutta[edit]

Main article: Bombing of Calcutta
Bombing of Calcutta
Part of the Operation U-Go during the Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II
Date20 December 1942 - Mid 1944
Location
Calcutta
Result

Inconclusive

  • Japanese raids cause heavy casualties
  • Heavy losses for Japanese Air Force
Belligerents

 British Empire

 United States		  Empire of Japan
Units involved
Royal Air Force
United States Army Air Force		 Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
Casualties and losses
Several Hundreds killed
Several ships sunk
Harbour significantly damaged		 Several Mitsubishi Ki-21 and Mitsubishi Ki-46 destroyed
One Aircraft carrier destroyed

The Bombing of Calcutta was a series of aerial raids carried out by Imperial Japanese Army Air Force on Calcutta, the capital of the British Raj. The bombing caused significant damages to infrastructure and killed hundreds however it failed to achieve it's primary goal of significantly disrupting allied supply lines.

Background[edit]

After the end of rainy season in 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force became much more active and raided north eastern Assam with the next target of Bombing Calcutta , with the objective of destroying the Calcutta port and delaying the Allied preparations for a counter-offensive. The 7th Air Brigade had been given the responsibility and they had carried out rehearsals in Malaya in November. In late November 1942 the brigade was reinforced by some aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service and, as reconaissance showed a large concentration of shipping at Calcutta, the Japanese decided to raid the airfields in the Chittagong area at the end of the month to draw the Allied fighters away from Calcutta which was to be attacked on the 5th December but the attack was delayed till December 20.[12]

Bombing[edit]

On December 20 1942, aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force started bombing the city of Calcutta causing damage to infrastructure and multiple casualties.[13][14] The bombing campaign continued till 24 December. The airstrikes on Christmas Eve were mainly targetting the Europeans but failed to do significant damage and human casualties were not significant. The target Howrah Bridge wasn't damaged but other parts of the city faced damages. [15]

Calcutta had good air defence systems which forced the Japanese pilots to fly high to evade the air defence and they raised Calcutta only during the night.[13] This bombing affected the industrial area and caused the displacement of 350,000 people.[16] United States Army Air Force was also deployed in Calcutta and engaged with the Japanese. [17]

The Royal Air Force bomber responded to these raids by destroying many Japanese aircraft and a Japanese aircraft carrier. By 1943, air defences were strengthened and RADAR guided night fighters were deployed which destroyed several Japanese Mitsubishi Ki-21 and Mitsubishi Ki-46.[13]

In January 1943, multiple Japanese raids were foiled by Royal Air Force.[16]

In August 1943, Royal Air Force deployed Spitfires.[13]

On 5 December 1943, a Japanese bombing on Calcutta's Kidderpore docks caused hundreds of deaths and destruction of several ships and warehouses.[13][18] Japanese aircraft dropped heavy explosives and anti-personnel bombs on the docks during day, without facing any resistance.[18] The docks were devastated.[18] Royal Air Force warplanes were deployed but they weren't able to engage.[12]

Japanese launched sporadic raids till 1944.[13]

Aftermath[edit]

In 1944, due to allied advances on multiple fronts, the Japanese aircraft had to be relocated to other areas for providing support and thus the bombing raids over Calcutta stopped. In 1945, after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the war came to an end.[13]

Order of Battle[edit]

Main article: Red Sea crisis

Houthis and Allies[edit]

Anti-Houthi forces[edit]

Israel[edit]

Prosperity Guardian[edit]

Aspides[edit]

Joint Operations (Prosperity Guardian + Aspides)[edit]

Independent deployments[edit]

Order of Battle of the Israel-Hamas War[edit]

Main article: Order of Battle of the Israel Hamas War

Israel[edit]

Hamas & Allies[edit]

Palestinian groups[edit]

 al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades [101]

Axis of Resistance[edit]

Scramble for Lacccadives[edit]

Lacccadives Scramble
DateFebruary 1948
Location
Lacccadives
Status Indian victory
Territorial
changes		 Lacccadives annexed into the Union of India
Belligerents
India Union of India
Kingdom of Travancore		 Pakistan Dominion of Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
India Vallabhbhai Patel Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan
Units involved
Travancore Police
 Indian Navy		  Pakistan Navy

The Scramble of Lacccadives was a military race between Pakistan Navy and Indian authorities in Travancore to reach the islands of Lakshadweep and annex the territory which took place in late August 1947. Both countries deployed naval vessels but the indian authorities were able to reach first annexing the islands.

Background[edit]

The Aminidivi islands under the rule of Tipu Sultan of Mysore Kingdom in 1787 were annexed to the British Raj in 1799 after the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. The rest of the islands remained under the suzerainty of the Arakkal family in return for a payment of annual tribute.[136] The British took over the administration of those islands in 1908 for nonpayment of arrears and attached it to the Madras Presidency.[137] As Lacccadives were not a separate entity so they weren't considered during the Partition of India and thus their status was unclear so Pakistan attempted to take hold of these islands.[138]

Race for Lacccadives[edit]

At the end of August, 1947, Liaquat Ali Khan, came to realisation that Lacccadives, a region with Muslim majority didn't become a part of Pakistan and could be taken control of with ease. The Deputy Prime Minister of India, Vallabhbhai Patel, also started to think about Lacccadives.[138][139][140]

So , the Royal Pakistan Navy sent a naval vessel towards Lacccadives from Karachi. In India Vallabhbhai Patel was informed about the plannings in Karachi. He immediately sent collector of Travancore to Lacccadives.[138][139][140] He also sent a message to Mudaliar brothers to convey the collector of Travancore to order the police officials to go to Lacccadives with available weaponry. Vallabhbhai Patel stated “If the police forces no firearms with them, they can take lathis with them but somehow take possession of the area.” [141] and the Flag of India was raised.[138]


A few hours later, Pakistani warship reached and had to return on seeing the Indian flag flying.[138][139][140]

Aftermath[edit]

The islands were annexed into the Dominion of India and became part of the Madras State under the Constitution of India in 1950.[142] In 1956, the islands which were had been divided between the South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras state, was organized into a separate union territory administered by the Government of India, following the States Reorganisation Act.[143][144] The territory which was known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands became Lakshadweep islands on 1 November 1973.

Shies protests[edit]

2018–2020 Shies protests

2018-2020 Shies protests
Tent camp of activists during a protest at Shies station in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, June 2019
DateJuly 2018 – February 18, 2021
Location
 Russia:
Goals
  • Termination of construction of a landfill at Shies station
  • Garbage reform and closure of landfills
MethodsProtest encampment, Sit-ins, Roadblocks, Demonstrations, Internet activism
StatusGoals achieved.
  • The government of the Arkhangelsk region terminated the contract with Technopark LLC.
ConcessionsGovernor of the Arkhangelsk Oblast Igor Orlov and Head of the Komi Republic Sergei Gaplikov resigned
Parties

Protestors

Number
Unknown
30,000+ protestors

Protests against the construction of a landfill at Shies station were environmentalist protests in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic , which began in 2018 to stop the construction of a landfill and complete waste reform in Russia . The landfill was intended for storing solid household and industrial waste exported from Moscow and other regions of Russia, since its construction was planned in swampy areas and posed a danger to residents of the region, as it could lead to contamination of surface and underground water sources. The protests ultimately ended when the government accepted the demands of the protestors.[145][146][147][148][149]

Overview[edit]

The emblem of the environmental movement “ Pomorye is not a trash heap ”, which organized protests in the Arkhangelsk Oblast

The protests started in July 2018 as an action by local residents, and by 2019 the protest had become the center of “anti-garbage” protests in Russia. In the second quarter of 2019, 34 of 56 environmental protests in the country were held in support of the Shies movement . The protests in support of the Shies movement took place in 30 regions of Russia.[145][146][150][147] In the Arkhangelsk Oblast, 95% of citizens voiced against the construction of a landfill, and 25% stated that they were even ready to participate in uncoordinated protests; residents submitted over 60 thousand signatures to the presidential administration demanding that their opinion should be considered and construction should be stopped.[151][152] In 2019, the protest received coverage in the international media.[153][154][155]

In June 2019, construction of the landfill was temporarily suspended.[147] On July 18, 2019, the European Parliament adopted a resolution demanding that Russia stop persecuting environmental activists in the Arkhangelsk Oblast.[156] On July 20, 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the Government of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Government of Moscow to ensure that the opinion of the population of the Arkhangelsk Oblast on the construction of solid municipal waste disposal facilities is considered.[157] In December 2019, Moscow authorities prepared a territorial waste management plan, excluding the Shies landfill so as not to inflame further protests.[158]

According to expert Andrei Churakov, the exclusion of the facility at Shies station from the list of priority investment projects was of a formal nature. To complete the Moscow landfill project, it was necessary to exclude it from the general plan of Urdoma , into which it was included without taking into account the opinions of local residents and local authorities, and begin to restore the disturbed territory and cut down forests at the construction site. The story with Shies itself, according to Churakov, "was an attempt to bring waste from the capital’s renovation to the Shies station waste from Moscow five-story buildings, and the investment project later became only a cover for this story"[159]

In December 2021, a crowdfunding project was launched to raise funds for the publication of a book about the protest in Shies. It will include more than 100 photographs by nine authors and memories of people who took part in the protest[160]

Events of protests[edit]

Old flag of Urdoma usually used by protestors

In 2018, construction of paved areas began on the territory of the Shies station with the help of Russian Railways . The first stage of construction began with the cutting down a hector of nearby forests.

In June of the same year, local residents accidentally discovered the construction site and equipment. And at the end of the year, activists placed the first trailer near the construction site for round-the-clock duty, to which people came from nearby settlements and even from the entire region. Gradually, the protest camp grew and new posts appeared.[161]

On December 2, 2018, rallies were held throughout the region, which, according to the organizers, gathered 30 thousand participants (including 5 thousand people in Arkhangelsk and 10 thousand people in Severodvinsk ). According to regional authorities, the rallies attracted 8 thousand people. Former senator from the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Konstantin Dobrynin also spoke out about the rallies: “30,000 people took to the streets of Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk and other cities and towns in the region. That's a lot. 30,000 people for the Arkhangelsk Oblast is like 700,000 for Moscow”. [162]

A protest against construction of Landfill in Shies

On February 3, 2019, a rally in Arkhangelsk attracted about 2 thousand people. The authorities, refused to hold the event in the city center, so the rally took place on the outskirts of the city on foot in 20-degree frost. [163]

On February 24, a rally in Severodvinsk attracted more than 10 thousand people. A few hours before the start of the rally, volunteer Yulia Chapulina, who was counting the number of participants, was detained by the authorities.[164]

On March 27, 2019, the Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies voted against holding a referendum on banning the import of garbage from other regions into the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. A clash occurred between environmental activists on duty and workers from a garbage construction site. Subsequently, there were regular clashes between Shies’s defenders and employees of private security company. The activists tried to prevent the unloading of fuel and building materials, and later reported beatings and injuries. [165]

A gathering in Snow against Landfills

In April, two wooden bridges that were used to carry equipment were damaged by protestors.[166]

A sit-in the city centre of Arkhangelsk

On April 7, 2019, unauthorized protests took place in Arkhangelsk and the start of a sit-in was announced. The authorities detained protesters en masse.[167]

On April 25, 2019, the Arkhangelsk Regional Court declared the resolution of the Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies against holding a referendum on banning the import of garbage from other regions into the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast as unconstitutional.[168] After this, the Governor of the Arkhangelsk Oblast Igor Orlov, the Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly and the Prosecutor's Office of the Arkhangelsk Oblast appealed against the decision of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court in the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.[169]

Flag of “Pomorie is not a trash heap!” movement

On May 19, a rally and concert in support of Shies was held at Teryokhin Square in Arkhangelsk. At the same time other mass events were also being held in Arkhangelsk on behalf of the administration. According to estimates by activists of the “Pomorie is not a trash heap!” movement, 8 thousand people came to the rally.[170]

On June 16, a rally was held at the Stroitel cultural center in Severodvinsk in support of activists at Shies station. At the same time, the city administration announced the celebration of the birthday of the Cultural Park. Despite this, the rally attracted 4 thousand people. After the rally, activists marched to Victory Square. [171]

On June 25, 2019, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the decision of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court to hold a referendum on the import of waste from other regions into the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast.[172]

On July 26, 2019, the “Day of Solidarity with Shies” event was held, during which residents of the region hung red cloth outside their windows. Governor Igor Orlov, who had previously called the protesters “shitholes,” later commented on this event: he decided that people simply hung out their washed clothes to dry.

On August 26, 2019, Levada Center published a survey conducted among residents of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. According to its results, 95% of respondents opposed the construction of a landfill in Shies, only 3% expressed agreement.[173]

On September 22, 2019, an anti-garbage rally was held in Solombala on Teryokhin Square, which was attended by two thousand people.[174]

On September 30, a recording of a meeting was published on the website of the Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies, in which a deputy from the Libertarian Party of Russia demanded the return of a plot of land due to the expiration of the lease as the agreement on the use of the forest area in the area of the Shies station which was concluded in 2018 had expired.[175]

On November 4, 2019, a 12-hour online Civil Solidarity Marathon was held in support of Shies.

On December 8, 2019, more than 10,000 people came to a rally in Kotlas against the construction of a landfill in Shies.[176]

On January 9, 2020, the Arkhangelsk Regional Arbitration Court, at the request of the Urdoma administration, declared the construction of the Shies landfill as illegal.[177]

On October 26, 2020, the 14th Arbitration Court of Appeal confirmed the decision of previous courts to demolish the erected landfill buildings in the area.

On November 6, the initiative group “Clean Urdoma” came to the camp on Shies and began to celebrate the “victory” in the struggle of activists against the construction of a landfill in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, after which the protesters began the systematic closure of posts.[178].

On December 2, 2020, the Arbitration Court of the Northwestern Federal District (St. Petersburg ) accepted the cassation appeal of Technopark LLC dated November 23, 2020 suspending the demolition of the landfill for up to two months.

On January 9, 2021, the initiative group “Clean Urdoma” published a statement in the community “We are against the landfill in the Lensky district” on VKontakte , in which it declared the completion of protest campaign against the construction of a landfill. At the same time, the activists who remain to live in the tent camps were proposed to be considered unrelated to continue the fight against the construction of the landfill, since they allegedly left the “Stop-Shies” coalition.[179]

On January 12, 2021, the management of Technopark LLC stated that activists at Shies station were hindering reclamation efforts by refusing to move the tent camp from a land plot of 15 hectares. The activists stated that it was too early to leave and they were going to continue to document violations committed by the contractor.[180]

Flag saying: "Pomorie is not a garbage dump" near the landfill

On February 4, 2021, the "Leningrad" activist camp at Shies station was destroyed by the troops of National Guard of Russia, tents and other property, as well as food supplies were destroyed and buried in a deep pit dug by an excavator.[181][182]

Also on February 4, 2021 in St. Petersburg, the Arbitration Court of the Northwestern Federal District considered the appeal of the Technopark company against the decision to demolish landfill buildings , which was previously made by the Arbitration Court of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, and upheld the decision of demolishing the landfill.[183]

On the morning of February 18, 2021, the police blocked all roads tens of kilometers to the Shies station from Madmas and Urdoma , and then police vehicles arrived. The activists who were at the reserve post “Banya” were detained, and were taken to Yarensk for interrogation. During the same day, the posts "Bonfire" and "Fortress", were destroyed, and the post "Bath" was looted and burned.[184][185][186] The activists were accused of unauthorized occupation of the area, and a trial was scheduled for early March.[187]

In December 2021, Vladimir Putin demanded Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources, Alexander Kozlov to explain why, after over the three years of the project, project documentation for the elimination of 104 illegal landfills was never generated and instructed him to do so.[188][189]

Authorities response and consequences[edit]

  • Initially, regional authorities sought to hush up this news story, but almost immediately it became clear that this strategy was ineffective. Moreover, in many ways, it was the silence of the authorities that caused particular discontent among people and helped spread information online.
  • The first reaction of the governor of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Igor Orlov, was ambiguous. On April 5, at a public meeting with representatives of veterans and trade union organizations, he stated: “I have lived here [in the Arkhangelsk Oblast for more than twenty years. My children were born here. And every scoundrel, which no one here can even call, is trying to call me something incomprehensible: either a Kaliningrader or a Ukrainian. I don’t care about their ratings and votes, what they think about me.” This is how he responded to the statement of one of the meeting participants that 96% of residents of the Arkhangelsk Oblast are “against all these government decisions on Shies and all landfills.”[190] This caused a huge wave of negativity. After the statement, a huge number of memes appeared on the network, and at rallies people ridiculed and criticized Orlov in every possible way for the above words.
  • The reaction of the federal authorities appeared later; on May 16, Vladimir Putin said at the ONF media forum: “Moscow cannot be overgrown with garbage, it is a city of ten million. But there is no need to create problems in other regions either. In any case, it should be in dialogue with the people who live there. I will definitely talk with the head of the region and Sergey Sobyanin. They cannot decide this privately, without asking the opinions of people who live in close proximity to these test sites"[191]
  • At the beginning of 2020, the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Komi, General Viktor Polovnikov, who was previously responsible for the police escort of fuel for the Shies testing site and the suppression of protests by environmental activists, was arrested on suspicion of taking a bribe.[192]
  • Governor of the Arkhangelsk region Igor Orlov [193] and Head of Komi Sergey Gaplikov[194] simultaneously resigned and left their posts in 2020.
  • New Acting Governor of the Arkhangelsk Region, Alexander Tsybulsky[195] and Acting Head of Komi Vladimir Uyba [196], appointed in April 2020, opposed the landfill project at Shies.
  • On April 29, 2020, in an interview with the media, Alexander Tsybulsky promised to close the Shies project.[197]
  • On June 2, 2020, by order of the Government of the Arkhangelsk Oblast “On termination of the agreement on support of an investment project between the Government of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the limited liability company Technopark dated May 20, 2019 dated June 2, 2020 No. 217-rp” the agreement between the Government of Arkhangelsk was terminated region and Technopark LLC. Upon termination of the agreement, information about the investment project of the EcoTechnoPark Shies company must be excluded from the register of priority investment projects in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. According to a court order, reclamation of a damaged piece of land would also be carried out at Shies station.[198]

Separatism[edit]

Slogans such "Pomorie is not a garbage dump" and "No to Moscow garbage" became highly popular amongst Pomor separatists. [199][200][201] who seek an independent Pomorie (sometimes referred to as Biarmia) within the borders of Arkhangelsk Oblast and also include Murmansk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug as part of a proposed state.[202]

In Music[edit]

1967 Guadeloupe riots[edit]

Main article: 1967 Guadeloupe riots

fr:Émeutes de mai 1967 en Guadeloupe

1967 Guadeloupe riots
A mural painted in the remembrance of the victims in Point-à-Pitre
Location
Guadeloupe
Caused byRacism, Socio-economic inequalities and Low Wages
GoalsIncrease of Wages, Separatism
MethodsRiots, Traffic Obstruction and Civil disobedience
Parties

Demonstrators

Lead figures

De Gaulle
Guadeloupe Pierre Bolotte

Jacques Nestor †

Casualties and losses
30+ wounded
~87-200 killed

The riots of May 1967 in Guadeloupe were clashes which occurred between gendarmes and demonstrators on the island during strikes following a racially motivated attack. The riots resulted in the deaths of 87 people (1985 estimate, 1967 estimate reported 7 deaths). [203][204] Other sources estimate the number to be between 80 and 200.[205]

Background[edit]

Guadeloupe, an island with a number of socio-economic inequalities between the peoples of European and African ancestry [206][207] significantly increased by the social transformation policies relaunched by the French government to compensate for the damage caused by Hurricane Inez .[208]

Moreover due to the Decolonisation movements taking place in other parts of the world, similar separatist movements also began to take form in Guadeloupe, such as GONG but the Gaullist movement in France was not willing to negotiate because of the strategic location of the island.[209] So these movements came into direct conflict with the French authorities, police and paramilitaries.[210]

Timeline[edit]

On March 20, 1967, Vladimir Snarsky, white owner of a large shoe store in Basse-Terre , unleashes his German shepherd to chase away Raphaël Balzinc, an old black and disabled shoemaker who set up his stall in front of the store.[211][212] The white owner, was the local leader of the Gaullist UNR party , ironically asked his dog “Say hello to the nigger!” ". This racist incident sparked riots and strikes in Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre. Two squadrons of National Gendarmerie were deployed in Guadeloupe.[213]

On May 24, 1967, construction workers in Guadeloupe went on strike to obtain a 2.5% salary increase and parity in social rights.[214]

On May 26, at noon, a crowd gathered in front of the Pointe-à-Pitre Chamber of Commerce and waited while negotiations took place between union organizations and the employer representatives. Around 12:45 p.m., they learned from a representative that the negotiations had broken down and rumors began to spread.[215]

The employers' representative, Georges Brizzard , reportedly said: " When the Negroes are hungry, they will go back to work!". The Demonstrators started chanting “ Djibouti , Djibouti” to recall the violence which had taken place there , with the French Army shooting separatist demonstrators on sight.[203].

The clashes began with tear gas grenades fired by the gendarmes against demonstrators who threw Lambi conch shells , stones and glass bottles. On the morning of May 26, Mobile Gendarmerie opened fire during violent demonstrations by strikers, causing several injuries.[216] When a gendarme took off his helmet to wipe his forehead , he received a violent blow to his head severely injuring him, the Mobile Gendarmerie open fire in retaliation, causing the death of Jacques Nestor, a prominent activist of the Guadeloupe National Organization Group. . According to the authorities, the firefight was initiated by demonstrators who opened fire first.[216]

The French authorities initially believed the insurrection to be fomented by the GONG but investigations revealed the riots to be spontaneous.[212]

Some sources state that the opening of fire on demonstrators was knowingly approved by the French government.[217]

Casualties[edit]

Demonstrators[edit]

The official toll from the authorities at the time of the massacre was 7 to 8 dead. In 1985, the Secretary of State for the French Overseas Territories, Georges Lemoine, confirmed the death toll of atleast 87 victims, cross-checked from several administrative sources, including the General Intelligence. [218] Most estimates put the death toll between 80 to 200, exact death toll was difficult to determine due to the destruction of archives.[205] MP Christiane Taubira put the death toll around one hundred.[219]

Law enforcement[edit]

More than 30 Gendarmes (some red kepis 'Mobile Gendarmerie"[220]) and members of the Republican Security Companies were reportedly injured by the demonstrators[221]

Commemorations[edit]

A mural was painted in remembrance of the victims on May 26, 2007 in Pointe-à-Pitre.[222]

Commemorations of the victims were held in 2017 , demanding the opening of classified archives.[223]

In Popular Culture[edit]

In Music[edit]

  • Biloute , a song by Mé swasannsèt , album Rékòlt, 2010

Bibliographies[edit]

  • Jacques Le Cornec, A West Indian kingdom: of stories and dreams and mixed peoples , L'Harmattan, 2005
  • Raymond Gama and Jean Pierre Sainton, Mé 67 , Guadeloupean publishing and distribution company, 1985
  • Jean Plumasseau, In the name of the fatherland , Éditions Nestor, 2012
  • Raymond Gama (2011). Éd. Lespwisavann (ed.). Mé 67:mémoire d'un événement (in French). Port-Louis. ISBN 978-2-9527540-4-0. OCLC 779736808.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)[110]

Television documentaries[edit]

  • “May 1967 in Guadeloupe, investigation into a forgotten massacre” on January 15, 2014 in 50 years of news stories on 13th street and on Planète+ Justice .
  • “May 1967, Police repression in Guadeloupe” broadcast by Fabrice Desplan, France Ô .
  • “May 67 – Don’t shoot the children of the republic” by Mike Horn, 2017, France Ô .
  • “The debate: May 67, the legacy of a revolt". Historical magazine presented by Fabrice d'Almeida in Histoire d'Outre-Mer, France Ô (broadcast on 01/31/2018)

Audio documentaries[edit]

  • Rendez with avec X, par Patrick Pesnot on France Inter, 7 March 2009: « May 1967 : The massacre at Pointe-à-Pitre.[224]
  • Sensitive affairs, by Fabrice Drouelle on France Inter , broadcast on Thursday April 28, 2016: “When the blacks are hungry, they will return to work” Guadeloupe, May 67, a bloody repression.[225][226]

Internet Documentaries[edit]

Press articles[edit]

  • “50 years ago, the Guadeloupean demonstrations ended in massacre”, on Slate.[228]
  • “From the forgotten massacres of May 1967 in Guadeloupe to the beginnings of the modern security order in the neighborhoods”, on Bastamag.[229]

Novels[edit]

  • May 67 , by Thomas Cantaloube (Gallimard, the Black Series, 2023) (in French)
  • Where dogs bark by their tails, by Estelle-Sarah Bulle (Liana Levi, 2018) (in French)

Others[edit]

he:טייסות חיל האוויר הישראלי

193 squadron[edit]

he:טייסת 193
193 Squadron (Israel)

93rd Squadron IAF
טייסת 193
Logo of the Squadron
ActiveAugust 12, 1987 – present
Country Israel
Allegiance Israel Defense Forces
Branch Israeli Air Force
TypeNaval Aviation
RolePerforming Aviation services for the Israeli Navy
Garrison/HQKanaf Ramat Air Base
Nickname(s)Defenders of the West
Motto(s)"In the air, at sea and on land"
Aircraft flown
HelicopterEurocopter AS565 Panther

113 Squadron[edit]

he:טייסת 113
113 Squadron (Israel)

Shafqat Baloch[edit]

On 6 September 1965 , at 1 A.M , Major Shafqat Baloch was moving towards the assigned position along with 90 of his troops. The troops were moving carefully amidst reports of Indian incursions . All of a sudden there was a loud burst of a machine gun coming from a military post of the Pakistan Rangers. The Major issued orders to move towards the post and on the way, he met a Rangers troop who broke the news of Indian assault and the death of many from his unit including the Major. The Ranger was going to inform the higher command but their telephone was damaged.

Major order the troops to entrench themselves near the Ichhogil Canal. They heard the noises of Indian infantry and Tank regiments. Through outnumbered, the Pakistanis were determined to put up a resistance.

The Major climbed to a position from where he could observe the Indians, while waiting for the indian troops to come closer, an Indian sniper shot the Major injuring his left arm.

Major requested artillery support but the Battalion headquarters was hesitant over fears of Friendly Fire.

The Major told the coordinates to his CO Lieutenant Colonel Ibrahim and requested artillery fire.

Major directed the artillery precisely at the indian troops inflicting heavy casualties as they had no idea about Pakistani presence. Then the Pakistani Anti tank crews destroyed two indian tanks followed by a rigorous infantry assault. The Indians had no choice but to retreat.

Pakistani troops were able to establish a definite frontline halting the Indian offensive. On September 7, Major and his comrades were ordered to come back and partake in the Battle of Barki while Major Aziz Bhatti was dispatched to the BRB front.

Major was taken to the GOC Major General Sarfraz Khan and asked about the casualties to which he responded with 2 killed and few wounded.

General was surprised and not believing, so he asked the major to rest, to which major responded by politely replying "Sir you can count my men".

Major's actions stalled the front for 17 days till the ceasefire agreement was reached. For his act of valor , he was awarded Sitara-e-Jurat.

12th Operational Brigade[edit]

12th Operational Brigade

129th special motorized militia battalion (1990-1992)

10th separate battalion of the NGU (1992-1995)

17th separate special motorized battalion (1995-2014)

18th operational regiment of the National Guard of Ukraine (2014-2019)

12th separate operational brigade (2019-2023)
Brigade Insignia
Active1990-2023
DisbandedLate 2023
Country Ukraine
Allegiance Ukraine
Branch National Guard of Ukraine (1990-1995)
Internal Troops of Ukraine (1995-2014)
National Guard of Ukraine (2014-23)
TypeBrigade
SizeFive Battalions
Garrison/HQ Mariupol
Nickname(s)Dmytro Vyshnevetsky Brigade
EngagementsRusso-Ukrainian War
Decorations
Courage and Bravery
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Colonel Denis Oleksiyovych Shlega
Colonel Serhii Yevhenovich Sovinskyi
Colonel Oleksandr Ivanovych Kryachko

12th brigade of operational assignment (12 BrOP — military unit 3057) was military formation of the National Guard of Ukraine . It was part of the Eastern operational territorial association . Location — Mariupol , Donetsk Oblast.[230]

History[edit]

Establishment[edit]

On January 18, 1990, the 129th special motorized militia battalion of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (military unit 5509) was formed in Mariupol.[231]

On January 2, 1992, on the basis of the 129th special motorized police battalion, the 10th separate battalion of the NGU (military unit 1041) was formed, which was part of the 4th Northern Division . In 1995, the battalion was transferred to the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and renamed the 17th separate special motorized battalion (military unit 3057).

Battle of Mariupol[edit]

Main article: Battle of Mariupol (2014)

In April 2014, the situation in the city of Mariupol became significantly complicated. Supporters of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic held systematic unauthorized rallies with attempts to seize state authorities, including the seizure of the Mariupol City Hall building. In the period from April 10 to 14, 2014, supporters of the DPR led by the so-called "people's mayor" Denis Kuzmenko and representatives of the force block of their security service repeatedly arrived at the checkpoint of military unit 3057 in order to persuade the command to submit to the leadership of the DPR and transfer weapons for their use. But after receiving a refusal, saboteurs blocked the checkpoint with wheels, sandbags and other objects. By the next morning, the remains of the barricade were removed with the assistance of the police. On April 16, 2014, servicemen of the 17th separate battalion under the command of Serhiy Sovinskyi[232] repelled an attempt to capture the HQ of the military unit.[205] At 20:00, a group of female protestors started an unauthorized rally at the gate of the unit. In this way, they distracted the attention of military personnel. The attack on the military unit began at 20:30. Protesters started throwing Molotov cocktails and tearing down gates. They demanded that the personnel hand over their weapons. Realizing that this would not bring success, they began to request reinforcements over the radio. The minibuses arrived in twenty minutes. Armed men in uniforms and balaclavas disembarked from them. A total of about 200 people started shooting with firearms in the direction of the unit. The shelling was carried out along the entire perimeter from nearby houses. [233] The servicemen of the 17th battalion opened fire first in the air, and then at the targets.[205] The personnel of the unit held the defense until midnight. At 24:00, all units of the Mariupol police arrived to help, and the cleaning of the adjacent part of the territory began.[233] At least 19 attackers were wounded, 3 of them fatally.[205]

Restructuring[edit]

In December 2014, unit 3057 was reformed into the 18th operational regiment of the National Guard of Ukraine , during the next four months, its ranks were replenished with servicemen from the "Azov" and "Donbas" special forces battalions .

Thus, in 2015, the regiment included:

On September 9, 2016, the "Donbas" battalion was transferred to the 15th regiment , which was stationed in the city of Sloviansk. [203]

In October 2019 , the regiment was reorganised as 12th separate operational brigade.[239]

Siege of Mariupol[edit]

Main article: Siege of Mariupol

The brigade took part in the Siege of Mariupol.[240] After the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, the brigade took up the defense in the city of Mariupol. On 16 April 2022, Russian forces captured the base of the unit, in western Mariupol.[241] Together with other units, the brigade defended the city until May 2022, until the final blockade of the Ukrainian troops at the Azovstal plant. On May 3, the brigade commanders reported on the catastrophic situation at the plant and called on the military-political leadership of Ukraine and the International community to evacuate all troops from the territory of "Azovstal".[242]

Reformation into Azov Brigade[edit]

Main article: Azov Brigade

During the Siege of Mariupol, most of the troops of the Azov Regiment were captured, the remaining troops and the 12th Brigade were then reorganised into the 12th Special Purpose "Azov" Brigade.[243][244]

Honours[edit]

On March 24, 2018, by decree of the President of Ukraine, with the 18th operational regiment was awarded the honorary title "name of Dmytro Vyshnevetsky" after Dmytro Vyshnevetsky.[245]

On October 27, 2022, the unit received the honorary award "For Courage and Bravery" by the decree of the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky.[246]

Commanders[edit]

  • Colonel Serhii Yevhenovich Sovinskyi (2014)[247]
  • Colonel Oleksandr Ivanovych Kryachko (2014-2021)
  • Colonel Denis Oleksiyovych Shlega (2021—2022)[248].

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c At least 25 killed in airstrikes in Tirah valley – Pakistan – DAWN.COM Archived 10 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b Aerial bombing in Tirah valley kills 25 militants – The Express Tribune
  3. ^ a b Shah, Saeed. "Pakistan Weighs Strike Against Taliban Over Airport Attack". Wall Street Journal.
  4. ^ "Pakistani airstrike after airport attack".
  5. ^ Army resolves to intensify air strikes against militants – Pakistan – DAWN.COM
  6. ^ a b c "ISPR press release".
  7. ^ Successive drone strikes leave at least 16 dead in N Waziristan – Pakistan – DAWN.COM
  8. ^ Drone targeted Haqqani network commander, Afghan Taliban: sources – Pakistan – DAWN.COM Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Mujtaba, Haji (15 June 2014). "Pakistan army launches big operation after airport attack". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Mostly Uzbeks killed in overnight N Waziristan bombing: army – Pakistan". Dawn.Com. 15 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Karachi airport attack mastermind killed in N Waziristan: Sources – Pakistan". Dawn.Com. 15 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  12. ^ a b War against Japan: The decisive battles. p. 120.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "75 years of World War II Japan bombing of Kolkata: How the city of joy fought back".
  14. ^ Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
  15. ^ No Way Back home.
  16. ^ a b United states army in World War 2. p. 314.
  17. ^ Looking for Mr.Smith.
  18. ^ a b c "Hungry Bengal: War, Famine and the End of Empire".
  19. ^ Jones, Sam (31 December 2023). "US Navy downs missiles in Red Sea after ship attacked by Houthi rebels". The Guardian.
  20. ^ Baldor, Lolita; Copp, Tara (11 January 2024). "US, British militaries launch massive retaliatory strike against Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  21. ^ "U.S. Forces Strike and Destroy Houthi Surface-to-Air Missile". CENTCOM. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  22. ^ Graef, Aileen (19 February 2024). "US conducts strikes against Houthi underwater vessel for the first time since Red Sea attacks began". CNN.
  23. ^ "Japan condemns Yemen's Houthi rebels hijack of cargo ship in Red Sea". BBC News. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  24. ^ Baldor, Lolita (29 November 2023). "US Navy warship shoots down a drone launched by Houthis from Yemen". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Iranian warship Alborz enters Red Sea amid tensions: State media". Al Arabiya English. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Iran Update, December 22, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference semafor was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference hez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ "Within 10 days.. 75 Houthis were killed in Western strikes" (in Arabic). Sky News Arabia. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  30. ^ "New Israeli warship deployed to Red Sea". Sky News. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  31. ^ "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack". The Times of Israel. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Israel shoots down Houthi cruise missiles using F-35i Adir fighter jets". Defence Blog. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  33. ^ "Explosions in Egyptian red sea town near Israel".
  34. ^ LaGrone, Sam (31 December 2023). "U.S. Navy Helo Crews Kill Houthi Assault Boat Teams After Red Sea Attack". USNI News. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  35. ^ "Attacks on ships and US drones show Yemen's Houthis can still fight despite US-led airstrikes". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  36. ^ "Statement on Air Strikes against Houthi military targets in Yemen: 24 February 2024". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  37. ^ "SLNS Gajabahu returns from Red Sea". Ceylon Today. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  38. ^ "Red Sea crisis: SLN prepped to continue patrols". The Morning. 3 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  39. ^ "Une frégate de défense aérienne française intègre l'opération européenne Aspides | Mer et Marine". www.meretmarine.com (in French). 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  40. ^ "Interception par l'hélicoptère de la frégate française d'un drone aérien en provenance du Yémen menaçant le trafic maritime civil en mer Rouge". Armée française – Opérations militaires (in French). 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  41. ^ "French helicopter destroys Houthi drone". The Jerusalem Post. 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  42. ^ "Interceptions de drones aériens en provenance du Yémen". Armée française – Opérations militaires (in French). 9 March 2024. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  43. ^ "Marineschip naar Rode Zee voor bevoorrading en medische zorg". Defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 5 April 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  44. ^ Karreman, Jaime (5 April 2024). "Kabinet: ook Zr.Ms. Karel Doorman naar Rode Zee". Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  45. ^ "CHINA'S CALCULATED INACTION IN THE RED SEA CRISIS". 6 March 2024.
  46. ^ "Saudi Air Defense shoots down 6 Houthi missiles in 48 seconds".
  47. ^ "Egyptian forces down Houthi drones targeting Eilat".
  48. ^ "Dhaab drone strike".
  49. ^ Frantzman, Seth J. (2023-10-17). "Overwhelmed: The IDF's first hours fighting the terror waves on Oct 7". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-26. Golani soldiers from the 51st and 13th battalions fought along 30km of the border at numerous points and took heavy casualties between October 7 and 9.
  50. ^ a b "As combat in north Gaza slows, Gallant rejects any prospect war nearing end". The Times of Israel. 2 January 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  51. ^ "Israeli soldier killed in northern Israel". Al Jazeera. 6 June 2024.
  52. ^ "Cleared for publication: Deputy IDF Commander killed on Lebanon border". Israel National News. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  53. ^ Tom O'Connor (2024-03-19). "Hezbollah "ready to resist" new Israeli unit sent to Lebanon, Syria borders". Newsweek. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  54. ^ "IRAN UPDATE, April 4, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  55. ^ Ashkenazi, Avi (6 June 2024). "Gazan terrorists attempt to infiltrate Israel, evading IDF security buffer before being spotted". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  56. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 June 2024). "IDF soldier killed by terrorists trying to infiltrate Israel from south Gaza". www.timesofisrael.com. The Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  57. ^ "Commander of IDF's Nahal Brigade killed in clashes with Hamas on Gaza border". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  58. ^ "IDF kills terrorists in Rafah, finds numerous weapons". The Jerusalem Post. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  59. ^ a b ben Kimon, Elisha (2023-10-13). "המשחררים של נחל עוז: קציני סיירת גבעתי מדברים על התופת והגבורה בקרב". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  60. ^ "Israeli army tweets video that appears to show soldiers shooting Palestinians who surrendered". France 24. 13 October 2023.
  61. ^ "Squad of female IDF combat troops eliminated nearly 100 Hamas terrorists". October 23, 2023.
  62. ^ "IRAN UPDATE, April 4, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  63. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ToI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  64. ^ "252nd Division conquers Beit Hanoun in Gaza". Israel National News. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  65. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (2023-11-08). "IDF says its entire 252nd Reserve Division is operating inside Gaza". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  66. ^ "IDF Deploys Fifth Brigade to Rafah as operation expands in southern city". i24news.tv. I24. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  67. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "IDF says commander of elite 'Ghost' unit among those killed in battles". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  68. ^ "IDF's haredi battalions fight inside Gaza for the first time". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  69. ^ https://aje.io/hg54p3?update=2922096
  70. ^ "Seven soldiers die as IDF breaks more Khan Yunis defense lines". The Jerusalem Post. 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  71. ^ https://maglan.org/
  72. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  73. ^ Glazer, Hilo (20 October 2023). "A Handful of Israeli Officers Saved 90 New Recruits From Hamas Terrorists. They Paid With Their Lives". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  74. ^ "Soldier killed in accident on Gaza border as Gallant sends more troops to Rafah". The Times of Israel. 1 March 2024.
  75. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF announces deaths of three soldiers killed fighting in northern Gaza earlier today". timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  76. ^ Lecker, Maya. "On October 7, Sexism in Israel's Military Turned Lethal". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2023-11-28. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  77. ^ https://aje.io/8mqpai?update=2888920
  78. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  79. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  80. ^ "Lebanon drone kills IDF soldier; Hezbollah, IDF continue tensions". The Jerusalem Post. 2023-12-16. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  81. ^ https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/s1ce00xbw6
  82. ^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/testimonies-from-beeri-massacre-expose-deep-trauma-predating-israels-creation/ . Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Upon receiving the report of wounded following the infiltration of terrorists in Zikim, the soldiers of Unit 669 were rushed to the field. The forces worked to rescue the wounded under fire and mortar fire. Since the beginning of the fighting, Unit 669 rescued about 200 wounded in about 45 rescues". twitter.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  84. ^ a b "New footage shows harbor security unit foiling Hamas naval infiltration on October 7". The Times of Israel. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  85. ^ "New Israeli warship deployed to Red Sea". Sky News. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  86. ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 307 soldiers, 58 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  87. ^ Tibon, Amir (2023-11-04). "As We Hid in Our Safe Room, These Heroes Went Out to Save Our Kibbutz – and Never Returned". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  88. ^ "קצין בכיר: לוחמי הימ"מ חיסלו 200 מחבלים; תשעה לוחמים נהרגו ו-35 נפצעו | ישראל היום". October 14, 2023.
  89. ^ "356 מחבלים חוסלו בידי שוטרי ולוחמי המשטרה".
  90. ^ Duro, Israel. "Heroes of Israel: Armed members of several kibbutzim managed to fight off terrorists". VOZ. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  91. ^ Ghert-Zand, Enee. "Young dad of 6 absorbed blast to protect family in attack on Kerem Shalom". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  92. ^ "UNRWA Situation Report #1 on the Situation in the Gaza Strip (Situation Report)". United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. United Nations. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023. At 06:30 on the morning of 7 October 2023, Hamas launched more than 5,000 rockets reportedly fired towards Israel from multiple locations in Gaza, as well as ground operation into Israel.
  93. ^ "THE ORDER OF BATTLE OF HAMAS' IZZ AL DIN AL QASSEM BRIGADES". Institute for the Study of War.
  94. ^ "Iran Update, December 14, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
  95. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  96. ^ "Al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit: 'Hamasland' in south Lebanon? - l'Orient Today". Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  97. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  98. ^ a b "Iran Update, December 23, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
  99. ^ "Iran Update, December 15, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
  100. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  101. ^ a b c "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  102. ^ "خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية". Alhourriah. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  103. ^ الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. "khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia" خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية [During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  104. ^ a b "Iran Update, December 20, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
  105. ^ Jhaveri, Ashka; Parry, Andie; Ganzeveld, Annika; Braverman, Alexandra; Soltani, Amin; Mills, Peter; Moore, Johanna; Carter, Brian (3 January 2024). "Iran Update, January 3, 2024". Iran Update. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  106. ^ "Iran Update, December 27, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
  107. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  108. ^ Parry, Andie; Soltani, Amin; Carter, Brian; Braverman, Alexandra (29 December 2023). "Iran Update, December 29, 2023". Iran Update. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  109. ^ "Institute for the Study of War".
  110. ^ a b c d موسى, رائد. "برا وبحرا وجوا.. المقاومة تنفذ أكبر مناورة عسكرية في غزة". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-10-31. Cite error: The named reference ":1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  111. ^ "الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى" [Popular Front: The US Administration's Decision to Provide Support to the Entity [Israel] Aims to Contain the Strategic Outcomes of the Battle of the Al-Aqsa Flood]. alahednews.com.lb (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  112. ^ a b c Guy Van Vlierden (14 October 2023). "HLN ONDERZOEK. Van jihadisten tot communisten: zeker 10 groeperingen deden mee met actie Palestijnse terroristen (HLN RESEARCH. From jihadists to communists: at least 10 groups participated in Palestinian terrorist action)". Het Laatste Nieuws. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023.
  113. ^ "أبرزها القسام وشهداء الأقصى وسرايا القدس، معلومات عن فصائل المقاومة الفلسطينية". Veto (in Arabic). October 22, 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  114. ^ Burke, Jason (26 November 2023). "Disappointed, disenchanted, defiant: inside the world of the West Bank's angry armed youths". The Observer. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  115. ^ Jhaveri, Ashka; Carter, Brian; Ganzeveld, Annika; Soltani, Amin; Braverman, Alexandra; Mills, Peter; Carl, Nicholas (2 January 2024). "Institute for the Study of War". Iran Update. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  116. ^ "Iran Update, December 4, 2023". Critical Threats.
  117. ^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/palestinian-group-attempts-to-fire-rockets-from-jenin-area-at-nearby-settlement/#:~:text=A%20group%20calling%20itself%20the,projectile%20mounted%20on%20a%20launcher.
  118. ^ "Two Resistance Brigades members killed by Israeli shelling". Naharnet. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  119. ^ ANTONIOS, Zeina (November 2023). Here's what we know about Hezbollah's elite al-Radwan unit Archived 20 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine today.lorientlejour.com
  120. ^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-confirms-attack-on-hezbollah-linked-iranian-militia-members-in-lebanon/
  121. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  122. ^ חדשות (2023-11-16). "צה"ל תוקף בלבנון אחרי שפצמ"רים שוגרו לעבר מוצב בגליל העליון". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-11-17.
  123. ^ Nada Homsi (2023-10-31). "'We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon-Israel front". The National. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  124. ^ "الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - القومي أعلن استشهاد أحد مقاتليه وسام محمد سليم". الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  125. ^ ""أمل" تنعى أحد عناصرها... قضى بقصف إسرائيليّ على بلدة رب ثلاثين". An-Nahar. 2023-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  126. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  127. ^ Comms, I. S. W. "Iran Update, January 9, 2024". Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  128. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  129. ^ Seizure of Pure Car and Truck Carrier Chartered by NYK, Press Release, November 19, 2023, retrieved November 21, 2023
  130. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  131. ^ "Syrian air defences shoot down Israeli projectiles in the vicinity of Damascus".
  132. ^ "Iran fires air defense batteries in provinces as explosions heard near Isfahan". Associated Press. 19 April 2024. Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  133. ^ "Israel launches missile attack on Isfahan in response to Iran assault". Al Jazeera. 19 April 2024. Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  134. ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie (1 April 2024). "Middle East crisis live: Iran says it holds Israel responsible for Damascus consulate attack and will 'reciprocate when we want'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  135. ^ "Iran Update, December 22, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  136. ^ Logan, William (2010). Malabar Manual (Volume-I). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8-120-60447-6.
  137. ^ Logan, William (1887). Malabar Manual. New Delhi: Asian Education Services. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-206-0446-9. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  138. ^ a b c d e "How Pakistan lost an Island paradise".
  139. ^ a b c "How Sardar Patel kept Pakistan from grabbing Lakshadweep Islands".
  140. ^ a b c "The story of Lakshadweep".
  141. ^ "Sardar Patel Managed to retain Lakshadweep".
  142. ^ "Parliament of India". Constitution of India (PDF). Government of India. 1950. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  143. ^ 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District (PDF). Madras Government Press. 1953. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  144. ^ States Reorganisation Act, 1956 (PDF) (Report). Government of India. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  145. ^ a b Сахарова 2019, p. 473.
  146. ^ a b Очкина 2019, p. 7.
  147. ^ a b c Соловьева 2019.
  148. ^ Никитина 2019, p. 32.
  149. ^ Управление Росводресурсов 2019.
  150. ^ Брицкая 2019b.
  151. ^ Гребень 2019.
  152. ^ Брицкая 2019a.
  153. ^ MacFarquhar 2019.
  154. ^ Luxmoore 2019.
  155. ^ Maynes 2019.
  156. ^ European Parliament 2019.
  157. ^ Путин 2019.
  158. ^ Подобедова 2019.
  159. ^ "Победа, но не окончательная: по закрытию «Шиеса» нужны разбирательства и уголовные дела, а не обещания". Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  160. ^ «Ну-ка тихо! Устроили тут Шиес!». Объявлен сбор средств на книгу о легендарной точке протеста Archived 2022-01-04 at the Wayback Machine // Новая Газета
  161. ^ "Мусорный протест в Шиесе. Без головы, но в лицах" (in Russian). www.fontanka.ru. 20190604T1518+0300Z. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  162. ^ Ведомости (2018-12-10). "Почему Архангельск выступил против московского мусора". www.vedomosti.ru. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  163. ^ "«Не отстоим Шиес — потеряем север»: следим онлайн за «антимусорными» протестами в Поморье" (in Russian). 29.ru. 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  164. ^ "В Архангельске троих участниц антимусорного митинга задержали за апрельскую акцию" (in Russian). Новая газета - Novayagazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  165. ^ Нина Попугаева, Владимир Прокушев. "Как преследуют защитников Шиеса: от разрушенных вагончиков — до нападений на журналистов". 7x7. Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  166. ^ "Архангельское издание рассказало о поджоге мостов к полигону в Шиесе" (in Russian). Радио Свобода. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  167. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "В Архангельске участники "мусорного" протеста требовали отставки губернатора | DW | 07.04.2019" (in Russian). DW.COM. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  168. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "Архангельский суд признал незаконным запрет на «антимусорный» референдум | DW | 26.04.2019" (in Russian). DW.COM. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  169. ^ "Архангельский суд отменил запрет на "антимусорный" референдум" (in Russian). Радио Свобода. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  170. ^ "В Архангельске прошел антимусорный митинг | Новости | ОТР". ОТР - Общественное Телевидение России. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  171. ^ "Северодвинск выйдет на митинг в поддержку Шиеса" (in Russian). www.nakanune.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  172. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "Верховный суд России отменил решение о референдуме по свалке в Шиесе | DW | 25.06.2019" (in Russian). DW.COM. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  173. ^ "Отношение жителей Архангельской области к проекту строительства Экотехнопарка Шиес" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2019-12-29. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  174. ^ "Север. Далее везде" (in Russian). Новая газета - Novayagazeta.ru. 2019-09-23. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  175. ^ Издательство «Советская Россия», © 2019 г. "Шиес: помойка атакует" (in Russian). www.sovross.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  176. ^ "В Архангельской области более 10 тыс. человек вышли на митинг против мусорного полигона на Шиесе". Archived from the original on 2019-12-08. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  177. ^ О закрытии проекта мусорного полигона на Шиесе сообщили власти Архангельска
  178. ^ Шиес: два года протеста. Хронология событий on YouTube // Activatica. 31 октября 2020.
  179. ^ Экоактивисты объявили протестную кампанию против мусорного полигона в Шиесе оконченной Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine // Коммерсантъ. 09.01.2021.
  180. ^ «Технопарк» заявил, что лагерь активистов на Шиесе мешает рекультивации. Противники полигона уходить не собираются и считают, что работы ведут с нарушениями Archived 2021-01-28 at the Wayback Machine // 29.RU. 12 января 2021.
  181. ^ Полиция и областные чиновники приехали на Шиес. Они проверяют, демонтирован ли лагерь активистов Archived 2021-02-04 at the Wayback Machine // 29.ru. 4 февраля 2021.
  182. ^ Архангельские власти и полиция снесли лагерь активистов в Шиесе Archived 2021-02-06 at the Wayback Machine // Интерфакс. 5 февраля 2021.
  183. ^ «Технопарк» вновь проиграл суд в деле о признании построек на Шиесе незаконными: Кассационную жалобу компании рассмотрели 4 февраля в Арбитражном суде Северо-Западного округа // 29.ru. 5 февраля 2021.
  184. ^ Неизвестные сожгли посты активистов на станции Шиес Archived 2021-02-19 at the Wayback Machine // Московский комсосолец. 18 февраля 2021.
  185. ^ На Шиесе вновь горячо: уничтожены и сожжены ещё несколько постов активистов Archived 2021-03-07 at the Wayback Machine // news29.ru. 19 февраля 2021.
  186. ^ Роман Арсенин. Неизвестные уничтожили все посты экоактивистов в Шиесе Archived 2023-02-06 at the Wayback Machine // ФедералПресс. 19 февраля 2021.
  187. ^ Пятерым экоактивистам, задержанным в Архангельской области, вменили самовольный захват лесных участков Archived 2021-02-19 at the Wayback Machine // Эхо Москвы. 19 февраля 2021.
  188. ^ "Александр Козлов: биографический портрет". Рамблер/новости (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  189. ^ "Министр природопользования и экологии: карьера и биография Александра Козлова - Promdevelop". Archived from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  190. ^ "«„Шелупонь" тебе здесь не простят!». Лица и плакаты архангельского митинга против мусорного полигона на Шиесе — фоторепортаж «7x7»" (in Russian). 7x7-journal.ru. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  191. ^ "Путин заявил, что вопрос свалки в Архангельской области не может решаться келейно" (in Russian). Интерфакс. Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  192. ^ "Оказывал покровительство: задержан глава МВД Коми". Газета.Ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  193. ^ "Губернатор Архангельской области объявил об отставке". РБК (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  194. ^ "Новые главы Коми и Архангельской области выступили против полигона в Шиесе". Archived from the original on 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
  195. ^ "Глава Архангельской области выступил против мусорного полигона в Шиесе :: Политика :: РБК". Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
  196. ^ "Новые главы Коми и Архангельской области выступили против полигона в Шиесе". Archived from the original on 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
  197. ^ Александр Цыбульский пообещал «спокойно» закрыть проект «Шиес»
  198. ^ Инвестиционный проект «Шиес» приказал долго жить Archived 2020-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, 7.06.2020
  199. ^ Solovyova, Yelena (2019-07-06). "Protests in Shiyes: How a Garbage Dump Galvanized Russia's Civil Society". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 2023-05-07. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  200. ^ "Не Поморье – не помойка". Регион.Эксперт (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  201. ^ ""Опасный" поморский флаг". Регион.Эксперт (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-05-07. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  202. ^ "Поморский сепаратизм засудят в зародыше". tvrain.tv (in Russian). 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  203. ^ a b c "Mai 1967 à Pointe-à-Pitre : « Un massacre d'Etat »" (in French). L'Humanité. 2017-05-25. Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  204. ^ "Guadeloupe, mai 1967 : un massacre aux zones encore troubles". Outre-mer la 1ère (in French).
  205. ^ a b c d e Francis, Gladys M. (2018). "Dialogisme, exotisme et chaos en milieu antillais: André Breton et Gerty Dambury" (in French). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. La France dépêche des gendarmes mobiles sur l'île peu après l'ordonnance du préfet Pierre Bolotte qui autorise des CRS, tous blancs, à tirer sur les manifestants qui incluent des lycéens de Baimbridge protestant contre les tueries de badauds de la veille. Ces émeutes causent la mort de 80 à 200 ouvriers et passants guadeloupéens, contre 30 gendarmes blessés. Des syndicalistes et passants sont arrêtés, maltraités en prison et acquittés sous de faux chefs d'accusation. Au dossier de ces émeutes promptement scellé sous statut "secret défense" (jusqu'en 2017) se joint la destruction d'archives municipales et hospitalières qui accentuent le flou du compte des victimes. Cite error: The named reference ":2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  206. ^ Rauzduel, Rosan (15 November 1998). Publications de la Sorbonne (ed.). "Ethnie, Classes et Contradictions Culturelles en Guadeloupe". Socio-anthropologie. ISSN 1276-8707.
  207. ^ https://www.cairn.info/revue-le-mouvement-social-2010-1-page-79.htm
  208. ^ "« Guadeloupe, mai 67 », autopsie d'un « massacre » d'Etat" (in French). Le Monde.fr. 2023-06-30.
  209. ^ https://www.cairn.info/revue-politique-etrangere-2013-4-page-65.htm&wt.src=pdf)
  210. ^ Elsa Dorlin (2023). Libertalia (ed.). Guadeloupe, mai 67 - Massacrer et laisser mourir (in French). p. 65. ISBN 978-2377292691.
  211. ^ "1967-1974 : les cadences troubles des Antilles françaises". Radio France (in French). 2019-03-02.
  212. ^ a b Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (2016). Éditions La Découverte (ed.). Les luttes et les rêves (in French). Paris. p. 785. ISBN 978-2-35522-088-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  213. ^ Félix-Hilaire Fortuné. L'Harmattan (ed.). La France et l'Outre-Mer antillais. p. 303.
  214. ^ "Les émeutes de mai 1967: 7 ou 87 morts ?". Voges matin.
  215. ^ "En Guadeloupe, la tragédie de "Mé 67" refoulée" (in French). Le Monde. 2009-05-26.
  216. ^ a b Gama 2011.
  217. ^ "Quand, pour la dernière fois, les forces de l'ordre ont-elles tiré sur une foule en France ?". www.liberation.fr. 7 December 2018.
  218. ^ François-Xavier Gomez, « « Mé 67 », la mémoire d'un massacre en Guadeloupe », Libération, 7 May 2015.
  219. ^ dailymotion.com https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8fqmk_parlons-net-recoit-christiane-taubi_news. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  220. ^ Un royaume antillais page 201
  221. ^ "[UGTG.org] Les massacres des 26 & 27 mai 1967 à Pointe à Pitre". ugtg.org.
  222. ^ "Hommage aux victimes de mai 1967 - Pointe-à-Pitre". fr.guadeloupe-tourisme.com (in French).
  223. ^ Cite error: The named reference tahiti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  224. ^ "Mai 1967 : émeutes et massacre à Pointe-à-Pitre du 07 mars 2009 - France Inter". www.franceinter.fr (in French).
  225. ^ "« Lorsque les nègres auront faim, ils reprendront le travail » Guadeloupe, Mai 67, la répression sanglante du 28 avril 2016 - France Inter". www.franceinter.fr (in French).
  226. ^ Anselme, Jean-Pierre. "Guadeloupe, mai 1967, la répression sanglante". Club de Mediapart (in French).
  227. ^ Diable Positif. "Le massacre de mai 1967".
  228. ^ Amétis, Emeline (2017-03-29). "Il y a 50 ans, les manifestations guadeloupéennes s'étaient terminées en massacre". Slate.fr (in French).
  229. ^ Rigouste, Mathieu. "Des massacres oubliés de mai 1967 en Guadeloupe aux prémices de l'ordre sécuritaire moderne dans les quartiers". Basta ! (in French).
  230. ^ "В/ч 3057 (17-й отдельный батальон) Национальной гвардии Украины (Мариуполь)". Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  231. ^ "День рождения ВЧ 3057". Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  232. ^ "Первая победа на востоке Украины. Опыт героической обороны мариупольской в/ч 3057". Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  233. ^ a b "Складний день з історії Маріупольського полку". Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  234. ^ "Маріупольські гвардійці пильнують порядок у місті". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  235. ^ "Друга річниця заснування батальйону спецпризначення «Донбас» Батальйону «Донбас» виповнилось два роки". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  236. ^ "До уваги представників ЗМІ: Підрозділ Нацгвардії «АЗОВ» участі у марші та мітингу під ВР не брав". Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  237. ^ "Біла книга-2015: Національна гвардія України". issuu.com. Національна гвардія України. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  238. ^ "Біла книга-2016: Національна гвардія України". issuu.com. Національна гвардія України. 2017-06-26. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  239. ^ Військова частина 3057 Національна Гвардія України
  240. ^ Zelenskyy, Volodymyr (19 March 2022). "Meaningful talks on peace and security for Ukraine are the only chance for Russia to reduce the damage from its own mistakes". President of Ukraine. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  241. ^ Kagan, Frederick; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Hird, Karolina (16 April 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 16". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  242. ^ "Гвардійці 12 бригади оперативного призначення 68 днів боронять Маріуполь". www.facebook.com (in Ukrainian). Національна гвардія України. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
  243. ^ Військовослужбовці 12 бригади спеціального призначення «Азов»
  244. ^ ""Азов" розширився до бригади у складі Нацгвардії". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  245. ^ "Указ Президента України «Про присвоєння імені Дмитра Вишневецького 18-му полку оперативного призначення Національної гвардії України» від 24.03.2018 No. 83/2018". Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  246. ^ Decree of the President of Ukraine from 27 жовтня 2022 year № 739/2022 «Про відзначення почесною відзнакою «За мужність та відвагу»» (in Ukrainian)
  247. ^ "Історія відбиття штурму військової частини в Маріуполі: перша перемога Нацгвардії". Рубрика. 2019-04-16.
  248. ^ "У Маріупольській бригаді Нацгвардії представили нового командира. 12.05.2021, 11:19". Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.

Sources[edit]

Media publications[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:M_Waleed/sandbox&oldid=1230907657"