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Metalcore

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Metalcore
Stylistic originsCrossover thrash[1], hardcore punk, heavy metal, thrash metal, youth crew[2]
Cultural originsLate 1980s, United States
Typical instrumentsElectric guitar, bass guitar, drums (double kick), vocals
Subgenres
Mathcore, melodic metalcore, Nintendocore
Fusion genres
Deathcore
Regional scenes
Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York
Other topics
Breakdown, punk metal, sXe

Metalcore is a fusion genre combining various elements of extreme metal and hardcore punk. The name of it is a portmanteau of the names of the two genres. The term took on its current meaning in the mid-1990s, describing bands such as Earth Crisis, Deadguy and Integrity.[3] The earliest of these groups, Integrity, began performing in 1988; some modern practitioners of the genre include Killswitch Engage, All That Remains, As I Lay Dying and The Devil Wears Prada.[4] Metalcore is distinguished from other punk metal fusions by its emphasis on breakdowns:[5] slower, intense passages conducive to moshing.[6] The genre has had a saturation of bands in the last five years. Sepultura has been credited to "lay the foundation" for the genre.[7]

History

Precursors (1977–1984)

Main article: Hardcore punk

Black Flag[8] and Bad Brains,[9] among the originators of hardcore, admired and emulated Black Sabbath. British street punk groups such as Discharge and The Exploited also took inspiration from heavy metal.[10] The Misfits put out the Earth A.D. album, becoming a crucial influence on thrash.[11] Nonetheless, punk and metal cultures and music remained separate through the first half of the 1980s.

Crossover thrash (1984–1988)

Main article: Crossover thrash

Cross-pollination between metal and hardcore eventually birthed the crossover thrash scene, which gestated at a Berkeley club called Ruthie's, in 1984.[12] The term "metalcore" was originally used to refer to these crossover groups.[13] Hardcore punk groups Corrosion of Conformity,[14] Dirty Rotten Imbeciles and Suicidal Tendencies[15] played alongside thrash metal groups like Metallica and Slayer. This scene influenced the skinhead wing of New York hardcore, which also began in 1984, and included groups such as Cro-Mags, Murphy's Law, Agnostic Front[16] and Warzone.[17] The Cro-Mags were among the most influential of these bands, drawing equally from Bad Brains, Motörhead, and Black Sabbath.[18] Cro-Mags also embraced straight edge and, surprisingly enough, Krishna consciousness.[19] Other New York straight edge groups included Gorilla Biscuits, Crumbsuckers, and Youth of Today,[20] who inaugurated the youth crew style.[21] 1985 saw the development of the hardcore breakdown, an amalgamation of Bad Brains' reggae and metal backgrounds,[6] which encouraged moshing. Agnostic Front's 1986 album Cause for Alarm, a collaboration with Peter Steele, was a watershed in the intertwining of hardcore and metal.[22]

Converge at Neumo's in Seattle, Washington in 2008.

Metallic hardcore (1989–2000)

Between 1989 and 1995, a new wave of hardcore bands emerged.[4] These included Merauder, All Out War,[23] Integrity,[24], Biohazard, Earth Crisis,[24][25] Converge,[25] Shai Hulud,[26][27][28] Starkweather, Judge,[25] Strife,[24] Rorschach,[29] Vision of Disorder,[29] and Hatebreed.[24][29][29] Integrity drew influence primarily from the Japanese hardcore terrorism of GISM and the metal of Slayer, with more subtle elements of Septic Death, Samhain, Motörhead, and Joy Division.[30] And Earth Crisis, Converge, and Hatebreed[31] borrowed from death metal.[32] Shai Hulud's Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion[26][27][28] and Earth Crisis's 1995 album Destroy the Machines was particularly influential.[33] In guitarist Scott Crouse's words,

It was a very mixed reaction. I'm often quoted as saying that Earth Crisis was the first hardcore band with a metal sound. Of course we weren't the first, but I think we definitely took it to another level. We heard a lot of, 'These guys are trying to be Pantera,' which we all took as a great compliment![33]

Biohazard, Coalesce,[34] and Overcast were also important early metalcore groups. These groups are sometimes referred to as "metallic hardcore".[35][36]

Melodic metalcore
Stylistic originsMetalcore, melodic death metal, post-hardcore
Cultural originsLate 1990s, North America and United Kingdom
Typical instrumentsElectric guitar, bass guitar, drums (double kick)
Derivative formsMelodic death metal, youth crew, melodic hardcore
Fusion genres
Deathcore
Regional scenes
Australia - Germany - Massachusetts - Russia
Other topics
Breakdown, punk metal

Melodic metalcore (1995–present)

In the early 1990s, a third wave of metalcore groups appeared, who placed significantly greater emphasis on melody. These bands combined more modern elements of punk and metal and tend to fuse melodic death metal and hardcore punk/post-hardcore, and in some examples the use of emo [37].The first bands to have blended such elements such as Killswitch Engage, All That Remains, Shadows Fall, Unearth, Trivium, Bleeding Through and Atreyu[38][39] emerged and are now the most commercially successful practitioners of metalcore. These groups took major influence, cues, and writing styles from Swedish melodic death metal bands, particularly In Flames, Dark Tranquility and At the Gates.[38][40] Melodic metalcore frequently makes use of clean vocals,[41][42][43] and is significantly less dissonant than other metalcore. Some of these groups, such as Shadows Fall, have voiced an affection for '80s glam metal.[44] Melodic metalcore groups have been described as "embrac[ing] '80s metal clichés", such as "inordinate amounts of smoke machines, rippin' solos, [and] three bass drums".[39]

In the mid-2000s, metalcore emerged as a commercial force, with several independent metal labels, including Century Media and Metal Blade, signing metalcore bands. By 2004, metalcore had become popular enough that Killswitch Engage's The End of Heartache,[45] and Shadows Fall's The War Within[46] debuted at numbers 21 and 20, respectively, on the Billboard album chart. All That Remains' single "Two Weeks" peaked at number nine at the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the U.S. The song peaked on the Modern Rock Tracks chart at number 38. Welsh metalcore band Bullet for My Valentine's second album, Scream Aim Fire, went straight to #4 on the Billboard 200[47], later surpassing this in 2010 with their third album Fever, which debuted at #3. Underoath's fifth album Define the Great Line, released in 2006, peaked at #2 on the Billboard 200 charts, selling 98,000 copies in its first week.[48] The Devil Wears Prada has achieved much commercial success with their most recent album, With Roots Above and Branches Below, peaking at #11 on the Billboard 200 upon its release.[49] Trivium has met with very strong success, making top 25 positions on the charts in several countries, including the USA, and top 10 positions in both Australia and the UK, even making Gold status in the UK. Hatebreed, God Forbid, and As I Lay Dying have also charted.[50][51][52] Underoath's most recent album Lost in the Sound of Separation has reached #8 on the Billboard 200 and has sold 56,000 copies in its first week of sales in the U.S. alone. Killswitch Engage's self-titled fifth album has reached #7 on the Billboard 200.

Characteristics

Vocals

The vocalizing technique in metalcore is generally screamed vocals, particularly common among many 1990s metalcore groups. Today many metalcore bands combine screaming vocals with the usage of clean vocals usually during the bridge or chorus of a song.[41]

Ideologies

Metalcore emerged from the milieu surrounding youth crew hardcore punk subculture, with many of the groups adhering to straight edge beliefs (abstention from drugs and alcohol), although Integrity was a notable exception.[4] Converge was notable for their focus on personal anguish and experiences of failed romantic love.[53][54] Dwid Hellion, frontman of Integrity, advocated the "Holy Terror Church of Final Judgment", an apocalyptic belief system related to Gnosticism and Catharism.[1] Several members of contemporary metalcore bands are practicing Christians, including members of Zao,[55] The Devil Wears Prada, As I Lay Dying,[56] August Burns Red, Texas in July, Demon Hunter, Oh, Sleeper and Underoath.[57][58]

Subgenres

Mathcore

Main article: Mathcore

Mathcore began with the mid-'90s work of Converge[59], Botch[60][61] and The Dillinger Escape Plan[62]. The term mathcore is suggested by analogy with math rock. Mathcore is characterized by speed, technical riffing, and unusual time signatures.[63][64] Bands such as Fear Before,[65] are bands that incorporate metalcore standards along with time signatures and progressive elements.

Deathcore

Main article: Deathcore

Deathcore is an amalgamation of metalcore and death metal.[66] While remaining a subgenre of metalcore, deathcore is heavily influenced by death metal in its speed, heaviness, and approach to chromatic, heavily palm muted riffing, dissonance, and frequent key changes.[citation needed] Deathcore often features breakdowns and melodic riffs.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene". Alternative Press. July 7, 2008. p. 110.
  2. ^ Christopher Pearson, "Beer and Loathing in New Jersey: Earth Crisis in Concert", January 20, 1999 [1] Access date: June 20, 2008
  3. ^ "Shai Hulud, interview with Punknews.org - 05/28/08". Retrieved 2008-09-21. As far as coining the term "metalcore" or coining a sound, I don't think we did. There were bands before Shai Hulud started that my friends and I were referring to as "metalcore". Bands like Burn, Deadguy, Earth Crisis, even Integrity. These bands that were heavier than the average hardcore bands. These bands that were more progressive than the average hardcore band. My friends and I would always refer to them as "metalcore" because it wasn't purely hardcore and it wasn't purely metal. It was like a heavier hardcore band with hardcore ethics and attitude but clearly a metal influence. So we would joke around and say "Hey, it's metalcore. Cool!" But it was definitely a tongue-in-cheek term.
  4. ^ a b c "Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene". Alternative Press. July 7, 2008. pp. 110, 118.
  5. ^ "The best part of every metalcore song is the breakdown, the part where the drums drop out and the guitars slow their frantic gallop to a devastating, precise crunch-riff and everyone in the moshpit goes extra nuts." - Tom Breihan. "Status Ain't Hood". "Live: Trivium, the Jackson 5 of Underground Metal". The Village Voice Daily Voice. October 11, 2006. [2] Access date: July 21, 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Mosh style was slower, very tribal – like a Reggae beat adapted to Hardcore. [...] It was an outbreak of dancing with a mid-tempo beat driven by floor tom and snare." - Howie Abrams, Blush, p. 193
  7. ^ "MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time". MTV. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  8. ^ Blush, American Hardcore, part 2, "Thirsty and Miserable", p. 63, 66
  9. ^ Andersen, Mark and Mark Jenkins (2003). Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital. "Postive Mental Attitude". p. 27. Akashic Books. ISBN 1-888451-44-0
  10. ^ Glasper, Ian (2004). Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984. Cherry Red Books. p. 5. ISBN 1-901447-24-3
  11. ^ Blush, "Hits from Hell", American Hardcore, p. 204
  12. ^ Blush, p. 115
  13. ^ Felix von Havoc, Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198 [3] Access date: June 20, 2008
  14. ^ Blush, p. 193
  15. ^ Christe, Ian: Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003), p. 184
  16. ^ Blush, p. 186
  17. ^ Blush, p. 188
  18. ^ Blush, p. 189
  19. ^ "Cro-Mags were the first band to attract both Skinheads and Metalheads audiences; their music at the point where Hardcore nihilism met Metal power." Blush, p. 189
  20. ^ Blush, p. 194
  21. ^ Alternative Press, July 7, 2008, p. 109
  22. ^ Blush, p. 192
  23. ^ http://www.metal-inside.de/frame.php?url=http://www.metal-inside.de/band.php?id=2829
  24. ^ a b c d "here the term (metalcore) is used in its original context, referencing the likes of Strife, Earth Crisis, and Integrity ...", Ian Glasper, Terrorizer no. 171, June 2008, p. 78
  25. ^ a b c Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223
  26. ^ a b "Kill Your Stereo - Reviews: Shai Hulud - Misanthropy Pure". Shai Hulud, a name that is synonymous (in heavy music circles at least) with intelligent, provocative and most importantly unique metallic hardcore. The band's earliest release is widely credited with influencing an entire generation of musicians
  27. ^ a b "Shai Hulud - Hearts Once Nourished With Hope And Co Review - sputnikmusic". Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion is pretty much the prime in early melodic metalcore. So many bands in both the modern metalcore and hardcore scene have drawn vast influence from them, because of how perfect they blend hardcore and metal.
  28. ^ a b "In At The Deep End Records". Regardless of whether or not you liked Shai Hulud, it is undeniable that Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion was an oft-imitated and highly influential release in the mid-to-late nineties.
  29. ^ a b c d Ross Haenfler, Straight Edge: Clean-living Youth, Hardcore Punk, and Social Change, Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3852-1 p. 87-88
  30. ^ "It was this simple formula that's single-handedly responsible for every band you hear combining heavy metal and hardcore today." "Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene". Alternative Press. July 7, 2008. p. 110.
  31. ^ Hatebreed cites Entombed and Bolt Thrower. Q&A with Jamey Jasta, Miami New Times, May 27, 2008. [4] Access date: June 22, 2008
  32. ^ Karl Buechner of Earth Crisis cites Napalm Death, Bolt Thrower, and Obituary as prime influences. Mudrian also discusses Converge and Bloodlet and their relationship to death metal. See Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223
  33. ^ a b Gabriel Cardenas Salas, "Blasts from the Past," Terrorizer 180, February 2009, p. 96.
  34. ^ The History of Rock Music: 1990-1999
  35. ^ "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SHAI HULUD GUITARIST MATT FOX". Retrieved 2008-10-09. When we used to joke with the term, it was just a clever (or not so clever) way of describing a metallic hardcore, metal-influenced hardcore, or hardcore-influenced metal band.
  36. ^ J. Bennett, "Converge's Jane Doe, Revolver, June 2008
  37. ^ Lee, Cosmo; Voegtlin, Stewart. "Into the void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal - Article - Stylus Magazine". Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  38. ^ a b Allmusic Review, Atreyu, Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses [5] Access date: June 24, 2008
  39. ^ a b "Taste of Chaos", Revolver, June 2008. p. 110.
  40. ^ Metal Injection, August 28, 2007 [6] Access date: June 24, 2008
  41. ^ a b Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses review
  42. ^ Metalrage, 12/30/07 [7] Access date: June 24, 2008
  43. ^ El Paisano, 9/12/07 [8] Access date: June 24, 2008
  44. ^ Dan Epstein, "The Brewtal Truth", Revolver, Nov. 2004, p. 65
  45. ^ The End of Heartache at Billboard.com
  46. ^ [9] at Blabbermouth.net
  47. ^ Scream Aim Fire at Billboard.com
  48. ^ [10] at Billboard.com
  49. ^ [11] at Billboard.com
  50. ^ Supremacy at Billboard.com
  51. ^ Perseverance at Billboard.com
  52. ^ Sacrament at Billboard.com
  53. ^ Interview with My Penis, Revolver, June 2008. p. 114
  54. ^ Ferris, D.X. "The Godfather of Cleveland Hardcore". Cleveland Scene. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  55. ^ Cogdale, Russ (2005-01-28). "Zao's music abrasive yet spiritual" (Interview). Retrieved 2008-07-08. {{cite interview}}: Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
  56. ^ FAQ - As I Lay Dying
  57. ^ Chamberlain, Spencer; Gillespie, Aaron (2006-07-17). "Interview With Underoath" (Interview). Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite interview}}: Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
  58. ^ Style, Justin (2003). "Blessing the Martyrs". Cross Rhythms (76). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  59. ^ "Converge biography". Rockdetector.com. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
  60. ^ Botch - We Are The Romans Review
  61. ^ San Francisco Bay Guardian : Article : The Gap's attack on kids
  62. ^ TV3 > News > Story > Mathcore band the 'Dillinger Escape Plan' visit NZ
  63. ^ Events for this weekend in New York
  64. ^ http://www.thebatt.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticle&ustory_id=57c9a7c1-3b7d-4def-97f1-3783659abe8c
  65. ^ "Fear Before The March Of Flames Bio" The Gauntlet. Retrieved on August 3, 2008.
  66. ^ lambgoat.com "This is deathcore. This is what happens when death metal and hardcore, along with healthy doses of other heavy music styles, are so smoothly blended..."

Bibliography

  • Haenfler, Ross. Straight Edge: Clean-living Youth, Hardcore Punk, and Social Change, Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3852-1
  • Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X
  • Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Zonda Books. ISBN 0-9582684-0-1

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