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==Production==
==Production==
It took two years to finish the set building and the writing on the script before shooting could finally begin. During the shooting, the creation of the appearance of the aged characters was a well-guarded secret, involving state-of-the-art make-up techniques. Michael J. Fox described the process as very time consuming. "It took over four hours, although it could be worse".<ref name="making"/> [[Principal photography]] began on February 20, 1989.<ref name=back/> For a three-week period nearing the conclusion of the film, the crew split and, while most remained shooting ''Part III'', a few, including writer-producer Gale, focused on finishing its predecessor. Zemeckis himself slept only a few hours per day, supervising both films, having to fly between Burbank, where it was being finished, and other locations in California for ''Part III''.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[Robert Zemeckis]], [[Bob Gale]] | chapter =Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 3 | title = ''Back to the Future Part III'' DVD | publisher = Universal Pictures | location = Los Angeles |year=2005}}</ref>
It took two years to finish the set building and the writing on the script before shooting could finally begin. During the shooting, the creation of the appearance of the "aged" characters was a well-guarded secret, involving state-of-the-art make-up techniques. Michael J. Fox described the process as very time consuming. "It took over four hours, although it could be worse".<ref name="making"/> [[Principal photography]] began on February 20, 1989.<ref name=back/> For a three-week period nearing the conclusion of the film, the crew split and, while most remained shooting ''Part III'', a few, including writer-producer Gale, focused on finishing its predecessor. Zemeckis himself slept only a few hours per day, supervising both films, having to fly between Burbank, where it was being finished, and other locations in California for ''Part III''.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[Robert Zemeckis]], [[Bob Gale]] | chapter =Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 3 | title = ''Back to the Future Part III'' DVD | publisher = Universal Pictures | location = Los Angeles |year=2005}}</ref>


The film was considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for [[Industrial Light & Magic]]. It was one of the effects house's first forays into [[digital compositing]], as well as the Vistaglide [[motion control photography|motion control]] camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of its most complex sequences, in which Fox played three separate characters (Marty Sr., Marty Jr., and Marlene), all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Thomas F. Wilson, Christopher Lloyd, and Elisabeth Shue's characters encounter and interact with their counterparts.<ref name=making/> It also includes a brief moment of [[computer-generated imagery]] in a [[hologram|holographic]] shark used to promote a fictional [[Jaws (film)|''Jaws'']] ''19'', which wound up unaltered from the first test done by ILM's digital department because effects supervisor [[Ken Ralston]] "liked the fact that it was all messed up.”<ref name=up>{{cite web|url=http://uproxx.com/movies/2014/11/back-to-the-future-ii-predictions-art-director/2/|title=‘Back To The Future II’s Art Director Tells Us How They Developed The Film’s Somewhat Misguided Predictions|first=Chloe|last=Schildhause|publisher=Uproxx|date=November 25, 2014|accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>
The film was considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for [[Industrial Light & Magic]]. It was one of the effects house's first forays into [[digital compositing]], as well as the Vistaglide [[motion control photography|motion control]] camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of its most complex sequences, in which Fox played three separate characters (Marty Sr., Marty Jr., and Marlene), all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Thomas F. Wilson, Christopher Lloyd, and Elisabeth Shue's characters encounter and interact with their counterparts.<ref name=making/> It also includes a brief moment of [[computer-generated imagery]] in a [[hologram|holographic]] shark used to promote a fictional [[Jaws (film)|''Jaws'']] ''19'', which wound up unaltered from the first test done by ILM's digital department because effects supervisor [[Ken Ralston]] "liked the fact that it was all messed up.”<ref name=up>{{cite web|url=http://uproxx.com/movies/2014/11/back-to-the-future-ii-predictions-art-director/2/|title=‘Back To The Future II’s Art Director Tells Us How They Developed The Film’s Somewhat Misguided Predictions|first=Chloe|last=Schildhause|publisher=Uproxx|date=November 25, 2014|accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:45, 2 November 2015

Back to the Future Part II
Original theatrical poster by Drew Struzan
Directed byRobert Zemeckis
Screenplay byBob Gale
Story by
  • Robert Zemeckis
  • Bob Gale
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyDean Cundey
Edited by
Music byAlan Silvestri
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release date
  • November 22, 1989 (1989-11-22)
Running time
108 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$40 million (shared with Part III)
Box office$332 million

Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film[2] directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future and the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film. After repairing the damage to history done by his previous time travel adventures, Marty McFly (Fox) and his friend Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd) travel to 2015 to prevent McFly's future son from ending up imprisoned. However, their presence allows Biff Tannen (Wilson) to steal Doc's DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955, where he alters history by making his younger self wealthy.

The film was produced on a $40 million budget and was filmed back-to-back with its sequel, Part III. Filming began in February 1989 after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts. Two actors from the first film, Crispin Glover and Claudia Wells, did not return for the final two. While Elisabeth Shue was recast in the role of Wells' character, Jennifer, Glover's character, George McFly, was not only minimized in the plot, but was obscured and recreated with another actor. Glover successfully sued both Zemeckis and producer Bob Gale, changing how producers can deal with the departure and replacement of actors in a role. Back to the Future Part II was also a ground-breaking project for effects studio Industrial Light & Magic (ILM); in addition to digital compositing, ILM used the VistaGlide motion control camera system, which allowed an actor to portray multiple characters simultaneously on-screen without sacrificing camera movement.

Back to the Future Part II was released by Universal Pictures on November 22, 1989. The film grossed over $331 million worldwide, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 1989.

Plot

On October 5, 1985, Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown arrives in his flying time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to come back to the future with him to help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson, Griff.

Marty switches places with Marty Jr. and refuses Griff's offer, but Griff goads Marty into a fight. Griff and his gang are arrested after they crash into the local courthouse, saving Marty's future children. Before rejoining Doc, Marty purchases Grays Sports Almanac, a book detailing the results of major sporting events from 1950 to 2000. Doc discovers it and lectures Marty about attempting to profit from time travel, but before Doc can adequately dispose of it, they are interrupted by the police, who have found Jennifer incapacitated and are taking her to her 2015 home. They pursue, as does Biff, who has overheard their conversation.

Jennifer wakes up in her 2015 home and hides from the McFly family. She overhears that her future self's life with Marty is not what she expected, due to his involvement in an automobile accident. She witnesses Marty's coworker Needles goading him into a shady business deal, which leads to Marty's firing. Attempting to escape the house, Jennifer encounters her 2015 self and they faint. While Marty and Doc attend to her, Biff steals the time machine and uses it to travel back to 1955 and give the almanac to his younger self to get rich betting, then returns to 2015. Marty, Doc, and an unconscious Jennifer return to 1985, unaware of Biff's actions.

The 1985 to which they return has changed dramatically: Biff has become wealthy and corrupt, and has changed Hill Valley into a chaotic dystopia. Marty's father, George, was killed in 1973, and Biff has forced Marty's mother, Lorraine, to marry him. Doc has been committed to an insane asylum.

Doc and Marty find evidence that 2015 Biff used the time machine and deduce that he changed the past. Marty confronts 1985 Biff, who says he received the almanac on November 12, 1955, then reveals that it was he who shot George, as he prepares to kill Marty. Doc arrives and incapacitates Biff, allowing him and Marty to flee to 1955.

Marty secretly follows 1955 Biff and witnesses him receive the almanac from his older self. Marty then follows him to the high school's Enchantment Under the Sea Dance, being careful to avoid interrupting the events from his previous visit. Eventually, Biff leaves with the almanac with Doc and Marty in pursuit. In a roadway pursuit, Marty takes the almanac from Biff, who crashes into a manure truck as Doc and Marty fly away in the time machine.

With Doc hovering above in the time machine as a thunderstorm approaches, Marty burns the almanac on the ground and undoes Biff's damage to history. Before they can go back to the future, however, the time machine is struck by lightning and disappears. Suddenly, a courier from Western Union arrives and hands Marty a 70-year-old letter from Doc stating that he was sent back to 1885 by the lightning strike. Marty races back into town to find the 1955 Doc who, seconds earlier, has just helped the original Marty from his first time-travel incident go back to 1985. Doc is shocked by Marty's sudden reappearance and faints.

Cast

Elijah Wood, eight years old at the time of filming, makes his first film appearance as one of the boys watching Marty playing a video game in 2015.[3]

Development

Director Robert Zemeckis said that, initially, a sequel was not planned for the first film, but its huge box office success led to the conception of a second installment. He later agreed to do a sequel, but only if Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd returned as well. With Fox and Lloyd confirmed, Zemeckis met with screenwriting partner Bob Gale to create a story for the sequel. Zemeckis and Gale would later regret that they ended the first one with Jennifer in the car with Marty and Doc Brown, because it required them to come up with a story that fit her in, rather than a whole new adventure.[4]

Gale wrote most of the first draft by himself, as Zemeckis was busy making Who Framed Roger Rabbit. At first, the film was to take place in 1967, but Zemeckis later stated that the time paradoxes of it provided a good opportunity to go back to 1955 and see the first one's events in a different light. While most of the original cast agreed to return, a major stumbling block arose when negotiating Crispin Glover's fee for reprising the role of George McFly. When it became clear that he would not be returning, the role was rewritten so that George is dead when the action takes place in the alternative version of 1985.[4]

The greatest challenge was the creation of the futuristic vision of Marty's home town in 2015. Production designer Rick Carter wanted to create a very detailed image with a different tone from the film Blade Runner, wishing to get past the smoke and chrome. Carter and his most talented men spent months plotting, planning and preparing Hill Valley's transformation into a city of the future.[5] Visual effects art director John Bell stated they had no script to work with, only the indications that the setting would be 30 years into the future featuring "something called hoverboards".[6]

When writing the script for the film, Gale wanted to push the first one's ideas further for humorous effect. Zemeckis said he was somewhat concerned about portraying the future because of the risk of making wildly inaccurate predictions. According to Gale, they tried to make the future a nice place, "where what's wrong is due to who lives in the future as opposed to the technology" in contrast to the pessimistic, Orwellian future seen in most science fiction.[4] To keep production costs low and take advantage of an extended break Fox had from Family Ties (which was ending its run when filming began), it was shot back-to-back with sequel Part III.[7]

Production

It took two years to finish the set building and the writing on the script before shooting could finally begin. During the shooting, the creation of the appearance of the "aged" characters was a well-guarded secret, involving state-of-the-art make-up techniques. Michael J. Fox described the process as very time consuming. "It took over four hours, although it could be worse".[4] Principal photography began on February 20, 1989.[7] For a three-week period nearing the conclusion of the film, the crew split and, while most remained shooting Part III, a few, including writer-producer Gale, focused on finishing its predecessor. Zemeckis himself slept only a few hours per day, supervising both films, having to fly between Burbank, where it was being finished, and other locations in California for Part III.[8]

The film was considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for Industrial Light & Magic. It was one of the effects house's first forays into digital compositing, as well as the Vistaglide motion control camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of its most complex sequences, in which Fox played three separate characters (Marty Sr., Marty Jr., and Marlene), all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Thomas F. Wilson, Christopher Lloyd, and Elisabeth Shue's characters encounter and interact with their counterparts.[4] It also includes a brief moment of computer-generated imagery in a holographic shark used to promote a fictional Jaws 19, which wound up unaltered from the first test done by ILM's digital department because effects supervisor Ken Ralston "liked the fact that it was all messed up.”[6]

As the film neared release, sufficient footage of Part III had been shot to allow a trailer to be assembled. It was added at the conclusion of Part II, before the closing credits, as a reassurance to moviegoers that there was more to follow.[9]

Replacement of Crispin Glover

Crispin Glover was asked to reprise the role of George McFly. He expressed interest, but could not come to an agreement with the producers regarding his salary. He later stated in a 1992 interview on The Howard Stern Show that the producers' highest offer was $125,000, which was less than half of what the other returning cast members were offered. Gale has since asserted that Glover's demands were excessive for an actor of his professional stature at that point in time.[9] Later, in an interview on the Opie and Anthony show in 2013, he stated that the primary reason was a philosophical (and ethical) disagreement on the overall moral that the film was conveying.[10]

Rather than writing George McFly out of the film, Zemeckis used previously filmed footage of Glover from the first film as well as new footage of actor Jeffrey Weissman, who wore prosthetics including a false chin, nose, and cheekbones. Various techniques were used to obfuscate Weissman's appearance, such as placing him in the background rather than the foreground, having him wear sunglasses, and even hanging him upside down. Glover filed a lawsuit against the producers of the film on the grounds that they neither owned his likeness nor had permission to use it. As a result of this suit, there are now clauses in the Screen Actors Guild collective bargaining agreements which state that producers and actors are not allowed to use such methods to reproduce the likeness of other actors.[11]

Replacement of Claudia Wells

Claudia Wells' scene at the end of Back to the Future (top) was reshot with Elisabeth Shue for the beginning of Part II (bottom).

Claudia Wells, who had played Marty McFly's girlfriend Jennifer Parker in the first film, was to reprise her role, but turned it down due to her mother's ill health. The producers cast Elisabeth Shue instead, which involved re-shooting the closing scenes of the first film for the beginning of Part II. The re-shot sequence is a near shot-for-shot match with the original, with only minor differences: for example, Doc noticeably hesitates before reassuring Marty that his future self is fine – something he did not do in the first film. Also, Marty is wearing a watch in the second film, but he was not in the first.[12][13]

Wells returned to Hollywood with a starring role in the 1996 independent film Still Waters Burn. She is one of the few cast members not to make an appearance within the bonus material on the Back to the Future Trilogy DVD set released in 2002. However, she is interviewed for the Tales from the Future documentaries in the trilogy's 25th anniversary issue on Blu-ray Disc in 2010. In 2011, she finally had the opportunity to reprise her role from the first film, 26 years after her last appearance in the series. She provided the voice of Jennifer Parker for Back to the Future: The Game by Telltale Games.[14]

Hoverboard hoax

Zemeckis said on the film's behind-the-scenes featurette that the hoverboards (flying skateboards) used in it were real, yet not released to the public, due to parental complaints regarding safety.[5] Footage of "real hoverboards" was also featured in the extras of a DVD release of the trilogy. A number of people thought Zemeckis was telling the truth and requested them at toy stores. In an interview, Thomas F. Wilson said one of the most frequent questions he was asked was if they are real.[15]

Depiction of the future

According to Zemeckis, the 2015 depicted in the film was not meant to be an accurate depiction of the future. "For me, filming the future scenes of the movie were the least enjoyable of making the whole trilogy, because I don't really like films that try and predict the future. The only one I've actually enjoyed were the ones done by Stanley Kubrick, and not even he predicted the PC when he made A Clockwork Orange. So, rather than trying to make a scientifically sound prediction that we were probably going to get wrong anyway, we figured, let's just make it funny." Despite this, the filmmakers did do some research into what scientists thought may occur in the year 2015.[16] Bob Gale said, "We knew we weren't going to have flying cars by the year 2015, but God we had to have those in our movie."[17]

However, the film did correctly predict a number of technological and sociological changes that occurred by 2015, including: the rise of ubiquitous cameras; unmanned drones for mundane tasks; flat panel, widescreen television sets mounted on walls with multiple channel viewing; video chat systems; hands-free video game systems; talking hologram billboards; wearable technology; and head-mounted displays.[18][19] Payment on personal portable devices is also predicted with products like iZettle, however the real product are in need of a smartphone (or similar) and apps. Although payment by thumbprint is not widely used, fingerprint scanning is in use as security at places such as airports and schools, where it is also used to authorize payments for meals.[19] Cars and other vehicles have been able to be run using fuel generated from food wastes, though not through a fusion reactor as suggested in the film.[20] The popularity of 3-D film in the 2010s was also somewhat accurately predicted, although overlaid polarized imagery remains the standard format (as it has been since the 1950s, since updated in modern times to digital) and holography is still not in use for major films.[21]

Other aspects of the depiction of the future had not come to pass by 2015, but efforts were made to replicate the technology advances.

  • The film shows Marty putting on Nike tennis shoes with automatic shoelaces. Nike released a version of their Hyperdunk Supreme shoes, which appear similar to Marty's, in July 2008. Fans dubbed them the Air McFly.[22] In April 2009, they filed the patent for self-lacing shoes, and their design bears a resemblance to those worn by Marty in the film.[23] In 2010, a fan named Blake Bevin created shoes that tie themselves.[24] In September 2011, Nike revealed that their MAG line of shoes would not feature the self-lacing feature shown in it.[25][26] Tinker Hatfield, one of the shoe's designers, indicated in 2014 that they would introduce shoes with power-lacing technology the following year, 2015.[27]
  • The concept of the hoverboard—a skateboard that can float off the ground—has been explored by various groups since the release of the film. Attempts similar to hoverboats, which blast air at the ground, have been demonstrated,[28] with a 2015 record distance of 275 meters.[29] A different type is the MagBoard, developed by researchers at the Paris Diderot University. It uses a large superconductor plate on the bottom cooled with liquid nitrogen as to achieve the Meissner effect and allow it to float over a special track; it was shown capable of carrying the weight of a human in its practical demonstration. However, the requirement to run the superconductor at higher, more ambient temperatures prevents this from becoming practical.[30][31] In March 2014, a company named HUVr Tech purportedly demonstrated a working hoverboard along with several celebrities including Lloyd, though this shortly was revealed as a hoax created by the website Funny or Die.[32]

In the 2015 scene, the film imagines the Chicago Cubs winning the 2015 World Series against the Miami-based Gators, referencing the Cubs' longstanding failure to win a championship; when the film was made Florida had yet to have a Major League Baseball team.[33] The state of Florida has since gained two franchises: the Florida Marlins (now the Miami Marlins) in 1993 and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now the Tampa Bay Rays) in 1998. In the actual 2015 season, neither Florida-based team qualified for the postseason but the Cubs did, their first postseason appearance since 2008.[34] Coincidentally, the Cubs exited the postseason race after losing Game 4 of the National League Championship Series (Major League Baseball has expanded the postseason twice since the film's release) to the New York Mets on October 21, 2015, the same day as Back to the Future Day.[35]

Release and reception

Box office

The film was released to theaters in North America on Wednesday, November 22, 1989, the day before Thanksgiving. It grossed a total of $27.8 million over Friday to Sunday, and $43 million across the five-day holiday opening. On the following weekend, it had a drop of 56 percent, earning $12.1 million, but remained at #1.[36] Its total gross was $118.5 million in the United States and $213 million overseas, for a total of $332 million worldwide, ranking as 1989's sixth-most successful film domestically and the third-most worldwide—behind Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Batman.[37] However, this was still short of the first film's gross. Part III, which Universal released only six months later, experienced a similar drop.

Critical response

The film received a 64% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 58 reviews with an average rating of 6.1/10, with the critical consensus reading, "Back to the Future II is far more uneven than its predecessor, but its madcap highs outweigh the occasionally cluttered machinations of an overstuffed plot".[38] The film has a score of 57 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[39]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars. Ebert criticized it for lacking the "genuine power of the original," but praised it for its slapstick humor and the hoverboard in its chase sequence.[40] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the film is "ready for bigger and better things." Maslin later said that it "manages to be giddily and merrily mind-boggling, rather than confusing."[41]

Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader gave the film a negative review, criticizing Zemeckis and Gale for turning the characters into "strident geeks and make the frenetic action strictly formulaic." He believed that it contained "rampant misogyny," because the character of Jennifer Parker "is knocked unconscious early on so she won't interfere with the little-boy games." He cited, as well, Michael J. Fox dressing in drag.[42] Variety said, "[Director Robert] Zemeckis' fascination with having characters interact at different ages of their lives hurts it visually, and strains credibility past the breaking point, by forcing him to rely on some very cheesy makeup designs."[43]

Accolades

The film won the Saturn Award for Best Special Effects (for Ken Ralston, the special effects supervisor), the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects (Ken Ralston, Michael Lantieri, John Bell and Steve Gawley),[44] an Internet-voted 2003 AOL Movies DVD Premiere Award for the trilogy DVDs, a Golden Screen Award, a Young Artist Award, and the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie Actor (Michael J. Fox), and Favorite Movie Actress (Lea Thompson) at the 1990 Kids' Choice Awards. It was nominated in 1990 for an Academy Award for Visual Effects (John Bell, Steve Gawley, Michael Lantieri and Ken Ralston).[45]

Most visual effects nominations were due to the development of a new computer-controlled camera system, called VistaGlide, which was invented specifically for the film – it enables one actor to play two or even three characters in the same scene while the boundary between the sections of the split screen and the camera itself can be moving.

The film ranks 498 on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[46]

Home media

The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc on May 22, 1990. Universal reissued it on VHS, LaserDisc, and compact disc in 1991, 1995, and 1998. On December 17, 2002, Universal released it on DVD in a boxed trilogy set, although widescreen framing problems led to a product recall.[47] The trilogy was released on Blu-ray Disc in October 2010.

Universal re-released the trilogy alongside new features on DVD and Blu-ray on October 21, 2015, coinciding with Back to the Future Day. The new set included a featurette called "Doc Brown Saves the World", where Lloyd, reprising his role as Doc Brown, explains the reasons for the differences between the future of 2015 as depicted in Back to the Future Part II and in real life.[48]

Soundtrack

The soundtrack was released by MCA Records on November 22, 1989. AllMusic rated it four-and-a-half stars out of five.[49]

Unlike the previous soundtrack, it contains only a musical score by composer Alan Silvestri. None of the vocal songs featured throughout the film are featured.

Back to the Future Part II [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
No.TitleLength
1."Main Titles" (Variation of "Back to the Future")2:21
2."The Future (Hill Valley, 2015)"5:23
3."Hoverboard Chase" (Variation of "Skateboard Chase" and "Back to the Future")2:49
4."A Flying DeLorean?"4:31
5."My Father?!"2:04
6."Alternate 1985"3:05
7."If They Ever Did" (Quotes "Back to the Future")3:58
8."Pair O' Docs"1:27
9."The Book"4:50
10."Tunnel Chase" (Contains variations of "Skateboard Chase", "Hoverboard Chase", and "Back to the Future")5:21
11."Burn the Book" (Variation of "The Clocktower")2:26
12."Western Union" (Rearrangement of "'85 Twin Pines Mall" and "The Clocktower")1:52
13."End Titles" (Rearranges "Main Titles", "Burn the Book", "Tunnel Chase", and "Back to the Future")4:38
Total length:44:46

Songs in the film not included on the soundtrack album:[50]

Back to the Future Day

A cosplayer at a "Back to the Future Day" screening in Boise, Idaho
The White House celebrated Back to the Future Day.

October 21, 2015, the date used for the setting of the future events during the first act of the film, has been called "Back to the Future Day" by the media.[51][52][53][54][55] The year 2015 also commemorated the 30th anniversary of the release of the original film.

Many promotions were planned to mark the passing of the date, with many playing to the depiction of the future in the film, including:

  • Universal Pictures created a trailer for Jaws 19, the fictional 3D film advertised in the future setting.[56]
  • Universal and Mattel produced an advertisement for the hoverboard seen in the film.[57]
  • Pepsi produced a limited run of the "Pepsi Perfect" soft drink, including the unique bottles, which sold out before October 21, 2015.[58]
  • The Ford Motor Company allowed users configuring a Ford Focus on their website to add a Flux Capacitor as a $1.2 million option.[59]
  • Nintendo released the game Wild Gunman, which Marty is seen playing in the Cafe '80s scene, on the Wii U's Virtual Console service.[60]
  • The October 22, 2015 edition of USA Today used a mock-front page which was a recreation of the one seen in the film on that date. The back of the mock page contains an advertisement for Jaws 19, as well as ads for the 30th anniversary Back To the Future box set and The Michael J. Fox Foundation. On the real front page, the USA Today blue dot is replaced with a drone camera like the one seen in the film.[61] The print edition of this edition sold out in record time, according to USA Today.[62]
  • Nike revealed that they had recreated the Nike Mag shoes that Michael J. Fox wears in the film, complete with self-lacing power laces (a 2011 design was based on the same shoes, but lacked the power laces).[63] Although the laces operated more slowly than those seen in the film, they were nonetheless shown to work as intended in an eight-second video featuring Fox wearing the shoes.[63] Pairs of the shoes will be sold via auction in 2016 to benefit The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.[63]
  • Toyota and Universal Pictures celebrated the 30th anniversary of the film series with a Toyota Tacoma Concept that was inspired by the original 1985 pickup that Toyota created for the 1985 film. The 2016 Tacoma 4WD was recreated using the same features and black color paint trim, KC HiLite driving lamps (modified with LED lighting), modified headlights and taillights (matching the 1985 version), the Toyota badging to the truck's tailgate, as well as the same D-4S fuel injection, the 1985-inspired mudflaps, and customized license plates matching the 2015 vehicles in Part II. The only difference between the 1985 original and the 2016 concept is the tires: Goodyear was featured in the 1985 film, while BF Goodrich is used on the concept. Toyota notes that this is a one-off concept as there are no plans to offer it as a package or level trim.[64] Toyota also produced a promotional video staring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd and featuring many of the locations depicted in the film series, wherein the Delorean's Mr. Fusion is used as a comparison for Toyota's hydrogen powered Mirai.[65]
  • Universal re-released all three films on Blu-ray disc on October 21, 2015.[66]
  • Telltale Games re-released their licensed Back to the Future: The Game in a 30th Anniversary edition for newer consoles a week in advance of October 21.[67] Several video games released downloadable content related to Back to the Future to coincide with October 21, 2015, including Rocket League and LittleBigPlanet 3.[68][69]

Cast members appeared on Today and Jimmy Kimmel Live! on October 21, 2015.[70][71] Nearly 2,000 theaters worldwide showed back-to-back screenings of the Back to the Future trilogy on October 21 and continuing through that weekend, which earned over $4.8M in single day ticket sales.[72] Universal studios offered location tours of the various filming locations around the date.[73][74] The town of Reston, Virginia, temporarily changed its name to "Hill Valley" to commemorate the series during its annual film festival.[51][75]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Back To The Future Part II (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. November 22, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  2. ^ "Back to the Future Part II". CBS Interactive Inc.
  3. ^ Elijah Wood In 'Back To The Future Part II' At Eight Years Old, The Huffington Post, May 26, 2011
  4. ^ a b c d e Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale (2005). "Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 2". Back to the Future Part II (DVD). Los Angeles: Universal Pictures.
  5. ^ a b Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale (2005). Back to the Future Part II: Featurette (DVD). Los Angeles: Universal Pictures.
  6. ^ a b Schildhause, Chloe (November 25, 2014). "'Back To The Future II's Art Director Tells Us How They Developed The Film's Somewhat Misguided Predictions". Uproxx. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  7. ^ a b Weinstein, Steve (February 4, 1989). "Back-to-Back Sequels for 'Back to Future'". Los Angeles Times.
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