China Coast Guard
| China Coast Guard 中国人民武装警察部队海警总队 | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of China Coast Guard | |
 Racing stripe | |
| Common name | China Coast Guard Bureau (中国海警局） |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | July 2013 |
| Employees | 16,296 personnel (2018) |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | China |
| Constituting instrument |
|
| General nature | |
| Specialist jurisdiction |
|
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | 1 Fuxingmen Outer Street, Beijing, China |
| Agency executives |
|
| Parent agency | People's Armed Police |
| Facilities | |
| Boats | 164 cutters Multiple patrol boats (2018) |
| Aircraft | Harbin Z-9 Harbin Y-12 |
| Website | |
| www | |
.svg) |
|---|
State representative
Executive organ Military organ
Supervisory organ |
 China portal |
_cap_insignia.svg){kind=small}
.png){kind=small}
China Coast Guard (CCG; Chinese: 中国人民武装警察部队海警总队) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police of China.[2] It is currently the world's largest coast guard.[3][4]
Function
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2021) |
The CCG is known to perform mostly coastal and oceanic search and rescue or patrols, including anti-smuggling operations. During wartime it may be placed under the operational control of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Roles
Roles of the CCG are diverse but include:
- Patrol of territorial waters and disputed territories
- Anti-smuggling, anti-piracy
- Maritime policing and ship inspections
- Harbor and coastal security
- Research and survey
- Search and Rescue
- Fisheries protection
- Grey-zone operations (often alongside the PLAN and People's Armed Forces Maritime Militia)[5]
Command
After the reform in 2018, CCG consists commands (sub-bureaus) and divisions (local bureaus). The name in the parentheses is for general use.
- People's Armed Police Coast Guard Crops East China Sea Command (China Coast Guard East China Sea Subbureau)
- Jiangsu Division (Jiangsu Coast Guard Bureau)
- Shanghai Division (Shanghai CGB)
- Zhejiang Division (Zhejiang CGB)
- Fujian Division (Fujian CGB)
- 1st Division (1st Direct Breau)
- 2nd Division (2nd DB)
- 1st Wing
- PAPCGC South China Sea Command (CCG South China Sea Subbureau)
- Guangdong Division (Guangdong CGB)
- Guangxi Division (Guangxi CGB)
- Hainan Division (Hainan CGB)
- 3rd Division (3rd DB)
- 4th Division (4th DB)
- 5th Division (5th DB)
- 2nd Wing
- PAPCGC North China Sea Command (CCG North China Sea Subbureau)
- Liaoning Division (Liaoning CGB)
- Tianjin Division (Tianjin CGB)
- Hebei Division (Hebei CGB)
- Shandong Division (Shandong CGB)
- 6th Division (6th DB)
- 3rd Wing
Training
The Chinese Coast Guard conducts periodic joint-training sessions with other navies, including the US Coast Guard service.[6] The Chinese Coast Guard has also participated in the annual North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum in Alaska, along with US, Canadian, Japanese, South Korean, and Russian Coast Guards. As part of an exchange program, members of the Chinese Coast Guard service have been assigned to serve on U.S. Coast Guard cutters.[7]
History
The China Coast Guard was formed in 2013 from the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police Border Security Force and the other maritime law enforcement agencies in China. The unified Coast Guard is commanded by the State Oceanic Administration[8] and has been in operation since July 2013.[9] On July 1, 2018, the China Coast Guard was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the State Oceanic Administration, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission.[10][11]
In June 2018, the China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling.[12]
In 2019, the United States issued a warning to China over aggressive and unsafe action by their Coast Guard and maritime militia.[13]
The Coast Guard Law allows CCG ships to use lethal force on foreign ship that do not obey order to leave Chinese waters.[14] It took effect on February 1, 2021.[14]
Equipment
Vessels
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
Chinese Coast Guard ships are painted white with blue stripe and wording China Coast Guard in English and Chinese.
Typical Coast Guard ships include the 130 ton Type 218 patrol boat (100 boats), armed with twin 14.5mm machine guns, assorted speedboats, and few larger patrol ships. Up until very recently,[when?] the largest ship in Chinese Coast Guard service was the 1,500 ton Type 718 cutter (31101 Pudong).
In March 2007, it was reported that the PLAN had transferred 2 Type 728 cutter (44102, ex-509 Changde; 46103, ex-510 Shaoxing) to the Coast Guard and re-numbered them as 1002 & 1003. At the time these ships were the largest vessels in the China Coast Guard inventory.
In May 2017, it was reported that China had deployed the 12,000 ton China Coast Guard (CCG) 3901 cutter No. 1123 to patrol its claimed islands in the disputed South China Sea.[15][16] The CCG 3901 cutter is the world's biggest coast guard cutter, and is larger than the U.S. Navy's 9,800 ton Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers and its 8,300-9,300 ton Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers.[17] The CCG 3901 cutter is armed with 76mm H/PJ-26 rapid fire naval guns, two auxiliary guns, and two anti-aircraft guns.[additional citation(s) needed]
CCG ships are named "Haijing-XX", where XX is a number.
Personnel
CCG ships are staffed by People’s Armed Police personnel.[18]
See also
- Taiwan Coast Guard
- People's Armed Police
- People's Liberation Army Navy
- China Maritime Safety Administration takes on the navigation safety and control duties, including harbormaster powers in most ports. It was not merged with the new coast guard in 2013.
- China Marine Surveillance Defunct in July 2013. The present China Coast Guard is a unified force that conducts law-enforcement operations in waters administered by China.
- People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia
References
- ^ Deployment arrangement from State Council of the People's Republic of China
- ^ "中华人民共和国海警法 The Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
- ^ Erickson, Andrew S. (26 February 2018). "Numbers Matter: China's Three 'Navies' Each Have the World's Most Ships". The National Interest.
- ^ "China's Three 'Navies' Each Have the World's Most Ships".
- ^ Chan, Eric (2 June 2021). "Escalating Clarity without Fighting: Countering Gray Zone Warfare against Taiwan (Part 2)". globaltaiwan.org. The Global Taiwan Institute. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ^ "Logon Form". Archived from the original on 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
- ^ "RealClearPolitics - Articles - U.S. Coast Guard Has Chinese aboard". www.realclearpolitics.com.
- ^ 关晓萌. "Nation merging maritime patrol forces - Latest News". www.chinadaily.com.cn.
- ^ Defense News
- ^ – Articles – China's coast guard to be under military police Archived 2018-03-22 at the Wayback Machine NHK World, March 22nd 2018
- ^ Tate, Andrew (June 26, 2018). "Control over China Coast Guard to be transferred to CMC". Jane's Information Group.
Legislation passed by the National People's Congress (NPC) on 22 June will implement changes announced in March that the CCG will come under the control of the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF) and, ultimately, the command of China's Central Military Commission (CMC).
- ^ Wei, Changhao (22 June 2018). "NPCSC Defers Vote on E-Commerce Law, Grants Law Enforcement Powers to Military-Controlled Coast Guard". NPC Observer. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri; Hille, Kathrin (28 April 2019). "US warns China on aggressive acts by fishing boats and coast guard". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ a b Tian, Yew Lun (22 January 2021). "China authorises coast guard to fire on foreign vessels if needed". Reuters.
- ^ Ryan Pickrell (2017-05-11). "China Sent A 'Monster' Ship To Roam The South China Sea". The National Interest. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ "南海区2017年度西沙海域海岛保护联合执法行动圆满完成". South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration. 2017-05-04. Archived from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ Charissa Echavez (2017-05-12). "China Deploys World's Biggest Coast Guard Cutter CCG 3901 to Patrol South China Sea". China Topix. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ "China Coast Guard". sinodefence.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
External links
Places adjacent to China Coast Guard | |
|---|---|
| Africa | |
|---|---|
| Asia |
|
| Europe | |
| North America | |
| Oceania | |
| South America | |
| General | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branches |
| ||||||||
| Arms |
| ||||||||
| Structure | |||||||||
| Ranks | |||||||||
| Uniform | |||||||||
| Institutions | |||||||||
| Publications | |||||||||
| Paramilitary | |||||||||
| Contractors | |||||||||
