Zayin
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Zayin | |
---|---|
Phoenician | zayin |
Hebrew | ז |
Aramaic | zayin |
Syriac | ܙ |
Arabic | ز |
Phonemic representation | z |
Position in alphabet | 7 |
Numerical value | 7 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
Greek | Ζ |
Latin | Z |
Cyrillic | З |
Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Zayin , Hebrew 'Zayin ז, Aramaic Zain , Syriac Zayn ܙ, and Arabic Zayn ز. It represents the sound [z].
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z , Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З.
The Phoenician letter appears to be named after a sword or other weapon. In Biblical Hebrew, zayin (זין) means "sword", and the verb lezayen (לזיין) means "to arm". In modern Hebrew slang, zayin (זין) means "penis" and lezayen (לזין) is a vulgar term which generally means to perform sexual intercourse (similar to "fuck"),[1] although the older meaning survives in maavak mezuyan ("armed struggle") (מאבק מזוין), kohot mezuyanim ("armed forces") (כוחות מזוינים), and beton mezuyan (בטון מזוין) ("armed, i.e., reinforced concrete"). The Proto-Sinaitic glyph may have been called ziqq, based on a hieroglyph depicting a "manacle".[2]
Hebrew zayin
Orthographic variants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various print fonts | Cursive Hebrew | Rashi script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
ז | ז | ז |
In modern Hebrew the frequency of the usage of zayin, out of all the letters, is 0.88%.
Hebrew spelling: זַיִן
In modern Hebrew, the combination Template:Hebrew (zayin followed by a geresh) is used in loanwords and foreign names to denote [ʒ] as in vision.
Significance
In gematria, zayin represents the number seven,[3] and when used at the beginning of Hebrew years it means 7000 (i.e. זתשנד in numbers would be the future date 7754).
Zayin is also one of the seven letters which receive a special crown (called a tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah, besides ʻayin, gimel, teth, nun, shin, and tzadi.
It is one of several Hebrew letters that have an additional meaning as a noun. The others are: bet [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 2nd letter], whose name is a grammatical form of the word for 'house' (בית); vav [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 6th letter], whose name means 'hook' (וו); kaf [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 11th], whose name means 'palm [of the hand]' (כף); ʻayin [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 16th], whose name means 'eye' (עין); pe [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 17th], whose name means 'mouth' (פה); qof [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 19th], whose name means 'monkey' (קוף); shin [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 21st], whose name means 'tooth' (שין); tav [[[:Template:Hebrew]], the 22nd], whose name means 'mark' (תו), and several other Hebrew letters, whose names are ancient Hebrew forms of nouns still used, with a slight change of form or pronunciation, as nouns in modern Hebrew.[4]
Syriac zain
Zain is a consonant with the /z/ sound which is a voiced alveolar fricative.
Arabic zayn
The letter is named zayn/zāy/zāʾ. It has two forms, depending on its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ز | ـز | ـز | ز |
The similarity to rāʼ ر is likely a function of the original Syriac forms converging to a single symbol, requiring that one of them be distinguished as a dot; a similar process occurred to jīm and ḥāʼ.
Persian alphabet |
---|
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی |
Perso-Arabic script |
The same letter has another name – ze – in a number of languages, such as Persian.
Že
It also has a modified version: ژ Persian pronunciation: [ʒe], which is used in Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu and Uyghur (see K̡ona Yezik̡).
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ژ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ |
Character encodings
Preview | ז | ز | ܙ | ࠆ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN | ARABIC LETTER ZAIN | SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN | SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1494 | U+05D6 | 1586 | U+0632 | 1817 | U+0719 | 2054 | U+0806 |
UTF-8 | 215 150 | D7 96 | 216 178 | D8 B2 | 220 153 | DC 99 | 224 160 134 | E0 A0 86 |
Numeric character reference | ז |
ז |
ز |
ز |
ܙ |
ܙ |
ࠆ |
ࠆ |
Preview | 𐎇 | 𐡆 | 𐤆 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER ZETA | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN | PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 66439 | U+10387 | 67654 | U+10846 | 67846 | U+10906 |
UTF-8 | 240 144 142 135 | F0 90 8E 87 | 240 144 161 134 | F0 90 A1 86 | 240 144 164 134 | F0 90 A4 86 |
UTF-16 | 55296 57223 | D800 DF87 | 55298 56390 | D802 DC46 | 55298 56582 | D802 DD06 |
Numeric character reference | 𐎇 |
𐎇 |
𐡆 |
𐡆 |
𐤆 |
𐤆 |
See also
References
- ^ "Definition of זין in Modern Hebrew, Milon Morfix (en)".
- ^ Brian E. Colless, Cuneiform Alphabet
- ^ "Gematria Chart".
- ^ "Milon Morfix (en)".