Tarn taran city

Tarn taran city ਤਰਨ ਤਾਰਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ Tarn Taran Sahib
city
Population  (2001)
• Total	130,587
Website	http://www.tarntaran.punjabtourism.in/

Tarn Taran Sahib (Punjabi: ਤਰਨ ਤਾਰਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ, Hindi: तरन तारन साहिब)a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the district headquarters and hosts the municipal council of Taran Taran district.

History

Early history

Tarn Taran Sahib was founded by the fifth Sikh Guru Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563-1606). He laid the foundation of Sri Tarn Taran Sahib Temple Tarn Taran is an important centre of Sikh pilgrimage 24 km south of Amritsar, which was founded by Guru Arjan in 1596. Six years earlier, on 13 April 1590, he had inaugurated the conversion of a natural pond lying along the Delhi Lahore highway into a rectangular tank. Full scale digging operations commenced on the last day of the dark half of the month, Bhadon, falling on 19 August 1590. With the completion of digging, on Chet vaA'Amavas 1653 Bk/19 March 1596, the construction of the main shrine, the Darbar Sahib, and ancillary buildings began. Meanwhile, a local official, Nur udDin, ordered, under imperial authority, the construction of a new caravan serai (way station/inn) along the royal highway. He confiscated all the bricks (as well as, the kilns in which they were burnt) which were intended for the holy shrine at Tarn Taran. He deputed his son, Amir udDin, to have the bricks carried to the serai site where, besides the inn, a complete village named Nur Din sprang up. This was about 6 km to the northwest of the Guru's tank.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh's and Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh's Contributions

Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh of the Sikh Empire

Maharaja Ranjit Singh had the steps on the two sides of the sarovar, left unfinished by Budh Singh and Jassa Singh, completed and its circumambulatory passage paved. The Darbar Sahib was also reconstructed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his grandson Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh, donated large quantities of gold to have the exterior plated with the metal, but the work made little progress in the troubled times that followed Ranjit Singh's death. It was in the last quarter of the nineteenth century that part of the exterior was covered with goldleaf by Sant Sham Singh, of Amritsar. Only one of the four towers planned by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh for the four corners of the tank was erected during this time. Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh's orders, the town of Tarn Taran was enclosed by a wall. A few other shrines such as the Mahji Sahib, the Akal Bunga and the Guru ka Khuh were developed and several bungas added.

British Raj

A religious gathering was held at Akal Takht, Amritsar on 15th-16th November 1920 A.D. In this a committee of one hundred and seventy-five members was formed which was named Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. This was a religious organisation with the aim of reform in Gurdwara management and uplift of the religious moral and cultural level of the Sikhs. As such, the committee was taking the management of the Gurdwaras in their hands.

The committee of the Sikhs wsa in control of managment of Sri Darbar Sahib, Amritsar since the 13th October 1920 A.D. The managment of Gurdwara, Taran Tarn fell under Sri Darbar sahib but the priests had become self-willed being far away from Amritsar. They divided the ihncome of the Gurdwara among themselves. Many of the priests had become extreme alcoholics and drug addicts. They used to say openly, "Gurdwara is our shop. One may come if he wishes and anybody who does not like may not come." In the full congregation at Akal Takht on the 24th January, 1921 A.D., a lady said, "The priests of Gurudwara Tarn Taran threw my son into the pool after tieing a stone round his neck and teased and molested my daughter inside the Gurdwara." Hearing this, the Committee decided to take the management of Gurudwara, Tarn Taran into their hands.

On the 25th January, 1921 A.D., Bhai Teja Singh Bhuchar with a Squad of forty Singhs reached Gurudwara Tarn Taran at 8 A.M after reciting Guru's word for two hours in Gurudwara, the squad told the priests the purpose of committee. A meeting took place between the Singhs of the squad and the priests at 4 P.M, when another Squad led by Kartar Singh Jhabbar also reached there. In this meeting Singhs placed five conditions before the priests. At 8.30 P.m., a priest came and informed the squadm, "All priests are ready to accept the conditions of committee. Let some prominent persons of the squad come inside the Gurdwara and get their signatures on them."

Bhai Sharan Singh and some other Singhs went inside Darbar Sahib (court hall). Brickbats started raining on the Singhs sitting in the congregation from an adjoining house. Intoxicated priests attacked the Singhs who had gone inside with choppers and clubs. The Singhs remained calm. The priests put out the lamps inside the Gurdwara and put curtains on the doors so that the happenings inside may not be seen from outside. Out of the Singhs who had gone inside, seventeen were injured. Bhai Hazara Singh of Aladinpur, district Amritsar and Bhai Hukum Singh of Wasaoo Kot, district Gurdaspur attained martyrdom. They were the first martyrs of the Gurdwara Reform movement. On arrival of more squads on 26th January, the priests handed over the management of the Gurudwara to the Prabhandak Committee.

Independent India

In 1947, the year of the Partition of India, Tarn Taran was the only tehsil (district) in Punjab with a majority Sikh population. The city was a center of the Sikh insurgency during the 1980s and early 1990s. Tarn Taran Sahib was suggested as the capital of Khalistan, the proposed Sikh independent nation.

Tarn Taran district was formed in 2006. The declaration to this effect was made by Captain Amarinder Singh, Ex-Chief Minister of Punjab, during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. With this, it became the 19th district of Punjab.

Indo-Pak war 1965

Khemkaran sector

The tank battles of 1965 form part of military history as the most intense armored battles between the end of World War II and the 1991 Gulf War. Close to a thousand tanks, on both sides, took part in the pitched battles and offensives. At the start of the war, Indian strength was limited to one armored division and one independent armored brigade, along with six armored regiments supporting infantry divisions. Pakistan had two armored divisions, with the then very modern M-48 Patton tanks. India had an equivalent tank in the Centurion, but their strength was limited to only four armored.

97 tanks captured at Assal Uttar

The Indian Army managed to capture 97 Pakistani Tanks as a result of the botched assault by the 1 Armoured Division of the Pakistan Army at the Battle of Assal Uttar on 10 September 1965.[3] Six Pakistani Armoured Regiments took part in the battle, namely the 19 Lancers (Patton), 12 Cavalry (Chafee), 24 Cavalry (Patton) 4 Cavalry (Patton), 5 Horse (Patton) and 6 Lancers (Patton). The Indian forces in the field that day consisted of three Armoured regiments with inferior tanks, the Deccan Horse (Shermans), 3 Cavalry (Centurion) and the 8 Cavalry (AMX-13). The battle was so fierce and intense that at the end of the war, the Fourth Indian Division a.k.a. "The Fighting Fourth" had captured about 97 tanks in destroyed/damaged or intact condition. This included 72 Patton tanks and 25 Chafees and Shermans. 32 of the 97 tanks, including 28 Pattons, were in running condition. The Indian forces lost 32 tanks. Fifteen of them were captured by the Pakistan Army, mostly Sherman tanks.

Patton Nagar

Near the Bhikhiwind village in the Khemkaran area, a strip of land was called Patton Nagar for a short while in 1965.[3] It was here that more than 60 tanks of the Pakistani army were displayed at the end of the September India-Pakistan conflict. The Pakistan Army tanks were captured at the Battle of Asal Uttar by India's 4 Mountain Division and it became a memorial to the Pakistani tanks being bogged down in the marshes during the 1965 War. The tanks were displayed for some time after which they were shipped to various cantonments and army establishments for display as war trophies.

Hub of Sikh culture

Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India.

The city has many historical Gurudwaras which include Darbar Sahib Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh (Gurdwara of the Guru's Well), Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh, Gurdwara Takkar Sahib, Gurdwara Lakeer Sahib, Gurrudwara Baba Garja Singh Baba Bota Singh, Gurdwara Jhulna Mahal, and Thatti Khara. With so many Gurwaras of historic importance, the Majha belt has long been a Sikh centre of pilgrimage and tourism.

The main religious hub at Tarn Taran Sahib is Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, built by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran has the largest Sarovar (holy tank) in the world.

Gurdwara Darbar Sahib (Tarn Taran) is an elegant three storeyed structure at the southeastern corner of the sarovar. Approached through a double - storeyed arched gateway, it stands in the middle of a marble - floored platform. The upper portion of the edifice is covered with glittering gold plated sheets. The lotus dome, damaged in an earthquake (4 April 1905) and subsequently reconstructed has an ornamental gold pinnacle with an umbrella shaped gold finial. Exquisitely executed stucco work in intricate designs, inset with reflecting glass pieces, decorate the interior walls and the ceiling. The Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a platform under an elongated dome covered with goldplated metal sheets. This throne was an offering from Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh. A relay recital of Kirtan goes on from early morning till late in the evening.

Har Ki Pauri A flight of marbled steps behind the Darbar Sahib descending into the sacred pool, marks the spot where, according to tradition, Guru Arjan made the first cut as the digging started in 1590. Pilgrims go down these steps to take Charanamrit or palmsful of holy water to sip.

The Sarovar One of the largest of the Sikh holy tanks, it is an approximate rectangle in shape. Its northern and southern sides are 289 metres and 283 metres, respectively, and eastern and western sides 230 metres and 233 metres, respectively. The sarovar was originally fed by rain water that flowed in from the surrounding lands. In 1833, Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jmd had a water channel dug, connecting the tank with the Lower Kasur Branch of the Upper Ban Doab Canal at Rasulpur watermills, 5 km to the southeast. The channel was cemented and covered in 192728 by Sant Gurmukh Singh and Sant Sadhu Singh. They also supervised karseva , i.e. complete desilting of the tank through voluntary service, in 1931. The operation was repeated in 1970 under Sant Jivan Singh. Most of the bungas around the sarovar have now been demolished and a verandah constructed instead along the periphery. The name Tarn Taran, since appropriated by the town itself, originally belonged to the sarovar, so called by Guru Arjan. Literally it means, "the boat that takes one across (the ocean of existence)". (Tarana in Sanskrit is a raft or a boat). According to Sikh tradition, the water of the old pond was found to possess medicinal properties, especially efficacious for curing leprosy. For this reason the sarovar was known as Dukh Nivaran, the eradicator of affliction. AKAL BUNGA, a four storeyed building near the Nishan Sahib (Sikh flagpole), was constructed in 1841 by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh. Maharaja Sher Singh provided the finishing touches. The Guru Granth Sahib, 'after a procession around the sarovar amid ^ chanting of hymns in the late evening, is, brought here for the night's rest. MANJi SAHIB, a small domed shrine in the eastern part of the circumambulatory pavement, marks the spot from where Guru Arjan supervised the excavation of the sarovar. A divan hall, a vast pavilion of reinforced concrete, has now been raised close to it.

The Tower The only completed column of the four planned by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh for the beautification of the sarovar at Tarn Taran, stands at the northeastern corner. The three storeyed tower, 34 metres high, was erected during the Kanvar's lifetime. The dome on top of it was added later.

Gurudwara Lakeer Sahib is situated at the place where a line on the ground was marked by Baba Deep Singh Ji before entering into war against the Mughal Empire in 1757. Gurudwara Bibi Bhani da Khuh, situated near Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, is named after Bibi Bhani Ji. She was the daughter of Guru Amar Das, the wife of Guru Ram Das, and the mother of Guru Arjan Dev Ji. This religio-historic khuh (well) was dug by Guru Arjan Dev Ji in memory of his mother at the place where she used to serve food, water, and medicine to the needy and visiting pilgrims. Locals preserved the place with the help of Dera Kar Sewa Tarn Taran, and constructed a Gurudwara.

Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh is also situated in Tarn Taran City. This well belonged to Guru Arjan Dev Ji, and a historic Gurdwara has been built at this place.

Other Gurdwaras in the District of Tarn Taran are at Goindwal Sahib, namely Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, at Khadoor Sahib, at Baba Buddha Sahib (Bir Sāhib) and those at Amritsar. Goindwal Sahib Goindwal Sahib, situated along the River Beas, is 23 kilometres from Tarn Taran Sahib. It is an important center of Sikhism, as Guru Arjan Dev ji was born there.

Geography and climate

Tarn Taran
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     28     19 4     22     22 7     29     27 11     12     34 17     14     39 21     58     40 25     186     35 26     184     34 25     102     35 23     25     32 16     6.2     27 9     15     21 5 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: IMD
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1.1     67 39     0.9     72 44     1.1     81 52     0.5     93 62     0.6     102 70     2.3     104 77     7.3     96 78     7.2     94 78     4     94 73     1     90 61     0.2     80 48     0.6     70 40 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Tarn Taran is located at 31.44°N 74.92°E / 31.44; 74.92

Tarn Taran has a semiarid climate, typical of Northwestern India and experiences four seasons primarily: winter season (November to March) with temperature ranges from 4 °C (39 °F) to about 19 °C (66 °F), summer season (April to June) where temperatures can reach 45 °C (113 °F), monsoon season (July to September) and post-monsoon season (September to November). Annual rainfall is about 790 millimetres (31.1 in). Since 1970, the lowest temperature, −2.6 °C (27.3 °F), was recorded on 21 Jan 2005.

Politics

Tarn Taran Sahib is situated near the Amritsar district. It sends one elected representative to the Lok Sabha (the Indian parliament), one member to the State Legislative Assembly and two members to Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandhak Committee (SGPC) at Amritsar. It is the headquarters of Tarn Taran district. It is a municipal council with 19 wards.

Transport

Air

air

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Nearest Airport is at Amritsar. At a distance approx. 30km.Amritsar's international airport has more than 200 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu.

Rail

Indian Railways.

Tarn Taran is well connected with near by Cities and villages with Rail Network.

Tarn Taran station is on the way on Amritsar to Khemkaran line.

A new project of rail from Tran Taran to Goindwal Sahib is under construction and from Patti to Ferozpur is also under construction.

Road

File:Tarntaran.PNG

Road Mesh

Tarn Taran has a well mesh of roads to many sides like:

Tarn Taran to Amritsar, Pathankot, Jammu

Tarn Taran to Patti, Khemkaran

Tarn Taran to Kaputhala, Jalandhar

Tarn Taran to Jandhiala Guru, Beas

Tarn Taran to Bathinda, Bikaner

Tarn Taran to Chabhal, Attari/Wagha

Tarn Taran to Khadur Sahib, Goindwal Sahib

Tarn Taran is located on Historic Royal Highway (Sher Shah Suri Marg) of Mugal Empire from Delhi to Lahore.NH-15 (National Highway No. 15) also passes through Tarn Taran.Tarn Taran has a fast bus service to Amritsar with a daily route of about 450 buses daily.

AC coach buses of many transports have routes of Tarn Taran.Like PUNBUS,PRTC,RAJ,NEW DEEP etc.

Daily bus services run to and from New Delhi, Chandigarh, Patiala, Bikaner, Bathinda, Ferozpur, Ludhiana, Jalandhar etc.

Weekly Bus Service to Ponta Sahib

Demographics

As of 2001 Indian census, Tarn Taran Sahib had a population of 130,587. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Tarn Taran has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 40%. In Tarn Taran Sahib, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age and 15% is elderly. 3% of its residents have settled abroad.

Culture

Gurudwara Tarn Taran Sahib, is situated at a distance of 22 km south-east of Amritsar city. It was built by Guru Arjun Dev, in the Mughal style, in memory of Guru Ram Das. Its dome is covered with copper gilt. It is located on the edge of a big tank whose water is believed to cure leprosy. So, affected persons have been visiting this holy shrine for the last four centuries to seek cure of their lacerated wounds caused by leprosy. A big fair is held here every month, an amavas day.

Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India.

The holy city of Tarn Taran Sahib was founded and named as 'Tarn Taran' by the fifth master (guru) of Sikhs Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The habitation was established after purchasing landed property of several nearby villages mainly Palasaur by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The city has many historical Gurudwaras which include Darbar Sahib Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh (Gurdwara of the Guru's Well), Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh, Gurdwara Takkar Sahib, Gurdwara Lakeer Sahib, Gurrudwara Baba Garja Singh Baba Bota Singh, Gurdwara Jhulna Mahal, Thatti Khara. The main religious hub at Shri Tarn Taran Sahib is 'Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran', of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran has the largest Sarovar (Holy Tank) in the World. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandhak Committee (S.G.P.C.) manages the affairs of Gurdwara Tarn Taran. The Sikhs of Tarn Taran elect two members for the General House of the SGPC for five years term. It used to elect one member of Parliament and elects one Member of Punjab Legislative Assembly. Tarn Taran is one of the Districts of Punjab State bordering Pakistan. Gurudwara Lakeer Sahib is situated at the place where a line on the ground was marked by Baba Deep Singh Ji, before entering into war with mughals. Gurudwara Bibi Bhani da Khuh is situated near Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran named after Bibi Bhani Ji the daughter of Guru Amar Das and the wife of Guru Ram Das and the mother of Guru Arjan Dev Ji. This religio-historic Khuh well was dug by Guru Arjan Dev Ji in memory of his mother at the place where Mata Bibi Bhani Ji used to serve food, water, and medicine to needy and visiting pilgrims. Locals and a sikh lawyer with help of Dera Kar Sewa Tarn Taran preserved the place and constructed a Gurudwara at this place. Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh Management Committee (Regd.)manages the Gurudwara affairs since year 2006. Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh is also situated in Tarn Taran City. This well belonged to Guru Arjan Dev Ji, a historic Gurdwara has been built at this place. Other Gurdwaras in the District of Tarn Taran are at Goindwal Sahib namely Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, at Khadoor Sahib, at Baba Buddha Sahib (Bir Sāhib) and those at Amritsar. With so many Gurwaras of historic importance this makes the Majha belt a historic Sikh centre of gathering and interest. The epi Centre of Kar Sewa (lit. hand service), Dera Kar Sewa Baba Jiwan Singh ji, runs at Goindwal Sahib Road, Tarn Taran. Goindwal Sahib is important center of Sikhism, as Guru Arjan Dev ji was born here. Goindwal Sahib, situated along the River Beas, is 23 kilometres from Tarn Taran.

Facilities

Health

The City has an inadequate health care and fire brigade system. The City has one civil hospital and six private hospitals including a Guru Nanak Dev charitable hospital run by Kar Sewa.

Colleges	Schools
*1 Guru Arjun Dev Khalsa College	*1 Maharaja Ranjit Singh Public School
*2 Sewa Devi College	*2 Guru Harkrishan Public School
*3 Mata Ganga College for women	*3 Guru Nanak Dev Academy
*4 Majha College for women	*4 St. Franics Convent School
*5 Kalian Homeopathic College	*5 Mata Ganga Girls School
*6 Mai Bhago Institute of Nursing	*6 SD Public School
*7 Shiv Shankar Institute of Engg and Tech (Patti)	*7 Sant Singh Sukha Singh Public School
*8 Shaheed Bhagat Singh Pharmacy (Patti)	*8 Arya Girls School
*9 Shaheed Bhagat Singh Polytechnic College	*9 Govt. Sen Sec School
*10 Shaheed Bhagat Singh B.Ed College	*10 Guru Arjun Dev Khalsa School
*11 International School of Nursing	*11 Cupid's School
.	*12 Police DAV Public School
.	*13 SSS Public School
.	*14 Punjab Children Academy
.	*15 St. Jhomas Convent School
.	*16 Mamta Niketan Convent School

Economy

Industry

Tarn Taran have many smaller scale to large scale industries:

• Rana Sugar Distilliries (Village Lokha)

• Cooperative sugar mill (Village Sheron)

• World Famous Fish Market(Village Harike)

• Asia Largest Poltary Farm(VillageGagobuha)

• Ambition Poltary Farm(VillageRure Asal)

• Tarn Taran Grain Market (one of the India's Biggest Grain markets)

• Tarn Taran district have about 58 Rice Shellers

• GVK Power Plant Goindwal Sahib

• Spinnig Mills Goindwal Sahib

• Thread Mills Goindwal Sahib

• Centre Govt. has plan for setting up a special economic zone (SEZ) at Sri Goindwal Sahib

Notable people

Martyrs	Sikh leaders	Freedom Fighters	Politicans	Players	Others
Baba Deep Singhji ;great sikh martyr	Teja Singh Samundri; founder of SGPC	Baba Gurdit SinghSS Komagata Maru	Gurdial Singh Dhillon;ex-speaker of Lok Sabha India	Dara Singh wrestler	Bhai Santokh Singh;Maha kavi;Great Poet
Mai Bhago ji great sikh woman martyr	Baba Baghel Singh;who occpied Delhi	BabaSohan Singh Bhakna;Founder and President of Gadar party	M. S. Gill ;sports Minister of India	Mandeep Kaur winner of gold medal in CWG 2010	Dr S.C. Sobti Vice Chancellor of Punjab University,chandigarh
.	Sunder Singh Lyallpuri	Bhai Hazara Singh;First Martyr of Gurudwara Reform Moment	Pratap Singh Kairon;ex-Chief Minister of Punjab	Wrestler Kartar Singh ;Two times Asian Games Champion	Preetam Singh Safeer ex-Judge of [[Delhi High Court]
.	Bhai Bidhi Chand Chhina Great Warrior	.	Shri Krishan Kant Sharma	Salwinder Singh Shinda ;Wrestler,Hustam-i-Hind,six times Rustam-i-Punjab,president of district wrestling association Tarn-Taran.	Dr. Trehan famous heart specialist
.	Bhai Maha Singh Great Sikh Matyr	.	Hira Singh Gabria; Jail Minister	Dharam Singh (field hockey)	Dr. Parveen Sareen famous kidney specialist
.	.	.	Gurdial Singh Dhillon;ex-speaker of Lok Sabha India	Tiger Joginder Singh wrestler	Gurbaksh Chahal one of California's [[Richest person]
.	.	.	Ranjit Singh Brahmpura ;Cabinet Minister	Gurpreet Singh (shooter) ; winner of two golds and one bronze medals in CWG Delhi	Surender Mohan Pathak,Famous Novelist
.	.	.	Adesh Partap Kairon Minister of Taxation and Excise	.	Surjit Singh Rajput (I.A.S.) Secy. Govt. of Punjab

Famous Villages

• Sarhali
• Harike
• Jhabhal
• Sabhran

External links

• Website