27 (number)

← 26 27 28 →
← 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal	twenty-seven
Ordinal	27th (twenty-seventh)
Factorization	33
Divisors	1, 3, 9, 27
Roman numeral	XXVII
Binary	110112
Ternary	10003
Quaternary	1234
Quinary	1025
Octal	338
Duodecimal	2312
Hexadecimal	1B16
Vigesimal	1720
Base 36	R36

27 (twenty-seven) is the natural number following 26 and preceding 28.

In mathematics

• Twenty-seven is a perfect cube, being 3³ = 3 × 3 × 3. 27 is also ²3 (see tetration). There are exactly 27 straight lines on a smooth cubic surface, which give a basis of the fundamental representation of the E₆ Lie algebra. 27 is also a decagonal number.

• In base 10, it is the first composite number not evenly divisible by any of its digits.

• It is the radix (base) of the septemvigesimal positional numeral system.

• 27 is the only positive integer that is 3 times the sum of its digits.

• In a prime reciprocal magic square of the multiples of 1/7, the magic constant is 27.

• In the Collatz conjecture (aka the "3n + 1 conjecture") a starting value of 27 requires 112 steps to reach 1, many more than any lower number.

• The unique simple formally real Jordan algebra, the exceptional Jordan algebra of self-adjoint 3 by 3 matrices of quaternions, is 27-dimensional.

• In base 10, it is a Smith number and a Harshad number.

• It is the twenty-eighth (and twenty-ninth) digit in π. (3.141592653589793238462643383279...). If you start counting with 0 it is considered one of few Self-Locating strings in pi.

• 27 contains the decimal digits 2 and 7, and is the result of adding together the integers from 2 to 7 (2+3+4+5+6+7=27)

• There are 27 sporadic groups, if the Tits group is included.

In science

• The atomic number of cobalt.
• The atomic weight of the only stable isotope of aluminum.
• 27 Geological epochs of Earth - Middle Triassic of the Mesozoic

Astronomy

• The Messier object M27, a magnitude 7.5 planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, also known as the Dumbbell Nebula.
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 27, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda
• The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on 1993 March and ended on 713 April. The duration of Saros series 27 was 1280.1 years, and it contained 72 solar eclipses. Further, the Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on 1944 July and ended on 411 January. The duration of Saros series 27 was 1532.5 years, and it contained 86 lunar eclipses.
• The 27th moon of Jupiter is Sinope.
• The planet Uranus has 27 moons

Electronics

• The type 27 vacuum tube (valve), a triode introduced in 1927, was the first tube mass produced for commercial use to incorporate an indirectly heated cathode. This made it the first vacuum tube that could function as a detector in AC-powered radios. Prior to the introduction of the 27, home radios were powered by a set of three or more storage batteries with voltages of 3 volts to 135 volts.

In religion, philosophy and the occult

• The Greek Strongs number G27 is "Agapetos" which means "Beloved", as found in the New Testament of the Bible.
• 27 - the highest level of knowledge in rupaloke (Buddhism).
• 27 - number of grains in some Buddhist rosary (108 divided by 4).
• In almost all Christian traditions today, the New Testament consists of 27 books
• Pythagoras and Plato say that the number 3 in the cubed (i.e. 27) and number 2 in the cubed (i.e., 8) represent the Cosmos.
• In the Kabbalah there are 27 letters, corresponding to 27 channels of communication with God and 27 combinations of the names of God and - 13 overt and 14 covert.
• Some Masonic lodges have the 27th title.
• 27 - number of United Trinity Church, taken 9 times, symbolizing the fullness of the Absolute.
• Mystical root of 27 is the number 9.
• According to Feng Shui, to raise money, keep in the house 27 identical coins.
• In ancient Incan culture there were 27 roads to El Dorado.
• In Nidaros there were 27 archbishops (between 1153 and 1537)

In astrology

• 27 signs of the zodiac in Indian astrology

In politics

• 27 countries are in the European Union
• 27 words are in the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
• 27 executed czech nobleman rebels, decapited 21 June 1621, as one of results of Battle of White Mountain
• 27 amendments are in the United States Constitution

In music

• Many talented and famous rock/blues musicians died at age 27. These include Robert Johnson, Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Ron McKernan, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse. The musicians who died at this age are often referred to as the 27 Club.
• Weird Al Yankovic makes several references to the number 27 in his works.
• Ben Weasel has made reference to the number 27 with both his bands Screeching Weasel and Riverdales. Screeching Weasel released an E.P. entitled Formula 27, while the number 27 appears on the covers of three of Riverdales' albums: Phase Three, Invasion U.S.A. and Tarantula.

In art

Movies:

• Summer, or 27 missing kisses
• Chapter 27-I
• 27 Dresses
• 27 fights
• Order number 27
• Number 27 (written by Michael Palin)

References:

• Three of the cube is zero (science-fiction story)

other

• The Minneapolis-based artist Deuce 7 (a.k.a. Deuce Seven, Twenty Seven, 27).

In sports

• The number of outs in a regulation baseball game for each team at all adult levels, including professional play, is 27.
• In auto racing, 27 and 28 were Ferrari Formula one numbers from 1981 to 1995 except in 1990 when reigning WC Alain Prost had the right to use #1 and drove for the team, Nigel Mansell used #2. Popular driver Gilles Villeneuve used the number on his final days in F1 and later was adopted by his son, Formula One World Champion Jacques Villeneuve, in his NASCAR debut. Jean Alesi, another popular Ferrari driver was the last one ever to use the number back in 1995, also winning the last race with it (as of August 2011), the Canadian GP. Ayrton Senna won his second Formula One World Championship using the mystic number 27 in 1990 in a McLaren Honda, as mentioned, the only time Ferrari didn't use the number during that period. Paul Menard also runs the number 27 in NASCAR as of 2011.
• The jersey number 27 has been retired by several North American sports teams in honor of past playing greats:
  • In Major League Baseball:
    • The Boston Red Sox, for Hall of Famer Carlton Fisk.
    • The Oakland Athletics, for Hall of Famer Catfish Hunter.
    • The San Francisco Giants, for Hall of Famer Juan Marichal.
  • In the NBA:
    • The Cincinnati Royals, for Hall of Famer Jack Twyman. The franchise has continued to honor the number in its later identities—the Kansas City–Omaha Kings, Kansas City Kings, and the current Sacramento Kings.
  • In the NHL:
    • The Phoenix Coyotes, for Teppo Numminen.
    • The Toronto Maple Leafs have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the player honoured either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as "Honoured Numbers", which remain in circulation for future players. The number 27 is currently honoured for Frank Mahovlich and Darryl Sittler.
  • No team in the NFL has retired the number.
• The jersey number 27 has also been retired by the softball program of the University of Arizona for pitching great Jennie Finch.
• The jersey number 27 is currently used by Ray Rice playing for the Baltimore Ravens.
• The modal age of the peak performance year for Major League Baseball position players, according to a commonly accepted theory by sabermetrician Bill James
• In WWE's annual pay-per-view event Royal Rumble, four WWE Superstars had won the 30-man Royal Rumble at #27 more times than any others number, including #1 and #30.
• The number of times the New York Yankees have won the World Series is 27.

In other fields

Twenty-seven is also:

• A-27 - American attack aircraft
• The 27th U.S.A state - Florida
• The total number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet (22 regular letters and 5 final consonants)
• The total number of letters in the Spanish alphabet (5 vowels and 22 consonants)
• The number of Amendments to the United States Constitution (As of May 7, 1992)
• The code for international direct-dial phone calls to South Africa
• The designation (I-27) of a US interstate highway in Texas
• The designation (US 27) of a United States national highway from Fort Wayne, Indiana to Miami, Florida
• The name of a cigarette, Marlboro Blend No. 27
• Alternate name for The Hunt, a book by William Diehl
• The number of the French department Eure
• The number of countries in the European Union (as of August 2011)
• Abbé Faria's prisoner number in the book The Count of Monte Cristo
• The number of species Captain Jean-Luc Picard has made contact with in the series Star Trek: The Next Generation
• One of the anthropomorphic math symbols Lisa Simpson imagines talking to her in The Simpsons episode "Girls Just Want to Have Sums", which, instead of offering the expected pun-based aphorism, rather unhelpfully only says "twenty seven"
• In Stephen King's novel "It", It returns every 27 years to Derry.
• 27 is the number of bones in the human hand.
• 27 is the number of MotoGP worldchampion Casey Stoner.

References

• Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987), p. 106.
• Mystery of the number 27 - Large collection of 27 related trivia and facts.
• Prime Curios! 27 from the Prime Pages
• The 27 Project - collection of 27 sightings in movies, TV, culture and art