User:Ncboy2010/sandbox: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
←Blanked the page |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Citation style|date=September 2009}} |
|||
{{refimprove|date=January 2012}} |
|||
{{Converts to Christianity}} |
|||
The following is a '''list of notable people who converted to [[Christianity]]''' from a different [[religion]] or [[no religion]]. This article addresses only past voluntary professions of faith by the individuals listed, and is not intended to address ethnic, cultural, or other considerations such as [[Marriage]]. Certain people listed here may be lapsed or former converts, or their current religious identity may be ambiguous, uncertain or disputed. Such cases are noted in their list entries. |
|||
==From [[Abrahamic religions]]== |
|||
===From [[Islam]]=== |
|||
[[File:Saint Abo of Tiflis.jpg|thumb|150px|'''[[Abo of Tiflis]]''', a [[Christian]] activist and the Patron AMR Saint of the city of [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name = "Abo of Tiflis"/>]] |
|||
[[File:Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad]] - [[Egypt]]ian [[List of former Muslims|former Muslim]] [[sheikh]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}]] |
|||
[[File:Nonie Darwish 1.jpg|thumb|150px|'''[[Nonie Darwish]]''', an [[Egyptian American]] writer and public speaker.<ref name = "dailynews"/>]] |
|||
[[File:Akbar Gbaja-Biamila.jpg|thumb|150px|'''[[Akbar Gbaja-Biamila]]''' is an [[American football]] player.<ref name = "autogenerated2"/>]] |
|||
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Beshoy.jpg|thumb|150px|'''[[Mohammed Hegazy]]''' the first [[Egypt]]ian [[Muslim]] convert to [[Christianity]] to seek official recognition of his conversion from the [[Egypt]]ian Government.<ref name = "Mohammed Hegazy"/>]] --> |
|||
[[File:Magdi Cristiano Allam.jpg|150px|thumb|[[Italians|Italian]] journalist '''[[Magdi Allam]]''' converted to [[Roman Catholicism]] during the Vatican's 2008 Easter vigil service presided over by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref name = "Magdi"/>]] |
|||
[[Image:Amir Sjarifuddin.jpg|150px|thumb|upright|Born into a Muslim [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak]] family, Indonesian Prime Minister '''[[Amir Sjarifuddin]]''' converted to Christianity in 1931, upon which his fervently Islamic mother committed suicide.<ref name="VICKERS_86"/>]] |
|||
A |
|||
* [[Aslan Abashidze]] - leader of the [[Adjara|Ajarian]] Autonomous Republic in western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Abashidze was born into a renowned [[Muslim]] [[Ajarians|Ajarian]] family, a branch of the [[Abashidze]] princely house. |
|||
* [[Ibrahim Abdullah]] - American former [[PLO]] terrorist.<ref>[http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2006/04/18/news/local/bcover0414.txt Former terrorist trades weapons for olive branch]</ref> |
|||
* [[Abo of Tiflis]] - Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name="Abo of Tiflis">''Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism'', pg. 174.[http://books.google.com/books?id=tyV6I-TUlV8C&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=les+khazars+dans+la+passion+d+abo+tiflis&source=web&ots=OLU4c0xT6j&sig=N5IKASE1kAteBtYH4QPp5O-vgQQ#PPA174,M1]; [http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0108.shtml January 8th Saints]</ref> |
|||
* [[Taysir Abu Saada]] - a former member of the [[PLO]] and the founder of the christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to [[christianity]]. He was [[Yasir Arafat]]'s personal driver.<ref>http://www.rnw.nl/arabic/article/467965</ref><ref>http://www.hdhod.com/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_a34209.html</ref> |
|||
* [[Abraham of Bulgaria]] - Martyr and saint of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref name="Abraham">Michael Walsh, ''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West'', Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=8mUJ58SMMhEC&pg=PA3&dq=Abraham+of+Bulgaria+martyr&sig=npcisdsrM9bLEkufTcmGoP1lMbw,M1 Google Print, p. 3].</ref> |
|||
* [[Rotimi Adebari]] - a [[Nigeria]]n-born [[Irish people|Irish]] politician and the first [[black people|black]] [[mayor]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. |
|||
* [[St. Adolphus]] - Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by [[Abd ar-Rahman II]], [[Caliph]] of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] for apostasy.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints |last=Holweck |first=F. G. |authorlink=Frederick George Holweck|coauthors= |year=1924 |publisher=B. Herder Book Co. |location=St. Louis |isbn= |page=84}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Mehmet Ali Ağca]] - [[Turkey|Turkish]] born who attempt to murder [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1981. He became a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] during his time in prison. |
|||
* [[Al-Mu'eiyyad]] - [[Abbasid]] prince and third son of Abbasid caliph, [[Al-Mutawakkil]]. He was converted to Christianity along with his three confidants by St. Theodore of Edessa, accepting the name ''"John"'' upon baptism.<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles4/MaximovMuslims.shtml |
|||
|title=A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims |
|||
|publisher=Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary |
|||
|accessdate=2007-08-17 |
|||
}}</ref><ref name="Patrich">Joseph Patrich, ''The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church'', Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-0976-5, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=O4pj9YNdgJYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Al-Mutawakkil+converted+to+christianity&lr=#PPA157,M1 Google Print, p. 157].</ref> |
|||
* [[Jabalah ibn al-Aiham]] - last ruler of the [[Ghassanid|Ghassanid state]] in [[Syria]] and [[Jordan]] in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of [[Levant]] he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in [[Anatolia]] until he died in AD 645.<ref>[http://www.quraan.com/index.aspx?&tabid=32&artid=52 The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah]</ref> |
|||
* [[Ibrahim Ben Ali]] - a [[soldier]], [[physician]] and one of the earliest American settlers of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin. |
|||
* [[Magdi Allam]] (baptized as ''Magdi Cristiano Allam'') - Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.<ref name = "Magdi">[http://www.suntimes.com/news/world/856567,pope032208.article Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service]</ref> |
|||
* [[Zachariah Anani]] - former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/thecurrent/2007/200701/20070116.html | title=CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow | deadurl=yes}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Hussain Andaryas]] - [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] Christian activist and tele-evangelist.<ref>[http://www.hesavedme.com/story.htm He saved me - The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan]</ref> |
|||
* [[Matthew Ashimolowo]] - [[Nigeria]]n-born British pastor and evangelist.<ref> |
|||
{{cite web |url=http://www.rickross.com/reference/general/general772.html |title='Wealth' church leader practised what he preached |accessdate=2007-08-04 |last=Petre |first=Jonathan |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2005-10-08 |year= |month= |work= |publisher=Telegraph |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam }}</ref> |
|||
* [[Aurelius and Natalia]] - Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of [[Abd ar-Rahman II]], [[Caliph]] of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] for apostasy.<ref>[http://libro.uca.edu/martyrs/cm2.htm Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain]</ref> |
|||
*[[Maria Aurora of Spiegel]] - born as Fatima, mistress of [[Augustus II of Saxony]] |
|||
* [[Johannes Avetaranian]] - (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendant of [[Prophet Muhammad]].<ref>[http://www.authorsonline.co.uk/author/John%20Bechard/ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian]</ref> |
|||
B |
|||
* [[Josephine Bakhita]] - Roman Catholic saint from [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei |last=Hutchison |first=Robert A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1999 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location= |isbn=0312193440 |page=7 }} - "Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity".</ref> |
|||
* [[Sarah Balabagan]] - a [[Filipino people|Filipina]] prisoner in the [[United Arab Emirates]] during 1994 - 96 whose case caused a good deal of controversy. |
|||
* [[Fathima Rifqa Bary controversy|Fathima Rifqa Bary]] - a young woman of [[Sri Lanka]]n descent who drew international attention in 2009 when, at age 16, she ran away from her Ohio home saying that her [[Muslim]] parents are going to kill her for becoming a [[Christian]]. |
|||
* [[Ahmed Barzani|Sheikh Ahmed Barzani]] - Head of [[Barzani]] Tribe in Iraqi [[Kurdistan]] and older brother of [[Mustafa Barzani]], Kurdish nationalist leader. He announced his conversion to Christianity in 1931 during the anti-government uprising.<ref>''The Kurdish Minority Problem'', p.11, December 1948, ORE 71-48, [[CIA]] "The first of the major Barzani revolts took place in 1931 after Sheikh Ahmed Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]], announced his conversion to [[Christianity]] and succeeded in defeating a number of other Kurdish tribes as well as regular Iraqi troops." [http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000258376/0000258376_0014.gif].</ref> |
|||
* [[Simeon Bekbulatovich]] - Khan of [[Qasim Khanate]].<ref name=autogenerated1 /> |
|||
* [[Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky]] - Russian officer of [[Circassians|Circassian]] origin who led the first Russian military expedition into [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Peter the Great |last=Massie |first=Robert K. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1981 |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=Soviet Union |isbn=0345298063 |page=469 }}</ref> |
|||
* [[Francis Bok]] - [[Sudan]]ese-[[United States of America|American]] activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.<ref>[http://www.usaweekend.com/03_issues/031109/031109francis_bok.html Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. ''USA Weekend Magazine''. November 9, 2003.]</ref> |
|||
* [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] - [[Central African Republic]] Emperor (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981532,00.html I Love Jeddah in the Springtime] Time magazine</ref> |
|||
* [[Yayi Boni|Dr.Thomas Yayi Boni]] - President of [[Benin]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4835336.stm/ Benin's new president announced]</ref> |
|||
* [[Sayed Borhan|Sayed Borhan khan]] - Khan of [[Qasim Khanate]] from 1627 to 1679.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> |
|||
* [[Bilquis Sheikh]]- was a prominent member of a noble Muslim [[Hayat]] Khattar family from [[Pakistan]] and wife of then [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Minister of Interior]] Lt Gen Khalid Masud Sheikh. She is known for her high-profile conversion from Islam to Christianity. |
|||
C |
|||
* [[Casilda of Toledo]] - venerated as a [[saint]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. According to her legend, St. Casilda, a daughter of a [[Muslim]] king of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] (called Almacrin or Almamun), showed special kindness to [[Christian]] [[prison]]ers by carrying [[bread]] hidden in her clothes to feed them. |
|||
* [[George XI of Kartli]] - ruled [[Kartli]], eastern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. |
|||
* [[Djibril Cissé]] - French [[soccer]] player of [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivorian]] descent.<ref>[http://www.netglimse.com/celebs/pages/djibril_cisse/index.shtml Djibril Cisse - Biography] "Cisse, originally a Muslim converted to Christianity."</ref> |
|||
* [[Hansen Clarke]] - the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] for {{ushr|MI|13}}.<ref>[http://www.musalmantimes.com/2010/11/04/muslim-to-catholic-convert-hansen-hashem-clarke-member-of-us-congress/ Muslim to Catholic Convert Hansen Hashem Clarke Member of US Congress.]</ref> |
|||
* [[Eldridge Cleaver]] - Author, prominent American civil rights leader, and key member of the [[Black Panther Party]]. He converted to [[Mormonism]].<ref>[http://www.ldsfilm.com/movies/Panther.html Latter-day Saint (Mormon) character in "Panther" (1997) (Eldridge Cleaver, Latter-day Saint)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>John Clark Hammerback and Richard J. Jensen. "From Muslim to Mormon: Eldridge Cleaver's Rhetorical Crusade", Communication Quarterly, 34 (Winter 1986), 24-40.</ref> |
|||
* [[Constantine the African]] - [[Baghdad]]-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at [[Monte Cassino]].<ref>[http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2097.htm Constantine the African]</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-134005/Constantine-the-African Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)]</ref> |
|||
D |
|||
* [[Nonie Darwish]] - [[Egyptian American]] writer and public speaker.<ref name=dailynews>Friedman, Lisa. [http://www.truthandgrace.com/escapeislam.htm "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred"], ''[[Los Angeles Daily News]]'', 5 June 2005. (reproduced)</ref> |
|||
* [[Sedar Dedeoglu]] - a [[Turkish people|Turk]] who claims to be a descendant of [[Islam]]'s prophet [[Muhammad]] has converted to [[Christianity]] while living in Germany.<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=54124 FAITH UNDER FIRE - Descendant of Muhammad converts to Christianity - But faces threat to life if forced to return to Turkey]</ref> |
|||
* [[Hassan Dehqani-Tafti]] - Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.<ref name=tele>{{cite news |first=|last=|title=The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1918728/The-Rt-Rev-Hassan-Dehqani-Tafti.html|work= [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher= |date=2008-05-05 |accessdate=2008-05-11 | location=London}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Mehdi Dibaj]] - Iranian pastor and Christian activist.<ref>[http://www.farsinet.com/dibaj/ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice - Sari, Iran December 3, 1993]</ref> |
|||
* [[Momolu Dukuly]] - politician in [[Liberia]]. He left [[Islam]] and embraced [[Christianity]] before he became foreign minister [http://theperspective.org/articles/0617200501.html]. |
|||
E |
|||
* [[Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad]] - an Egyptian former Muslim [[sheikh]]. For more than 20 years, el-Akkad was a member of the fundamentalist Islamic group [[Da'wa el Tabligh]], which actively proselytized non-Muslims but strictly opposed violence. He also led a mosque community in [[Al-Haram]], in the [[Giza]] area adjacent to [[Cairo]]. In 1994, he published, ''Islam: the Religion'', a 500-page book reviewing the traditional beliefs and dogmas of [[Islam]]. He late became disillusioned with Islam and began to question certain Islamic tenets. A theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian Scripture, after which he converted to [[Christianity]] in January 2005.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} |
|||
* [[Estevanico]] - [[Berber people|Berber]] originally from [[Morocco]] and one of the early explorers of the [[Southwestern United States]].<ref>[http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/estevanico.htm Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)]</ref> |
|||
* [[Gulshan Esther]] - Pakistani convert from Islam to Christianity.<ref>Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, ''The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther'', [[Zondervan]] (1992), pg.46, ISBN 0-551-01153-X</ref> |
|||
F |
|||
* [[Donald Fareed]] - Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.<ref>[http://www.persianministries.org/about/donaldfareed.php Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website]</ref> |
|||
*[[Jacob Frank]] - 18th century [[Jewish]] religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah [[Sabbatai Zevi]], and also of [[King David]]. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as ''Frankism''.<ref name="Scholem">[[Gershom Scholem]], ''[http://www.radicaltorahthought.com/Bio%20Zvi_Frank.htm 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists']'', from [[Encyclopedia Judaica]]</ref> |
|||
G |
|||
* [[Mark A. Gabriel]]- [[Egypt]]ian Islamic scholar and writer<ref>''Against the Tides in the Middle East'', International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").</ref> |
|||
* [[Daveed Gartenstein-Ross]]- Counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).<ref>[http://hsgac.senate.gov/_files/091906GartensteinRoss.pdf Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks?] Government testimony (PDF)</ref><ref>[http://www.daveedgr.com/about/ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross] biography on his website</ref> |
|||
* [[Akbar Gbaja-Biamila]] - [[American football]] player.<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.thegoal.com/players/football/biamila_kabeer/biamila.html Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila]</ref><ref>[http://blog.chargers.com/2006/07/akbar_gbajabiamila_keeps_the_f.html Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith] - ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")</ref> |
|||
* [[Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila]] - an American football defensive end who was drafted by the Green Bay Packers and is currently a free agent. |
|||
* [[Ruffa Gutierrez]] - [[Filipino people|Filipina]] actress, [[Model (person)|model]] and former [[beauty queen]] (from [[Christianity]] to [[Islam]] back to [[Christianity]])<ref>[http://pep.ph/news/13286/Ruffa-Gutierrez-reaffirms-her-Christian-faith Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith]</ref> |
|||
H |
|||
* [[Umar ibn Hafsun]] - Leader of anti-[[Ummayad]] dynasty forces in southern [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]]. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.<ref name="Simonis">Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, ''Spain'', Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Xq-vZyjaqP8C&pg=PA743&dq=Mozarab&lr=&sig=QJOPQkyLSsIB2sBd7jjHsXb0twM#PPA743,M1 Google Print, pp. 743].</ref> |
|||
* [[Naveed Afzal Haq]] - Pakistani American charged for the July 2006 [[Seattle Jewish Federation shooting]]. He converted to Christianity in December, 2005 but reverted to Islam by the time of the shooting.<ref name=PI>{{cite news|title=Shooting suspect was baptized|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/279424_convert30ww.html|publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|accessdate=2006-08-01|first1=Scott|last1=Gutierrez|date=July 28, 2006}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Mohammed Hegazy]] - First Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government. Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat August 11,<ref name="Mohammed Hegazy">[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/egypt_muslim_convert]</ref> |
|||
* [[Aben Humeya]] - (born Fernando de Valor) [[Morisco]] Chief who was crowned the [[Emir]] of [[Andalusia]] by his followers and led the [[Morisco Revolt]] against [[Philip II of Spain]].<ref name="Valor">L. P. Harvey, ''Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614'', University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=7QJygx-jbKcC&pg=PA223&dq=Aben+Humeya&sig=XRnq9NGpK2tNlaMU0tnpMYVTNHE M1 Google Print, pp. 223] Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.</ref> |
|||
I |
|||
* [[Tunch Ilkin]] - former American football player.<ref>[http://www.onmission.com/site/c.cnKHIPNuEoG/b.830611/k.9EEC/Faith_In_Sports.htm Faith in Sports]</ref> |
|||
* [[Qadry Ismail]] - former American football player.<ref>[http://www.thegoal.com/players/football/ismail_qadry/ismail_qadry.html Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com]</ref> |
|||
* [[Raghib Ismail]] - former American football player.<ref>[http://www.greeleytrib.com/article/20070415/SPORTOPS/104150136 Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path]</ref> |
|||
J |
|||
* [[Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh]] - Brother of [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]], the wife of [[Prophet Muhammad]] and one of the male [[Sahaba]] (companions of the Prophet).<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/lifeprophet/25.htm Marriages of the Holy Prophet]</ref> |
|||
* [[Esther John]] - a Pakistani Christian [[nurse]].<ref>[http://newsaints.faithweb.com/noncatholic.htm in Catholic community]</ref> She is counted in ten most famous [[Christian martyr]]s of the present day. |
|||
* [[Lina Joy]] - [[Malaysia]]n convert to Christianity. The desire to have her conversion recognized was the subject of a court case in [[Malaysia]].<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1626300,00.html Time Magazine]</ref> |
|||
* [[Don Juan of Persia]] - a late 16th and early 17th century figure in [[Iran]] and Spain. He settled in Spain where he became a [[Roman Catholic]]. |
|||
K |
|||
* [[Alexander Kazembek (Russian orientalist)|Alexander Kazembek]] - Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of [[Azeri]] origin .<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.evrazia.org/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1146 Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East] by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006</ref> |
|||
* [[Mathieu Kérékou]]- President of [[Benin]] (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).<ref>{{cite news | last =Okanla | first =Karim | title =Benin's 'magical' leader | publisher = [[BBC news]] | date = 20 August 2003| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3166593.stm }}</ref> |
|||
* [[Kitty Kirkpatrick]] - born in India and brought up as [[Shia Muslim]]. |
|||
* [[Emir Kusturica]] - [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian]] Serb filmmaker and actor.<ref name="pionirovglasnik">[http://www.pionirovglasnik.com/index.php?category=39&content=315 Article about Kusturica's religion on pionirovglasnik.com]</ref><ref>[http://hem.passagen.se/hambarine/Vijesti/23072005Kusturica.htm News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se]</ref> |
|||
L |
|||
* [[Imad ud-din Lahiz]] - Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Qur'anic translator.<ref>''Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam'', Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 - "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."</ref> |
|||
* [[Fernão Lopez]] - first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of [[Saint Helena]] in the [[South Atlantic Ocean]]. |
|||
* [[Dr. Nur Luke]] - [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] Bible translator.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bibles Across the World |last=Cryer |first=Neville Barker |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1979 |publisher=Mowbrays |location=United States of America|isbn=0264664175 |page=94}}</ref> |
|||
M |
|||
* [[Fadhma Aït Mansour]] - Mother of French writers [[Jean Amrouche]] and [[Taos Amrouche]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary |last=Majumdar |first=Margaret |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=United States of America |isbn=0340806966 |page=4}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Sake Dean Mahomed]] - an [[Indian subcontinent|Indian]] traveller, surgeon and [[entrepreneur]] who introduced the [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] [[Take-out|take-away]] [[Curry|curry house]] restaurant in Britain, and was the first [[Indian English literature|Indian to have written a book in the English language]]. |
|||
*[[Josef Mässrur]] - (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese [[Turkestan]] with the [[Mission Union of Sweden]].<ref>''In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration'', Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284</ref> |
|||
* [[Carlos Menem]] - former [[President of Argentina]]. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, a constitutional requirement for accessing the presidency until 1994.<ref name="Menem ">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002423/Carlos-Menem "Carlos Menem"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref> |
|||
* [[St. George El Mozahem]] - A coptic saint<ref>http://st-takla.org/zJ/index.php?option=com_icopts&task=&sm=3-2&c=&dbl=en&tht=1309039200</ref><ref>http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97</ref><ref>http://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/Coptic-Saints-Story_794.html</ref> |
|||
* [[Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan]] - was the last [[Khan (title)|khan]] of [[Kazan Khanate]] (1552). |
|||
* [[Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan]] - Last khan of [[Kazan Khanate]].<ref name=autogenerated1 /> |
|||
* [[Muhsin Muhammad]] - current [[American football]] player for the [[Carolina Panthers]], raised in a Muslim household, later converted to Christianity.<ref>{{cite news | title = Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving | author = Brad Biggs | newspaper = Chicago Sun-Times | date = May 20, 2005 Friday | page = 148 | accessdate =Dec 5, 2009 }}</ref> |
|||
* [[Paul Mulla]] - Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the [[Pontifical Oriental Institute]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Patterns of Christian Acceptance|last=Jarrett-Kerr|first=Martin|authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1972|publisher=Oxford University Press |location=United Kingdom|isbn= |page=196}}</ref> |
|||
N |
|||
* [[Marina Nemat]] - Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/arts/story.html?id=56af0b50-c6d5-4fbf-a0a4-c95a3c34ad1b&k=94826 Flight from Iran]</ref> |
|||
* [[Nunilo and Alodia]] - a pair of child [[martyr]]s from [[Huesca]]. Born of a mixed marriage, they eschewed the [[Islam]] of their father in favour of their mother's [[Christianity]]. |
|||
O |
|||
* [[Malika Oufkir]] - Moroccan writer, daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir, and former prisoner of King [[Hassan II]] of Morocco. |
|||
P |
|||
* [[Shams Pahlavi]] - Iranian princess and the elder sister of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], Shah of [[Iran]].<ref name="Fardust">Hussein Fardust, ''The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:'', Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=SJZ_xgqCOMQC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=shams+pahlavi+converted&source=web&ots=wfvXcqgX4k&sig=6eKn-7Ndmm_E4uq_PV7NBRqWSA0&hl=en#PPA123,M1 Google Print, pp. 122–123].</ref> |
|||
* [[Hamid Pourmand]] - former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the [[Jama'at-e Rabbani]], the Iranian branch of the [[Assemblies of God]] church in [[Iran]].<ref>[http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE13/060/2005/en/dom-MDE130602005en.html Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief]</ref> |
|||
R |
|||
* [[Abdul Rahman (convert)|Abdul Rahman]] - Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the [[death penalty]] because of foreign pressure.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687</ref> |
|||
* [[Stefan Razvan]] - [[Romani people|Gypsy]] prince who ruled [[Moldavia]] for six months in 1595.<ref>''Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani'', p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ |
|||
and Mariana Sandu - "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."</ref> |
|||
* [[Emily Ruete]] - (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of [[Zanzibar]] and [[Oman]].<ref>Emily Ruete, (1888): ''Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar''</ref><ref>Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): ''An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages.'' Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 - 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9</ref><ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/9987887732 Publisher's review for ''Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar''] - ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")</ref> |
|||
* [[Ibrahim Rugova]] - an [[Albanians|Albanian]] politician who was the first [[President of Kosovo]] and of its leading political party, the [[Democratic League of Kosovo]] (LDK) is rumored to have converted to Christianity just before his death in January 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanians-vie-for-religious-sites|title=Kosovo's New Cathedral Stirs Muslim Resentment|last1=Erebara|first1=Gjergj|date=4 October 2010|work=|publisher=Balkan Insight|accessdate=14 January 2011}}</ref> |
|||
S |
|||
* [[Nazli Sabri]] - [[Queen consort]] of [[Egypt]].<ref>[http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Egypt/egypt13.htm Egypt The Muhammed Ali dynasty]</ref><ref>[http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/islamic/egypt.html Egypt]</ref> |
|||
* [[Begum Samru]] - Powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from [[Sardhana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>''The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination'' by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8</ref> |
|||
* [[James Scurry]] - a British [[soldier]] and [[statesman]]. |
|||
* [[Mohamed Alí Seineldín]] - a former [[Argentina|Argentine]] army [[colonel]] who participated in two failed coup attempts against the democratically elected governments of both [[President of Argentina|President]] [[Raúl Alfonsín]] and President [[Carlos Menem]] in 1988 and 1990.<ref name=msnbc>{{cite news |first=|last=|title=Argentine ex-army colonel who led uprisings dies |url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1047903&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_world&cate_rss=WORLD_eng|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=[[Taiwan News]]|date=2009-09-02 |accessdate=2009-09-15}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Hakeem Seriki]] (AKA [[Chamillionaire]]) - American rapper<ref>[http://allhiphop.com/blogs/features/archive/2005/09/14/18133318.aspx Features : Chamillionaire: Here Comes the Reign<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.muchmusic.com/music/artists/transcripts.asp?artist=1503 MuchMusic.com | Artists|Chamillionaire<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* The [[Sibirsky (surname)|Sibirsky family]] - The foremost of many [[Genghisid]] ([[Shaybanid]]) noble families formerly living in Russia.<ref name="Khodarkovsky">Michael Khodarkovsky, ''Russia's Steppe Frontier'', Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ioOA0i2588cC&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=In+1591,+Abul-Khayir,+the+son+of+the+Siberian+&source=web&ots=avh9upuzhg&sig=n8YOdZbz7qV8gzm4WLbbU0xrSTc&hl=en, M1 Google Print, p. 265].</ref> |
|||
* The [[Shihabs|Shihab family]] - prominent Lebanese noble family who originally belonged to [[Sunni]] Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century<ref name="Mannheim">Ivan Mannheim, ''Syria & Lebanon handbook'', Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=GOJ80DlXwwMC&pg=PA567&dq=Shihab+family+sunni&sig=17XTYyyXpDOLgwa0vsYzIixL0iY#PPA567,M1 Google Print, p. 567].</ref> |
|||
* [[Walid Shoebat]] - American author and former member of the [[PLO]].<ref name=walid>[http://www.shoebat.com/bio.php?PHPSESSID=61e4c5139507437e903da869d8a6a4cc Biography of Walid Shoebat]</ref> |
|||
* [[Nasir Siddiki]] - Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.<ref>[http://www.religionlink.org/tip_060227.php Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?]</ref> |
|||
* [[Amir Sjarifuddin]] - [[Indonesia]]n socialist leader who later became the prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.<ref name="VICKERS_86">Vickers (2005), page 86</ref> |
|||
* [[Skanderbeg]] - Albanian military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted back to Christianity later in life.<ref name = "Skanderbeg">Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.</ref> |
|||
*[[Rudolf Carl von Slatin]] - Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the [[Sudan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wienerzeitung.at/Desktopdefault.aspx?TabID=3946&Alias=wzo&lexikon=Afrika&letter=A&cob=286780 |title= Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit |accessdate=2008-01-19 |last=Schwaner |first=Birgit |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=2007-06-01|year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher=Weiner Zeitung|pages= |language=German|archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote="He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed"}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Hossein Soodmand]] - executed for apostasy. Although born a [[Muslim]], by 1989 Hossein had been a Christian for 25 years. |
|||
* [[Patrick Sookhdeo]] - British [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] canon<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/15/1097784043403.html?from=storylhs Islam, the West and the need for honesty]</ref> |
|||
T |
|||
* [[Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal]] - Two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".<ref>[http://www.compassdirect.org/en/display.php?page=news&lang=en&length=long&idelement=4927&backpage=archives&critere=Turan%20Topal%20and%20Hakan%20Tastan&countryname=&rowcur=0 TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT]</ref> |
|||
* [[Maria Temryukovna]] - a [[Circassians|Circassian]] princess, and second wife to [[Ivan IV of Russia]] who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] on August 21, 1561.<ref>Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982</ref> |
|||
* [[Ghorban Tourani]] - former [[Iran]]ian [[Sunni]] [[Islam|Muslim]] who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.<ref>[http://www.iranvajahan.net/cgi-bin/news.pl?l=en&y=2005&m=12&d=06&a=10 Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor]</ref> |
|||
U |
|||
* [[Utameshgaray of Kazan]] - Khan of [[Kazan Khanate]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{TES|Үтәмешгәрәй}}</ref> |
|||
W |
|||
* [[George Weah]] - [[Liberia]]n [[soccer]] player (from [[Christianity]] to [[Islam]] back to [[Christianity]]).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/sports_talk/forum/1550731.stm You quizzed George Weah] - BBC.com</ref> |
|||
Y |
|||
*[[Mosab Hassan Yousef]] - son of a Hamas leader.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mosab Hassan Yousef, son of Hamas leader, becomes a Christian|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/2613399/Mosab-Hassan-Yousef-son-of-Hamas-leader-becomes-a-Christian.html|author=Catherine Elsworth&Carolynne Wheeler|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=2010-03-04 | location=London | date=August 24, 2008}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Ramzi Yousef]] - [[Al Qaeda]] member and the main participant in the 1993 [[World Trade Center bombing]] and [[Bojinka plot|The Bojinka plot]].<ref name="Catholic Online ">{{cite web |date=December 10, 2007|url = http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=25656|title = Did Ramzi Yousef Really Convert to Christianity?|publisher = Catholic Online | accessdate = 2008-03-19 | last=Catholic Online |quote=}}</ref><ref name="CBS News ">{{cite news |date=December 10, 2007|url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/11/60minutes/main3357727_page2.shtml|title = Supermax: A Clean Version Of Hell|publisher = 60 minutes | accessdate = 2008-03-19 | last=60 minutes |quote=}}</ref> |
|||
Z |
|||
* [[Zaida of Seville]] - a refugee [[Muslim]] princess who became queen of [[Alfonso VI of Castile]]. |
|||
* [[Saye Zerbo]] - President of the republic of [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] (now [[Burkina Faso]]) <ref>[http://www.lefaso.net/spip.php?article10020 Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French)] "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Judaism]]=== |
|||
The ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' gives some statistics on conversion of Jews to [[Protestantism]], [[Roman Catholicism]], and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] (which it calls "Greek Catholicism").<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/table.jsp?table_id=425&volid=11&title=STATISTICS: JewishEncyclopedia.com - STATISTICS:<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Some 2,000 European Jews converted to [[Christianity]] every year during the 19th century, but in the 1890s the number was running closer to 3,000 per year, — 1,000 in [[Austria-Hungary|Austria Hungary (Galizian Poland)]], 1,000 in Russia (Poland, [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Lithuania]]), 500 in Germany ([[Poznań|Posen]]), and the remainder in the English world. |
|||
* [[Paul of Tarsus|The Apostle Paul]] - As a Pharisee (a Judaic leader), Saul of Tarsus was an enemy of the Church and a persecutor of its believers. A vision while traveling left him temporarily blind and led him to become one of the most prominent Christians (Act 9:5) and author of many [[New Testament]] epistles.<ref name="Attwater">Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. "The Penguin Dictionary of Saints", 3rd edition. New York:Penguin Group, 1995. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.</ref> |
|||
* [[Abd-al-Masih (martyr)]] - a convert martyred for his faith <ref name="Holweck">Holweck, F. G. "A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints". St. Louis, Missouri: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.</ref> |
|||
* [[Michael Solomon Alexander]] - first [[Anglican]] Bishop of Jerusalem<ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/JCR-UK/Community/exe/history/msalexander.htm ''Alexander's Apostasy: First Steps to Jerusalem.''] by Brian Taylor, from the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain</ref> |
|||
* [[Petrus Alphonsi]] - physician in ordinary to King [[Alfonso VI of Castile]]<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1195&letter=A&search=Petrus%20Alphonsi "Alphonsi, Petrus."] ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906</ref> |
|||
* [[Juan Alfonso de Baena]] - medieval Castilian [[troubadour]]<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=90&letter=B "Baena, Juan Alfonso De."] ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906</ref> |
|||
* [[Lovisa Augusti]]- opera singer and actress.<ref>[http://runeberg.org/nfaa/1331.html Nordisk familjebok, vol 1. A - Barograf]</ref> |
|||
* [[Eduard Bendemann]] - German painter<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Julius Benedict|Sir Julius Benedict]] - English composer<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Leo de Benedicto Christiano]] - medieval financier<ref>[[Ferdinand Gregorovius|Gregorovius, Ferdinand]]. ''Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1''. 1905.</ref> |
|||
* [[Theodor Benfey]] - German philologist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC">[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=759&letter=C] ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906</ref> |
|||
* [[David Berkowitz]] - American serial killer <ref>http://forgivenforlife.org/</ref> |
|||
* [[Michael Bernays]] - German professor of literature<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Gottfried Bernhardy]] - German philologist and literary historian<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Ludwig Börne]] - German political writer and satirist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[John Braham]] - English tenor opera star<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach]] - German jurist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Julius Friedrich Cohnheim]] - German pathologist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Isaac da Costa]] - Dutch language poet<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Abraham Capadose]] - Dutch physician and writer; friend of Isaac da Costa<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Carl Paul Caspari]] - Norwegian theologian<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Jehuda Cresques]] - Catalan cartographer<ref>Hamy, Bulletin de Géographie, 1891, pp. 218-222.</ref> |
|||
* [[Ferdinand David (musician)|Ferdinand David]] - German virtuoso violinist and composer<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Ludwig Dessoir]] - German actor<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Benjamin Disraeli]] - British Prime Minister and leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in the 19th century<ref>Robert Blake, Disraeli, 3. Norman Gash, reviewing Blake's work, argued that Benjamin's claim to Spanish ancestry could not be entirely dismissed. Norman Gash, review of Disraeli, by Robert Blake. The English Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 327. (Apr., 1968), 360-364.</ref> |
|||
* [[Alfred Döblin]] - German expressionist novelist<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5DC1438F931A25754C0A964958260 Simon, John'' Pursued by Nazis and Other Demons, New York Times, July 12, 1992'']</ref> |
|||
* [[Bob Dylan]] - popular musician who converted to Christianity in 1979.<ref>''Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades: Revisited'', Clinton Heylin, pgs. 491-520; ''Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan'', Howard Sounes, pgs. 324-326, 356; |
|||
''The Rough Guide to Bob Dylan (2nd edition)'', Nigel Williamson, pgs. 112-113; [http://www.jewsweek.com/bin/en.jsp?enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enDispWho=Article%5El1034&enVersion=0 Jewsweek: Bob Dylan's Unshakeable Monotheism -- Part III: The 1980s]; [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031669/Bob-Dylan "Bob Dylan"] '' Encyclopædia Britannica''; [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/121/43.0.html ''Bob Dylan Finds His Source''], from ''Christianity Today'', Noel Paul Stookey, January 4, 1980; [http://web.utk.edu/~wparr/KennGulliksen04251999.html]; [http://rightwingbob.com/weblog/archives/976]; [http://www.bobdylan.com/etc/ajacobs.html]; [http://www.lariat.org/AtTheMovies/dvd/dylan2.html]; [http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/bc.cgi?bc/bccn/0901/artdylan]; [http://www.classicbands.com/dylan.html]; [http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/Bob_Dylan/7795/p1/]; [http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/4758.htm]</ref> He later began studying with [[Chabad]], a branch of [[Hasidic Judaism]],<ref>[http://www.radiohazak.com/Dylan.html Bob Dylan: Tangled Up In Jews]</ref> though his current religious affiliation is uncertain. See also information on Dylan's [[Slow Train Coming#Conversion to Christianity|Conversion to Christianity]], [[Bob Dylan#Born-again period|Born-again period]] and [[Bob Dylan#Religious beliefs|Religious beliefs]]. |
|||
* [[Alfred Edersheim]] - Biblical scholar<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Rachel (actress)|Rachel Felix]] - French-Swiss theatre actress<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Pero Ferrús]] - Castilian poet<ref>Brian Dutton, Joaquín González Cuenca (editors), Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena (Madrid: Visor Libros, 1993), 534-544.</ref> |
|||
* [[Achille Fould]] - French financier and politician<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Jacob Frank]] - 18th century Jewish reformer<ref>Arthur Mandel: The Militant Messiah: The Story of Jacob Frank and the Frankists: Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press: 1979: ISBN 0-391-00973-7.</ref> |
|||
* The [[Reverend]] Canon [[Doctor (title)|Dr]] [[Giles Fraser]] - Christian minister and former Canon Chancellor of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] |
|||
* [[Heinrich von Friedberg]] - German jurist and statesman<ref name="jewishencyclopediaF">[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=388&letter=F] ''Friedberg, Heinrich, von'') Jewish Encyclopedia</ref> |
|||
* [[Ludwig Friedländer]] - German philologist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Eduard Gans]] - German philosopher and jurist, exponent of the conservative [[Right Hegelians]]<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, ''Gans, Eduard''.</ref> |
|||
* [[Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt]] - German astronomer and painter<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Fritz Haber]] - German chemist and Nobel laureate<ref>[http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2002/jul/fritzhaber/ Dan Charles, "The Tragedy of Fritz Haber", National Public Radio (July 11, 2002)]</ref> |
|||
* [[Heinrich Heine]] - German writer<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]] - German physician, pathologist and anatomist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Jorge Isaacs]] - Colombian writer, politician and soldier<ref>Carvajal, Mario. Vida y pasión de Jorge Isaacs. Manizales, 1937.</ref> |
|||
* [[Heinrich Jacoby]] - German educator<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Georg Jellinek]] - German legal philosopher<ref>[http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/22.3/kelly.html Duncan Kelly, "Revisiting the Rights of Man: Georg Jellinek on Rights and the State"]. ''Law and History Review'' vol. 22, no. 3 (Fall 2004).</ref> |
|||
* [[Paul S. L. Johnson]] - American scholar and pastor<ref>[http://www.epiphanystudies.co.uk/johnson.htm ''A Brief Biography of Paul S.L. Johnson''] from the Present Truth Library, which catalogues the works of Paul S.L. Johnson.</ref> |
|||
* [[David Kalisch]] - German playwright and humorist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Felix Philipp Kanitz]] - Austro-Hungarian naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, archaeologist and author of travel notes<ref>http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=87&letter=K ''Kanitz, Felix Philipp''] ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'', Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906.</ref> |
|||
* [[Andrew Klavan]] - filmmaker and novelist <ref name=robinson>[http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/28426619.html The World According to Andrew Klavan]. ''[[Uncommon Knowledge]]''. Filmed on August 28, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2009.</ref> |
|||
* [[Leopold Kronecker]] - German mathematician and logician<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Hermann Lebert]] - German physician<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Karl Lehrs]] - German classical scholar<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, ''Lehrs, Karl''.</ref> |
|||
* [[Osip Mikhailovich Lerner]] - 19th century Russian intellectual and lawyer<ref>[[Jacob Pavlovich Adler|Adler, Jacob]], ''A Life on the Stage: A Memoir'', translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 0-679-41351-0. p. 200.</ref> |
|||
* [[Fanny Lewald]] - German author<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Sarah-Theodora|Tsaritsa Theodora of Bulgaria]] - Wife of tsar [[Ivan Alexander]], tsaritsa in the late [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] |
|||
* [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]]- Cardinal, former Archbishop of Paris <ref>Duquin, Lorene Hanley, ''A Century of Catholic Converts'', Our Sunday Visitor: Huntington, Indiana, 2003, pp. 114-116.</ref> |
|||
* [[Heinrich Gustav Magnus]] - German chemist and physicist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Ludwig Immanuel Magnus]] - German mathematician<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Gustav Mahler]] - Composer (1860–1911)<ref>[[Gustav Mahler#Growing reputation|Wikipedia Entry]]</ref> |
|||
* [[Hugh Montefiore]] - [[Anglican]] Bishop of Birmingham from 1977 to 1987 |
|||
* [[Robert Moses]] - politician and "master builder" of 20th century New York City |
|||
* [[Felix Mendelssohn]] - composer (1809–1847)<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Karl Friedrich Neumann]] - German orientalist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Robert Novak]] - Raised in [[secular Jewish culture]],<ref name=terry>{{citenews|author=[[Terry Teachout]]|work=[[Commentary Magazine]]|date=August 18, 2009| accessdate=August 18, 2009|url=http://www.commentarymagazine.com/blogs/index.php/teachout/76412|title=Robert Novak's Memoir}}</ref> he converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his prolific career as a journalist, columnist, and political commentator.<ref>{{citenews|title=The Conversion of Bob Novak|date=June 1, 2003|work=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|The Washingtonian]]|first=Barbara|last=Matuswo|accessdate=August 20, 2009|url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/4730.html}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Harry Frederick Oppenheimer]] - South African businessman<ref>[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_jewish_anglicans.html ''Famous Jewish Anglicans'']</ref> |
|||
* [[Francis Palgrave]] - English historian<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Corey Pavin]] - [[Professional Golfers Association of America|PGA]] golfer<ref>[http://bpsports.net/bpsports.asp?ID=5477 BPSports.net - U.S. team at Ryder Cup led by believers in Jesus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Johannes Pfefferkorn]] - German theologian and writer<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Friedrich Adolf Philippi]] - German Lutheran theologian<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Howard Phillips (politician)|Howard Phillips]] - Prominent American conservative leader and former presidential candidate |
|||
* [[Lorenzo Da Ponte]] - Italian librettist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Harry Reems]] - Adult film actor.<ref>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,1487624,00.html The Observer]</ref> |
|||
* [[David Ricardo]] - English political economist<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Hyman Rickover]] - a former admiral in USA navy |
|||
* [[Gillian Rose]] - British philosopher and sociologist<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0411/is_n4_v46/ai_20583585 | work=Judaism | title=The tragedy of Gillian Rose - Jewish social critic | year=1997}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Moishe Rosen]] — Founder of [[Jews for Jesus]]<ref>Online Bio at http://www.jewsforjesus.org/about/headquarters/moishe</ref> |
|||
* [[Anton Rubinstein]] — Russian pianist, composer, and conductor<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky]] — Episcopal Bishop of Shanghai, founder of [[Saint John's University, Shanghai]], bible translator<ref>Moffett, Samuel Hugh, ''History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. 2: 1500-1900'', Orbis Books: Maryknoll, New York, 2005, pg. 476.</ref> |
|||
* [[Martin Eduard von Simson]] — German jurist and politician<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Dan Spitz]] - lead guitarist of the [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Anthrax (band)|Anthrax]]<ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/9/story_995_1.html Beliefnet.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Friedrich Julius Stahl]] — [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] jurist and conservative thinker<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Edith Stein]] - Nun, martyr, saint.<ref>Garcia, Laura. "Edith Stein — Convert, Nun, Martyr." Crisis 15, no. 6 (June 1997): 32-35</ref> |
|||
* [[Siegbert Tarrasch]] — Challenger for the [[World Chess Championship]] <ref>[http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter55.html#5997._Tarraschs_religion Chess Notes 5997] by [[Edward Winter (chess historian)]]</ref> |
|||
* [[Mordechai Vanunu]] — considered a whistle-blower on Israel's nuclear programme who was subsequently kidnapped, tried and imprisoned by Israel.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1351324,00.html Long walk to freedom]. The Guardian.</ref> |
|||
* [[Rahel Varnhagen]] (born Rahel Levin) - writer and saloniste<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,2763,1351324,00.html Long walk to freedom]</ref> |
|||
* [[Simone Weil]] — French philosopher and activist <ref>>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/questionofgod/voices/weil.html]</ref> |
|||
* [[Otto Weininger]] — Austrian philosopher<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=iTOzhZ5MElYC&pg=PR12&lpg=PR12&dq=%22otto+weininger%22+convert+christianity&source=web&ots=VsFoguGI9b&sig=NBDFQtNxMW_B3jjehp3sMxCXY7w]</ref> |
|||
* [[Joseph Wolff]] — German missionary<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[Morris Ximemes|Sir Moses Ximenes]] — 18th century English merchant<ref name="jewishencyclopediaC"/> |
|||
* [[David Levy Yulee]] - [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[Florida]]<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/yulee.html David Levy Yulee<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
*[[Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.]] - American actor<ref>[http://www.tbn.org/about/newsletter/index.php/669.html Trinity Broadcasting Network Interview]</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954525,00.html Time on his involvement with PTL]</ref><ref>[http://www.gnfi.org/store/index.html "Good News for Israel" videos]</ref> |
|||
* [[Israel Zolli]] - former Chief [[Rabbi]] of Rome<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=1067 Catholic Culture : Missing Page Redirect<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Rastafari movement]]=== |
|||
* [[Judy Mowatt]] - Jamaican reggae singer <ref>http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608003963/Judy-Mowatt.html</ref> |
|||
* [[Papa San]] - Jamaican reggae singer <ref>http://194.154.164.100/~westbury@westburymusicltd.co.uk/4artisttrackdb/showarticle.php?id=86</ref> |
|||
==From [[Dharmic religions]]== |
|||
===From [[Buddhism]]=== |
|||
* [[David Yonggi Cho]] - [[Korea]]n Christian leader; Senior Pastor of the [[Yoido Full Gospel Church]].<ref>[http://english.fgtv.com/drcho/pro1.asp Profile of Rev. David Yonggi Cho]</ref> |
|||
* [[Mitsuo Fuchida]] - [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]] Captain noted for involvement in the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. He later became a Christian evangelist.<ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/newsletter/2001/jun01.html Christianity Today newsletter]</ref><ref>'''From Pearl Harbor to Calvary''' by Mitsuo Fuchida.</ref> |
|||
* [[Jaruvan Maintaka]] - Auditor-General of the Kingdom of Thailand<ref>[http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2005/05/29/headlines/data/headlines_17523472.html "God's on My Side" at nationmultimedia.com]</ref> |
|||
* [[Chieko N. Okazaki]] - [[Relief Society]] counselor (convert to [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]])<ref>[http://lds.org/portal/site/LDSOrg/menuitem.b12f9d18fae655bb69095bd3e44916a0/?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=57142150a447b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1 LDS.org]</ref> |
|||
* [[Talduwe Somarama]] - former Buddhist monk and assassin.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,827402,00.html Time Magazine]</ref> |
|||
*[[Charlie Soong]] - Chinese missionary<ref>[http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch9.html The Chinese Revolution and Chinese Communism]</ref> |
|||
* [[Paul Williams (British professor)|Paul Williams]] - a professor in Indian Religions at the [[University of Bristol]], England. Williams was a Buddhist for many years but has since converted to [[Roman Catholicism]].<ref>''Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies'' Edited and with a new introduction by Paul Williams (London: Routledge, 2005). Eight volumes. ISBN 978-0-415-33226-2</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Hinduism]]=== |
|||
* [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] - former CM of Andhra Pradesh. |
|||
*[[Tal Brooke]] (''former follower of [[Sathya Sai Baba]]'')- Christian apologist<ref>[http://www.scp-inc.org/president/index.php Spiritual Counterfeits Project page on Tal Brooke]</ref> |
|||
* [[Jayasudha]] - South Indian actress.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/13jaya.htm Rediff]</ref> |
|||
* [[Nagma]] - Former Bollywood Actress |
|||
* [[Sister Nirmala]] - succeeded [[Mother Teresa]] as [[Superior General]] of the [[Missionaries of Charity]] in March 1997.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9703/13/india.teresa/ "Indian-born nun to succeed Mother Teresa" at cnn.com]</ref> |
|||
* [[Pandita Ramabai]] - Indian Social Reformer<ref>[http://www.womenexcel.com/womenstudies/pandita.htm "Women Excel"]</ref> |
|||
* [[Krishna Pal]] - First Indian convert to Christianity due to the missionary activity of [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]]; Subsequently preached the gospel for 20 years, before his passing [http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/krishna_pal/krishna-pal.htm] |
|||
* [[Ramesh Ponuru]] - Writer and Editor for conservative magazine ''[[National Review]]'' <ref>[http://www.onpointradio.org/shows/2006/06/20060615_b_main.asp On Point : The Party of Death - The Party of Death<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]] - Great [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet [http://www.poetseers.org/the_great_poets/in/dutt/bio] |
|||
* [[Gnanendramohan Tagore]] - First Asian to be called to the [[Bar association|bar]] in England |
|||
* [[Krishna Mohan Banerjee]] - Prominent educator, linguist, and missionary |
|||
* [[Lal Behari Dey]] - Highly respected Bengali journalist and writer; author of the award-winning tract ''The falsity of the Hindu Religion'' |
|||
* [[Anak Agung Pandji Tisna]] - A novelist, writer, former king of Buleleng, Bali <ref>[http://www.buleleng.com/jatidiri.html A A Panji Tisna - His Life and Thought<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Rabi Maharaj]] - former Brahmin guru; Founder of East/West Gospel Ministries and bestselling author of ''Death of a Guru: A Remarkable True Story of one Man's Search for Truth''<ref>[[Rabi Maharaj|Maharaj, Rabi R.]] [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0890814341 ''Death of a Guru: A Remarkable True Story of one Man's Search for Truth''.]</ref> [http://www.leaderu.com/wri/pages/maharaj.html] |
|||
* [[Bobby Jindal]] - Current Louisiana governor<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/20/AR2007102000528.html?hpid=topnews?hpid=topnews |title=Jindal Wins Louisiana Race, Becomes First Indian American Governor |publisher=washingtonpost.com |date= October 21, 2007|accessdate=2009-10-05 | first=Peter | last=Whoriskey}}</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Sikhism]]=== |
|||
* [[Nikki Haley|Nimrata Nikki Randhawa Haley]] - Governor of South Carolina <ref>http://www.nikkihaley.com/truthinfacts/question-is-nikki-a-christian</ref> |
|||
* [[Bakht Singh]] - Indian Christian <ref>[http://www.brotherbakhtsingh.org/webtestimony.html Brother Bakht Singh Website<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Duleep Singh]] - [[Maharajah]] of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] (later re-initiated into Sikhism in 1886).<ref>[http://www.asht.info/Maharajah+Duleep+Singh.html Anglo Sikh Heritage Trail: Maharajah Duleep Singh.]</ref> |
|||
* [[Gurmit Singh]] – Singaporean actor of Indian, Chinese and Japanese descent known for his role in ''[[Phua Chu Kang]]'' as the title character. |
|||
* [[Sadhu Sundar Singh]] – Indian Christian <ref>[http://www.sadhusundarsingh.homestead.com/files/introduction.html A hindu sikh sadhu (Sundar Singh) met by Jesus Christ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
==From [[agnosticism]] or [[atheism]]== |
|||
*[[Steve Beren]] - former member of the [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)]] who became a Christian conservative politician.<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/opinion/2003184531_rams09.html Seattle Times] "In 1975, he threw off his atheism and became a Christian."</ref> |
|||
*[[Anders Borg]] - Sweden's [[Ministry of Finance (Sweden)|Minister for Finance]].<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118434936941966055.html?mod=home_we_banner_left ''Wall Street Journal'']</ref> |
|||
* [[Kirk Cameron]] - Actor, star of ''[[Growing Pains]]'' (former atheist)<ref>[http://www.boundless.org/2005/articles/a0001312.cfm Sin: An Honest Mistake?], by Kirk Cameron, ''Boundless Webzine''. From the introduction: "But much more noteworthy than his acting career was his conversion to Christianity. Kirk was not raised in a church-going home and described himself as a devout atheist from a very young age." (Accessed 13 June 2007)</ref> |
|||
* [[Bruce Cockburn]] - Canadian folk/rock guitarist and singer/songwriter. (former agnostic)<ref>"I was brought up as an agnostic... and when I first became a Christian in the Seventies I didn't really know what it was I'd adopted." [http://www.things.org/music/bruce_cockburn/articles/third_way.html Faith in Practice: Holding on to the Mystery of Love], by Bruce Cockburn as told to Cole Morton, ''Third Way'', September 1994, page 15. (Accessed 13 June 2007)</ref> |
|||
* [[Francis Collins (geneticist)|Francis Collins]] - physician-[[geneticist]], noted for his landmark discoveries of disease genes, and the director of the [[Human Genome Project|National Human Genome Research Institute]] (former atheist)<ref>"He converted from atheism to Christianity in his twenties after seeing how radically his patients' faith transformed their experience of suffering, and after reading several works by C. S. Lewis." [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/questionofgod/voices/collins.html The Question of God: Interview with Francis Collins], WGBH Educational Foundation, 2004 (Accessed 14 June 2007)</ref> |
|||
* [[Larry Flynt]] - American [[publisher]] and [[pornographer]]; briefly converted under the auspice of [[Ruth Carter Stapleton]].<ref>"[Stapleton and Flynt] formed a fast friendship, which resulted in Flynt's surprising and publicized conversion to Christianity." [http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9542114&page=2 Biography.com: Larry Flynt]</ref> |
|||
* [[Bo Giertz]] - Swedish Confessional Lutheran Bishop, theologian, and writer (former atheist).<ref>[Bo Giertz, [[The Hammer of God]],revised edition, XIII, Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis, 2005.</ref> |
|||
* [[Joy Gresham]] - American writer and wife of [[C. S. Lewis]] (former atheist)<ref>[http://www.rilstone.talktalk.net/cslfaq.htm#_Toc5085852]; [http://www.crossroad.to/Excerpts/books/lewis-chronology.htm]</ref> |
|||
*[[Anna Haycraft]] - Raised in [[Auguste Comte]]'s atheistic "church of humanity", but became a conservative Catholic in adulthood.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&targetRule=10&xml=/news/2005/03/10/db1001.xml Telegraph] "She reacted strongly against her parents' beliefs and became a Catholic at 19, because she 'no longer found it possible to disbelieve in God.'" (pg 2)</ref> |
|||
*[[Ignace Lepp]] - French psychiatrist whose parents were freethinkers and who joined the Communist party at age fifteen. He broke with the party in 1937 and eventually became a Catholic priest.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896909,00.html Time Magazine from July 19, 1963] "Lepp has the credentials to explain the mind of the atheist: he was one himself for 27 years."</ref> |
|||
*[[Elisabeth Leseur|Félix Leseur]] - Doctor turned priest. His conversion, in part, came by efforts of his wife who was declared a [[Servant of God]] by the Catholic Church.<ref>[http://www.catholic.net/rcc/Periodicals/Faith/0102-97/bio.html Catholic Net]</ref> |
|||
* [[Khang Khek Leu]] (also known as Comrade Duch) - Cambodian director of [[Phnom Penh]]'s infamous [[Tuol Sleng]] detention center<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990712/duch1.html "The Killer and the Pastor" article from Time.com]</ref> |
|||
* [[C. S. Lewis]] - Oxford professor and writer; well known for ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'' series, and for his apologetic ''[[Mere Christianity]]''.<ref name="Lewis, C.S">"Lewis lapsed into atheism in his teens but experienced a reconversion to Christianity in 1931." ''[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9048017 Lewis, C.S.]''. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 28, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online</ref> |
|||
*[[Shelley Lubben]] - former [[pornographic actor|pornographic actress]], current author and Executive Director of the [[Pink Cross Foundation]], anti-pornography activist.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/700club/guests/bios/shelley_lubben050506.aspx]</ref> |
|||
* [[Gabriel Marcel]] - French philosopher and playwright (former agnostic).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=bAJtz2O4E8sC&pg=PA269&lpg=PA269&dq=gabriel+marcel+convert+christianity&source=web&ots=Bv7wDLTnLS&sig=T9eN-sJ1RUk1nKRFHS9E3u169AA#PPA269,M1 John J. Drummond, Lester E. Embree. ''Phenomenological Approaches to Moral Philosophy: A Handbook'']; [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3777/is_200304/ai_n9235273 Sweetman, Brendan. ''Marcel and phenomenology: Can literature help philosophy?'']</ref> |
|||
* [[Norma McCorvey]] - "Jane Roe" in ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''<ref>http://www.theinterim.com/march98/18colleton.html</ref> |
|||
* [[Alister McGrath]] - Biochemist and Christian theologian. Founder of 'Scientific theology' and critic of [[Richard Dawkins]] in his book ''[[Dawkins' God: Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life]]'' <ref>[http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mcgrath/biography.html biography on official website]</ref> |
|||
* [[Czesław Miłosz]] - Nobel prize winning poet |
|||
* [[Nina Karin Monsen]] - a [[Norwegians|Norwegian]] [[moral philosophy|moral philosopher]] and author who grew up in a [[Humanism|humanist]] family, but later convert to [[Christianity]] through philosophic thinking.<ref>[http://idag.no/debatt-oppslag.php3?ID=17805 Norge IDAG - Monsen med bok om sin tro]</ref> |
|||
*[[Crissy Moran]] - former [[pornographic actor|pornographic actress]] and current anti-pornography activist.<ref>[http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/120307/lif_221825519.shtml]</ref> |
|||
*[[Lacey Mosley]] - Vocalist and lyricist for [[Alternative metal]] band [[Flyleaf]].<ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/teens/special/flyleaf.html Interview for Christianity Today]: I was so outspoken about not believing in God. I had real problems with Christians.]</ref> |
|||
* [[William Murray (author)|William J. Murray]] - author and son of atheist activist [[Madalyn Murray O'Hair]]<ref>[http://www.rfcnet.org/news/default.asp?action=detail&article=144 statement of William J. Murray]</ref> |
|||
* [[Bernard Nathanson]] Medical doctor who was a founding member of NARAL, later becoming a Pro-Life proponent.<ref>Nathanson, Bernand ''Aborting America'' (1981 Pinnacle Books)</ref> |
|||
*[[Marvin Olasky]] - former Marxist turned Christian conservative, he edits the Christian ''[[World (magazine)|World]]'' magazine.<ref>[http://www.boundless.org/1999/features/a0000097.html Marxism and Me by Marvin Olasky]: My communism was based on atheism, and when I could no longer be an atheist, I resigned from the party.</ref><ref>[http://www.creators.com/opinion/marvin-olasky-about.html Creators Syndicate Profile]</ref> |
|||
*[[George R. Price]] - Geneticist who became an [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Christian]] and wrote about the [[New Testament]]. Later he moderated his evangelistic tendencies and switched from religious writing to working with the homeless.<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:ke0BNb4bV6UJ:wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/gjaeger/slidesGiC.pdf+%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=4 University of Bielefeld]</ref><ref>[http://www.gametheory.net/News/Items/009.html ''Chronicle of Higher Education'' article obituary (Copied by Gametheory.net)] has the following "Because George was a fire-spitting atheist and Julia a devout Christian, their relationship was contentious from the beginning. After eight years, the marriage ended in acrimony." "On June 7 [1970] I gave in and admitted that God existed", he explained to friends.</ref> |
|||
*[[Anne Rice]] - author of ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]''<ref>[http://www.ctlibrary.com/ct/2005/december/11.50.html Interview with a Penitent from ''Christianity Today'']</ref> |
|||
*[[Cicely Saunders|Dame Cicely Saunders]] - [[Templeton Prize]] and [[Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize]] winning nurse known for [[palliative care]]. She converted to Christianity as a young woman.<ref>[http://google.com/search?q=cache:0F2Yj0XdD3QJ:chsd.uow.edu.au/Publications/2003_pubs/Ian%2520CCP%2520Workshop.pdf+%22cicely+saunders%22+atheism&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=us Article from the University of Wollongong]</ref> |
|||
*[[Edith Stein]] - [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|Phenomenologist]] philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a [[Discalced Carmelite]] nun; declared a saint by [[John Paul II]].<ref>[http://www.press.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/231663.ctl University of Chicago] "made a spiritual journey from atheism to agnosticism before eventually converting to Catholicism"</ref> |
|||
*[[Peter Steele]] - Lead singer of [[Type O Negative]].<ref>[http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/apr2007/typeonegative.aspx Decibel Magazine]</ref> |
|||
* [[Lee Strobel]] - [[Author]] of ''[[The Case for Christ]]'' (former atheist)<ref>[http://www.leestrobel.com/bio.html Strobel's official website calls him an "Atheist-turned-Christian."]</ref> |
|||
* [[Allen Tate]] - American poet, essayist and social commentator, and [[Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress]].<ref>"...he was an atheist arguing for religious values, a man writing an essay on religion 'in a spirit of irreligion.'... He would not convert to Catholicism for two decades, but his need for religious authority was acute even in 1930." ''Allen Tate: Orphan of the South'', p. 167, biographer Thomas A. Underwood, Princeton University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-691-06950-6</ref> |
|||
* [[Evelyn Waugh]] - British writer (former agnostic).<ref>"He was conspicuously bohemian and agnostic..." "Waugh's Catholicism is an organic part of this oneness. In 1930 he was converted..." [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804786-5,00.html]</ref> |
|||
*[[Fay Weldon]] - British novelist and feminist.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/Story/0,,1865034,00.html ''The Guardian''] Quote: Even though she was raised an atheist, in the past three or four years she has been going to church. In her eighth decade, she has even submitted to being baptised.</ref> |
|||
* [[Monty White]] - British [[Young Earth Creationist]] (former atheist)<ref>"At that time, I was an atheist." "...I was converted as I repented of my sins and asked God to accept me in Christ." [http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/articles/article_print.php?118 My Spiritual Pilgrimage from Theistic Evolution to Creationism by Monty White]</ref> |
|||
*[[John C. Wright (author)|John C. Wright]] - Science fiction author.<ref>[http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/john-c-wright.html Advocates for self-government (A Libertarian site)] says of him "A lifelong 'vehement, argumentative, proselytizing atheist,' Wright suffered a heart attack in 2003 and soon afterwards had a 'supernatural' religious experience that made him, he wrote, 'aware of a spiritual dimension of reality of which I had hitherto been unaware... I was altered down to the root of my being.' Wright is now a Christian.</ref> |
|||
*[[Nicko McBrain]] - Michael Henry best known as "Nicko" McBrain, drummer for Iron Maiden heavy metal band. |
|||
---- |
|||
== Other == |
|||
===From [[Cao Dai]]=== |
|||
* [[Phan Thị Kim Phúc]] - Subject of a [[Pulitzer Prize]] winning photograph by [[Huynh Cong Ut|"Nick" Ut]],<ref>[http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/na.cgi?nationalupdates/011127girl Canadian Christianity.com]</ref> she now heads a fund for children victims of war.<ref>[http://www.kimfoundation.com/en/index.htm Kim Foundation]</ref> |
|||
===From [[Confucianism]] or traditional Chinese/East Asian religions=== |
|||
Note: It is debated whether Confucianism is a religion and some Confucians who became Christians considered themselves to remain Confucian in philosophy. |
|||
* [[Hong Sa-ik]] - a Korean-Japanese World War II General who was executed for war crimes after the war.<ref name="Kim">{{cite journal|author=Kim, Young-Sik, Ph.D.|title=The US-Korea relations: 1910–1945: A brief history of the US-Korea relations prior to 1945|publisher=Association for Asian Research|url=http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1624.html|year=2003|accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Heup Young Kim]] - Theologian and member of the [[International Society for Science and Religion]]<ref name="Interview">[http://www.eons.com/money/feature/careercenter/flight-plan-change-from-space-to-heaven/3176 Interview] "I had a religious conversion and became a Christian. Before I followed Confucianism"</ref> |
|||
*[[Nakamura Masanao]] - Member of the [[Meirokusha]] who was baptized, largely retained the Confucian ideals that were compatible with Christianity.<ref name="ndl.go.jp">[http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/305.html Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures]</ref> |
|||
*[[Xi Shengmo]] - Chinese Christian leader.<ref name="books.google.com">[http://books.google.com/books?id=UkoaAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA165&dq=pastor+hsi&as_brr=1#PPA167,M1 One of China's Scholars: The Culture & Conversion of a Confucianist]</ref> |
|||
* [[Hong Sa-ik]] - a Korean-Japanese World War II General who was executed for war crimes after the war.<ref name="Kim"/> |
|||
*[[Heup Young Kim]] - Theologian and member of the [[International Society for Science and Religion]]<ref name="Interview"/> |
|||
*[[Nakamura Masanao]] - Member of the [[Meirokusha]] who was baptized, largely retained the Confucian ideals that were compatible with Christianity.<ref name="ndl.go.jp"/> |
|||
*[[Xi Shengmo]] - Chinese Christian leader.<ref name="books.google.com"/> |
|||
===From [[Paganism]]=== |
|||
[[Paganism]] is a term which, from a [[Western world|Western]] perspective, has come to connote a broad set of [[spiritualism|spiritual]] or [[ritual|cultic]] practices or beliefs of any [[folk religion]], and of historical and contemporary [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religions in particular. |
|||
While the term has historically been used to denote adherents of any non-[[Abrahamic faith]], for the purposes of this list, only adherents of non-major [[polytheism|polytheistic]], [[shamanism|shamanistic]], [[pantheism|pantheistic]], or [[animism|animistic]] religions will be listed in this section. |
|||
====British Isles/Celtic/Germanic (excluding Norse) paganism==== |
|||
* [[Aebbe the Elder]] - Scottish monastic founder.<ref>[http://www.olotrosarypeterlee.co.uk/Northernsaints.html The Northern Saints<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Alban]] - first Christian martyr in Britain.<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainta34.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Alban<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Cenwalh of Wessex]] - [[King of Wessex]].<ref>Bede, ''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'', Book III, chapter 7.</ref> |
|||
* [[Constantine of Cornwall]] - 6th century king of Dumnonia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
|||
* [[Saint Constantine of Strathclyde]] - King of [[Strathclyde]], and later abbot of [[Rahan]].<ref>[http://www.britannia.com/bios/ebk/constsc.html Britannia EBK Biographies: St. Constantine, King of Strathclyde<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Cynegils]] - [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] king of the [[West Saxons]].<ref>[http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/cynegils.html Berkshire History: Biographies: St. Abban of Abingdon<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Raedwald of East Anglia]] - [[King of East Anglia]] from about AD 599 to about AD 625.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062445/Raedwald Raedwald - Britannica Online Encyclopedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Sigeberht of East Anglia]] - [[King of East Anglia]] from AD 631 to 634.<ref>D.H. Farmer, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' (Oxford 1978). ISBN 0-19-282038-9.</ref> |
|||
* [[Riderch I of Alt Clut|Riderch Hael]] - King of [[Strathclyde]] who established the first See of Strathclyde at [[Glasgow]].<ref>[http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/2/ha2rh.htm]</ref> |
|||
* [[Ethelbert of Kent]] - [[Kings of Kent|King]] of [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05553b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Ethelbert (King of Kent)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Clovis I]] - early king of the Franks.<ref>[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9024458/Clovis-I]</ref> |
|||
* [[Peada of Mercia]] - King of southern [[Mercia]]; helped found the [[monastery]] at [[Peterborough]].<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16790/16790-8.txt Allen, Grant. ''"Anglo-Saxon Britain"''.]</ref> |
|||
* [[Leonard of Noblac]] - Frankish noble in the court of [[Clovis I]].<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintl09.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Leonard of Noblac<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Edwin of Northumbria]] - King of Deira and Bernicia.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} |
|||
* [[Rumwold of Buckingham|Rumwold]] - legendary "infant saint".<ref>[http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:HMjOx2oQulEJ:www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintr28.htm+Rumwold&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Bavo]] - Frankish eremitic monk who lived during the [[Middle Ages|Dark Ages]].<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=555 St. Bavo - Catholic Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
====Norse paganism==== |
|||
* [[Leif Ericson]] - [[Iceland]]ic [[Viking]] explorer.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/erikson_leif.shtml BBC - History - Leif Erikson (11th century)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Guthrum of East Anglia]] - King of the Danish Vikings in the [[Danelaw]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=iJIBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=%22guthrum+of+east+anglia%22+christian&source=web&ots=IYMKaWf-ch&sig=5hplEwTzH3mqD9fAv61YF9tPw50 Green, John Richard. ''"A short history of the English people"''.]</ref> |
|||
* [[Rollo of Normandy]] - Founder of Viking province of [[Normandy]].<ref>[http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/rollo000.htm Rollo of Normandy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Olaf]] - King of Norway.<ref>[http://www.viking.no/e/people/st.olav/index.html Olav Haraldsson<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Rorik of Dorestad]] - Danish Viking leader.<ref>[http://www.missgien.net/vikings/rorik.html Viking in the Netherlands<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
====Graeco-Roman Paganism==== |
|||
* [[Saint Apollonius]] - 2nd century Roman Senator, Christian apologist and martyr.<ref>[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0418.shtml Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of April 18<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Coelia Concordia]] - last Roman [[Vestal Virgin]].<ref>[http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/634992 Forum Romanum: the Temple of Vesta and the Vestal Virgins<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Commodianus]] - Latin poet; first practiced Judaism, and later converted to Christianity.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04165a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Commodianus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Constantine I]] (the Great) - [[Roman Emperor]] who legalized Christianity in the [[Edict of Milan]] in 313.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Constantine the Great<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Pertinax of Byzantium]] - Bishop of Byzantium from 169 until his death in 187.<ref>[http://www.ec-patr.eu/list/index.php?lang=en&id=15 Ecumenical Patriarchate<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Athenagoras of Athens]] - philosopher and early Christian apologist.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02042b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Athenagoras<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite]] - judge of the [[Areopagus]] and early Bishop of [[Athens]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05013a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Eustace]] - early Christian who was martyred, with his family, in a [[brazen bull]].<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainte17.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Eustachius<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Evodius]] - early Bishop of [[Antioch]] who (according to tradition) first called the disciples of Christ "Christians".<ref>[http://www.lumenverum.org/apologetics/EarlyChurchHistory/page18.html], [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3307]</ref> |
|||
* [[Gaius Marius Victorinus]] - Roman philosopher.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15414b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius Marius Victorinus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Honoratus]] - former [[Archbishop of Arles]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07451a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Honoratus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Pancras of Rome]] - early Roman Christian martyr.<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintp02.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Pancras<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Pantaleon|Saint Pantaleon (Panteleimon)]] - early Christian physician and martyr.<ref>[http://www.itmonline.org/bodytheology/stpant.htm Body Theology - St. Panteleimon<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Cyriacus]] - early Christian saint.<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc8p.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Cyriacus<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Julius the Veteran]] - early Christian martyr.<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintjer.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Julius the Veteran<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Sabinian of Troyes]] - Christian martyr.<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saints28.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Sabinian of Troyes<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Tertullian]] - Author and apologist; coined the Latin term for 'Trinity.' |
|||
* [[Lactantius]] - early Christian author.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Theophilus of Antioch]] - early [[Patriarch of Antioch]].<ref>''Apologia ad Autolycum i. 14, ii. 24.''</ref> |
|||
* [[Justin Martyr]] - early Christian apologist.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08580c.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Justin Martyr<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Polycarp]] - early Christian bishop.<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc09/htm/iv.iii.xv.htm], [http://ecole.evansville.edu/glossary/polycarp.html]</ref> |
|||
====Egyptian paganism==== |
|||
* [[Horapollo]] - leader of the few remaining pagan schools of [[Menouthis]] during Emperor [[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]]'s reign (474-491) who converted to Christianity after being tortured.<ref>[http://www.studiolum.com/en/cd08-horapollo.htm Studiolum]</ref> |
|||
====Mideastern and Arabian paganism==== |
|||
*[[Waraqah ibn Nawfal]] - Parental cousin of [[Khadija]], [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad's]] first wife.<ref>Reading Islam.com: [http://www.readingislam.com/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1189959466154&pagename=Zone-English-Discover_Islam%2FDIELayout What Really Happened Up There?]</ref> |
|||
* [[Rabbula]] - early Bishop of [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9062350]</ref> |
|||
====African traditional religions==== |
|||
* [[Charles Atangana]] - [[paramount chief]] of the [[Beti-Pahuin|Ewondo and Bane]] ethnic groups in [[Cameroon]]; first Ewondo to be baptised.<ref>[http://www.bonaberi.com/article.php?aid=7 Bonaberi.com: A la découverte de Charles Atangana<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Francis Arinze]] - [[Nigeria]]n [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]].<ref>''God's Invisible Hand: The Life and Work of Francis Cardinal Arinze'', an Interview with Gerard O'Connell, pp. 12–21 (Ignatius Press, 2006) ISBN 978-1-58617-135-3</ref> |
|||
* [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] - first President of [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. |
|||
* [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]] - first African [[Anglican]] bishop in [[Nigeria]].<ref>[http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/legacy_crowther.html Crowther, Samuel Ajayi, Nigeria, Anglican<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Jomo Kenyatta]] - first Prime Minister and President of [[Kenya]].<ref>[http://www.africawithin.com/kenyatta/kenyatta_bio.htm Jomo Kenyatta<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Bernard Mizeki]] - African Christian [[Mission (Christian)|missionary]] and [[martyr]].<ref>[http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/188.html Bernard Mizeki, Catechist and Martyr in Africa<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba]] - Queen of [[Ndongo]] and [[Matamba]] in the 16th century.<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pwmn_2/hd_pwmn_2.htm], [http://womenshistory.about.com/od/medrenqueens/p/nzinga.htm]</ref> |
|||
* [[Ranavalona II of Madagascar|Ranavalona II]] - Queen of [[Madagascar]].<ref>[http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/02/daily-02-21-2002.shtml February 21: Ranavalona II; Christian History Institute<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Joseph Shabalala]] - lead singer, founder and musical director of [[Ladysmith Black Mambazo]].<ref>[http://www.rockpaperscissors.biz/index.cfm/fuseaction/current.articles_detail/project_id/122/article_id/2285.cfm Rock Paper Scissors - Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Raise Your Spirit Higher (Heads Up) - Concert Preview<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
====North American or Inuit==== |
|||
* [[Gelelemend]] - A prominent [[Lenape]] convert to the [[Moravian Church]]. |
|||
* [[Samson Occom]] - [[Mohegan]] minister.<ref>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/samsonoccom.htm Samson Occom, Christian Convert<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Pocahontas]] - [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] celebrity in 17th century London.<ref>[http://www.apva.org/history/pocahont.html Pocahontas<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Helen Kalvak]] - [[Inuit]] artist from [[Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories]], Canada.<ref>[http://www.carleton.ca/gallery/Creature/Bios.html]</ref> |
|||
====New Zealand and Pacific Islands traditional religions==== |
|||
* [[Hone Heke]] - [[Māori people|Māori]] chief and war leader in New Zealand.<ref>[http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/nz/1845/biographies.htm Biographies<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Ka'ahumanu|Queen Ka{{okina}}ahumanu]] - [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Hawaiian monarch]], wife of [[Kamehameha I]].<ref>[http://www.coffeetimes.com/july98.htm The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom - Hawaiian Queen Ka'ahumanu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Tāmati Wāka Nene]] - [[Māori people|Māori]] chief who fought as an ally of the British in the [[Flagstaff War]].<ref>[http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=1N2 Dictionary Of New Zealand Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
====European paganism (generic)==== |
|||
* [[Saint Barbara]] - Orthodox Christian martyr.<ref name="Holweck"/> |
|||
====Eastern European/ Slavic paganism==== |
|||
* [[Borivoj I of Bohemia]] - Duke of Bohemia (852/853 - 888/889).<ref>[http://comrade280.tripod.com/fam1659.html Borivoj I (Borivorius I) Duke of Bohemia\ Saint Ludmila<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Boris I of Bulgaria]] - [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] ruler and monk.<ref>[http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/EastEurope/BulgarEmp1.html Untitled Document<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Saint Ludmila]] - Orthodox Christian saint and martyr.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09416a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Ludmilla<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Jogaila]] - former [[King of Poland]] and Duke of Lithuania.<ref>[http://www.lituanus.org/1987/87_4_04.htm Jogaila (1350-1434)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Vladimir I of Kiev]] - [[Grand Prince of Kiev]].<ref>[http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintv09.htm Patron Saints Index: Saint Vladimir I of Kiev<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, the Baptiser of Russian Lands, Equal to Apostles |
|||
===From [[Manichaeism]]=== |
|||
* [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine of Hippo]]<ref>[http://www.fictionwise.com/eBooks/SaintAugustineeBooks.htm]; [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/herbermann/cathen02.html?term=St.%20Augustine%20of%20Hippo]</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Zoroastrianism]]=== |
|||
*[[Mar Abba I]], [[Metropolitan bishop]] and [[saint]] of the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]<ref name="Holweck"/> |
|||
---- |
|||
===From [[Satanism]]=== |
|||
* [[Bartolo Longo]] - Italian satanic priest who converted to [[Catholicism]], became a lay [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] and founded a lay prayer society. On October 26, 1980 he was beatified by [[Pope John Paul II]], who called him the "Apostle of the Rosary" and mentioned him specifically in his encyclical letter "Rosarium Virginis Mariae" (The Rosary of the Virgin Mary). |
|||
* [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] - American serial killer and cannibal. Dahmer dabbled in Satanism before his arrest,<ref>[http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/12.html Jeffrey Dahmer - Serial killer & Cannibal 12]</ref> but later converted to Christianity while in prison.<ref>[http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/dahmer/22.html Jeffrey Dahmer - Serial killer & Cannibal 22]</ref> |
|||
* [[Sean Sellers]] - American murderer.<ref name="Executed">Clay and Thornton, "Sellers Executed For 3 Murders", ''The Daily Oklahoman'', February 4, 1999.</ref> |
|||
---- |
|||
===Undetermined former religion=== |
|||
* [[Jin Au-Yeung]] - a [[Chinese-American]] hip hop [[rapper]], songwriter and actor. Became a [[Born again (Christianity)|born again Christian]] in 2008.<ref>http://www.allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2009/09/03/21923200.aspx</ref> |
|||
* [[Spencer Chamberlain]] - Lead vocalist of the [[Christian]] [[metalcore]] band [[Underoath]], was not raised in a religious home.<ref>[http://underoathfan94.buzznet.com/user/journal/620461/ The best interview ever with the lead men of UnderOath Norma Jean As I Lay Dying - Buzznet<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
* [[Tony Fontane]] - popular recording artist in the 1940s and 1950s<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=3FofrOJE3CIC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=tony+fontane+conversion+christianity&source=web&ots=lzb7tozcC-&sig=IFdttBxjuwwKkkk1VVdfdrL034Y#PPA139,M1 Wonderful Words of Life: Hymns in American Protestant History and Theology] By Richard J. Mouw, Mark A. Noll (Accessed 14 June 2007)</ref> |
|||
* [[René Girard]] - [[philosophical anthropology|philosophical anthropologist]]<ref>"In the winter of 1959 [René Girard] experienced a conversion to Christian faith which had been preceded by a kind of intellectual conversion while he was working on his first book." [http://www.uibk.ac.at/theol/cover/girard_biography.html René Girard:A Biographical Sketch, by James G. Williams]</ref> |
|||
*[[Brian Welch]] - former [[Korn]] guitarist |
|||
*[[Neal Morse]] - Progressive rock musician |
|||
*[[Nicko McBrain]] - [[Iron Maiden]] drummer. |
|||
*[[Alice Cooper]] |
|||
<!-- Do not add forced conversions, add the appropriate people to their section, and don't use biased sources, such as Richard Dawkins as a primary source, geocities sites, assumptions, etc. If they are a forced convert with a reliable, unbiased third party source backing it - add it to the description in their respection part in whichever section they belong to. --> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[List of people by belief]] |
|||
* [[List of Catholic converts]] |
|||
* [[List of converts to Hinduism]] |
|||
* [[List of converts to Islam]] |
|||
* [[List of converts to Buddhism]] |
|||
* [[List of converts to Judaism]] |
|||
* [[List of converts to Sikhism]] |
|||
* [[List of former Christians]] |
|||
* [[List of former Muslims]] |
|||
==Notes and references== |
|||
<div class="reflist4" style="height: 300px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px noprint" > |
|||
{{Reflist|3}} |
|||
</div> |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:People Who Converted To Christianity}} |
|||
[[Category:Converts to Christianity| ]] |
|||
[[Category:Lists of religious converts|Christianity, to]] |
|||
[[Category:Lists of Christians|Converts]] |
|||
[[Category:Christianity-related lists|Converts, to]] |
|||
<!-- interwiki --> |
|||
[[ar:ملحق:قائمة الشخصيات التي اعتنقت المسيحية]] |
|||
[[arz:لسته المتحولين للمسيحية]] |
|||
[[nl:Lijst van bekeerlingen tot het christendom]] |
|||
Revision as of 11:53, 15 March 2012
 | This article has an unclear citation style. (September 2009) |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2012) |
Template:Converts to Christianity The following is a list of notable people who converted to Christianity from a different religion or no religion. This article addresses only past voluntary professions of faith by the individuals listed, and is not intended to address ethnic, cultural, or other considerations such as Marriage. Certain people listed here may be lapsed or former converts, or their current religious identity may be ambiguous, uncertain or disputed. Such cases are noted in their list entries.
From Abrahamic religions
From Islam
A
- Aslan Abashidze - leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia. Abashidze was born into a renowned Muslim Ajarian family, a branch of the Abashidze princely house.
- Ibrahim Abdullah - American former PLO terrorist.[6]
- Abo of Tiflis - Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.[1]
- Taysir Abu Saada - a former member of the PLO and the founder of the christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to christianity. He was Yasir Arafat's personal driver.[7][8]
- Abraham of Bulgaria - Martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.[9]
- Rotimi Adebari - a Nigerian-born Irish politician and the first black mayor in Ireland.
- St. Adolphus - Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[10]
- Mehmet Ali Ağca - Turkish born who attempt to murder Pope John Paul II in 1981. He became a Catholic during his time in prison.
- Al-Mu'eiyyad - Abbasid prince and third son of Abbasid caliph, Al-Mutawakkil. He was converted to Christianity along with his three confidants by St. Theodore of Edessa, accepting the name "John" upon baptism.[11][12]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham - last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.[13]
- Ibrahim Ben Ali - a soldier, physician and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.
- Magdi Allam (baptized as Magdi Cristiano Allam) - Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.[4]
- Zachariah Anani - former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter [14]
- Hussain Andaryas - Afghan Christian activist and tele-evangelist.[15]
- Matthew Ashimolowo - Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.[16]
- Aurelius and Natalia - Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[17]
- Maria Aurora of Spiegel - born as Fatima, mistress of Augustus II of Saxony
- Johannes Avetaranian - (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendant of Prophet Muhammad.[18]
B
- Josephine Bakhita - Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan.[19]
- Sarah Balabagan - a Filipina prisoner in the United Arab Emirates during 1994 - 96 whose case caused a good deal of controversy.
- Fathima Rifqa Bary - a young woman of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when, at age 16, she ran away from her Ohio home saying that her Muslim parents are going to kill her for becoming a Christian.
- Sheikh Ahmed Barzani - Head of Barzani Tribe in Iraqi Kurdistan and older brother of Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish nationalist leader. He announced his conversion to Christianity in 1931 during the anti-government uprising.[20]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich - Khan of Qasim Khanate.[21]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky - Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.[22]
- Francis Bok - Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.[23]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa - Central African Republic Emperor (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[24]
- Dr.Thomas Yayi Boni - President of Benin.[25]
- Sayed Borhan khan - Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.[21]
- Bilquis Sheikh- was a prominent member of a noble Muslim Hayat Khattar family from Pakistan and wife of then Minister of Interior Lt Gen Khalid Masud Sheikh. She is known for her high-profile conversion from Islam to Christianity.
C
- Casilda of Toledo - venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church. According to her legend, St. Casilda, a daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo (called Almacrin or Almamun), showed special kindness to Christian prisoners by carrying bread hidden in her clothes to feed them.
- George XI of Kartli - ruled Kartli, eastern Georgia.
- Djibril Cissé - French soccer player of Ivorian descent.[26]
- Hansen Clarke - the U.S. Representative for Michigan's 13th congressional district.[27]
- Eldridge Cleaver - Author, prominent American civil rights leader, and key member of the Black Panther Party. He converted to Mormonism.[28][29]
- Constantine the African - Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.[30][31]
D
- Nonie Darwish - Egyptian American writer and public speaker.[2]
- Sedar Dedeoglu - a Turk who claims to be a descendant of Islam's prophet Muhammad has converted to Christianity while living in Germany.[32]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti - Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.[33]
- Mehdi Dibaj - Iranian pastor and Christian activist.[34]
- Momolu Dukuly - politician in Liberia. He left Islam and embraced Christianity before he became foreign minister [34].
E
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad - an Egyptian former Muslim sheikh. For more than 20 years, el-Akkad was a member of the fundamentalist Islamic group Da'wa el Tabligh, which actively proselytized non-Muslims but strictly opposed violence. He also led a mosque community in Al-Haram, in the Giza area adjacent to Cairo. In 1994, he published, Islam: the Religion, a 500-page book reviewing the traditional beliefs and dogmas of Islam. He late became disillusioned with Islam and began to question certain Islamic tenets. A theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian Scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005.[citation needed]
- Estevanico - Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.[35]
- Gulshan Esther - Pakistani convert from Islam to Christianity.[36]
F
- Donald Fareed - Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.[37]
- Jacob Frank - 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi, and also of King David. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as Frankism.[38]
G
- Mark A. Gabriel- Egyptian Islamic scholar and writer[39]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross- Counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).[40][41]
- Akbar Gbaja-Biamila - American football player.[3][42]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila - an American football defensive end who was drafted by the Green Bay Packers and is currently a free agent.
- Ruffa Gutierrez - Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[43]
H
- Umar ibn Hafsun - Leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.[44]
- Naveed Afzal Haq - Pakistani American charged for the July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting. He converted to Christianity in December, 2005 but reverted to Islam by the time of the shooting.[45]
- Mohammed Hegazy - First Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government. Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat August 11,[46]
- Aben Humeya - (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.[47]
I
- Tunch Ilkin - former American football player.[48]
- Qadry Ismail - former American football player.[49]
- Raghib Ismail - former American football player.[50]
J
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh - Brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Prophet Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[51]
- Esther John - a Pakistani Christian nurse.[52] She is counted in ten most famous Christian martyrs of the present day.
- Lina Joy - Malaysian convert to Christianity. The desire to have her conversion recognized was the subject of a court case in Malaysia.[53]
- Don Juan of Persia - a late 16th and early 17th century figure in Iran and Spain. He settled in Spain where he became a Roman Catholic.
K
- Alexander Kazembek - Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .[54]
- Mathieu Kérékou- President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[55]
- Kitty Kirkpatrick - born in India and brought up as Shia Muslim.
- Emir Kusturica - Bosnian Serb filmmaker and actor.[56][57]
L
- Imad ud-din Lahiz - Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Qur'anic translator.[58]
- Fernão Lopez - first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
- Dr. Nur Luke - Uyghur Bible translator.[59]
M
- Fadhma Aït Mansour - Mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.[60]
- Sake Dean Mahomed - an Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.
- Josef Mässrur - (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.[61]
- Carlos Menem - former President of Argentina. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, a constitutional requirement for accessing the presidency until 1994.[62]
- St. George El Mozahem - A coptic saint[63][64][65]
- Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan - was the last khan of Kazan Khanate (1552).
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan - Last khan of Kazan Khanate.[21]
- Muhsin Muhammad - current American football player for the Carolina Panthers, raised in a Muslim household, later converted to Christianity.[66]
- Paul Mulla - Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.[67]
N
- Marina Nemat - Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.[68]
- Nunilo and Alodia - a pair of child martyrs from Huesca. Born of a mixed marriage, they eschewed the Islam of their father in favour of their mother's Christianity.
O
- Malika Oufkir - Moroccan writer, daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir, and former prisoner of King Hassan II of Morocco.
P
- Shams Pahlavi - Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.[69]
- Hamid Pourmand - former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.[70]
R
- Abdul Rahman - Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.[71]
- Stefan Razvan - Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.[72]
- Emily Ruete - (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.[73][74][75]
- Ibrahim Rugova - an Albanian politician who was the first President of Kosovo and of its leading political party, the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) is rumored to have converted to Christianity just before his death in January 2006.[76]
S
- Nazli Sabri - Queen consort of Egypt.[77][78]
- Begum Samru - Powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.[79]
- James Scurry - a British soldier and statesman.
- Mohamed Alí Seineldín - a former Argentine army colonel who participated in two failed coup attempts against the democratically elected governments of both President Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem in 1988 and 1990.[80]
- Hakeem Seriki (AKA Chamillionaire) - American rapper[81][82]
- The Sibirsky family - The foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.[83]
- The Shihab family - prominent Lebanese noble family who originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century[84]
- Walid Shoebat - American author and former member of the PLO.[85]
- Nasir Siddiki - Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.[86]
- Amir Sjarifuddin - Indonesian socialist leader who later became the prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.[5]
- Skanderbeg - Albanian military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted back to Christianity later in life.[87]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin - Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.[88]
- Hossein Soodmand - executed for apostasy. Although born a Muslim, by 1989 Hossein had been a Christian for 25 years.
- Patrick Sookhdeo - British Anglican canon[89]
T
- Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal - Two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".[90]
- Maria Temryukovna - a Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on August 21, 1561.[91]
- Ghorban Tourani - former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.[92]
U
- Utameshgaray of Kazan - Khan of Kazan Khanate.[21]
W
- George Weah - Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[93]
Y
- Mosab Hassan Yousef - son of a Hamas leader.[94]
- Ramzi Yousef - Al Qaeda member and the main participant in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and The Bojinka plot.[95][96]
Z
- Zaida of Seville - a refugee Muslim princess who became queen of Alfonso VI of Castile.
- Saye Zerbo - President of the republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) [97]
From Judaism
The Jewish Encyclopedia gives some statistics on conversion of Jews to Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, and Orthodox Christianity (which it calls "Greek Catholicism").[98] Some 2,000 European Jews converted to Christianity every year during the 19th century, but in the 1890s the number was running closer to 3,000 per year, — 1,000 in Austria Hungary (Galizian Poland), 1,000 in Russia (Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Lithuania), 500 in Germany (Posen), and the remainder in the English world.
- The Apostle Paul - As a Pharisee (a Judaic leader), Saul of Tarsus was an enemy of the Church and a persecutor of its believers. A vision while traveling left him temporarily blind and led him to become one of the most prominent Christians (Act 9:5) and author of many New Testament epistles.[99]
- Abd-al-Masih (martyr) - a convert martyred for his faith [100]
- Michael Solomon Alexander - first Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem[101]
- Petrus Alphonsi - physician in ordinary to King Alfonso VI of Castile[102]
- Juan Alfonso de Baena - medieval Castilian troubadour[103]
- Lovisa Augusti- opera singer and actress.[104]
- Eduard Bendemann - German painter[105]
- Sir Julius Benedict - English composer[105]
- Leo de Benedicto Christiano - medieval financier[106]
- Theodor Benfey - German philologist[105]
- David Berkowitz - American serial killer [107]
- Michael Bernays - German professor of literature[105]
- Gottfried Bernhardy - German philologist and literary historian[105]
- Ludwig Börne - German political writer and satirist[105]
- John Braham - English tenor opera star[105]
- Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach - German jurist[105]
- Julius Friedrich Cohnheim - German pathologist[105]
- Isaac da Costa - Dutch language poet[105]
- Abraham Capadose - Dutch physician and writer; friend of Isaac da Costa[105]
- Carl Paul Caspari - Norwegian theologian[105]
- Jehuda Cresques - Catalan cartographer[108]
- Ferdinand David - German virtuoso violinist and composer[105]
- Ludwig Dessoir - German actor[105]
- Benjamin Disraeli - British Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party in the 19th century[109]
- Alfred Döblin - German expressionist novelist[110]
- Bob Dylan - popular musician who converted to Christianity in 1979.[111] He later began studying with Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism,[112] though his current religious affiliation is uncertain. See also information on Dylan's Conversion to Christianity, Born-again period and Religious beliefs.
- Alfred Edersheim - Biblical scholar[105]
- Rachel Felix - French-Swiss theatre actress[105]
- Pero Ferrús - Castilian poet[113]
- Achille Fould - French financier and politician[105]
- Jacob Frank - 18th century Jewish reformer[114]
- The Reverend Canon Dr Giles Fraser - Christian minister and former Canon Chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral
- Heinrich von Friedberg - German jurist and statesman[115]
- Ludwig Friedländer - German philologist[105]
- Eduard Gans - German philosopher and jurist, exponent of the conservative Right Hegelians[116]
- Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt - German astronomer and painter[105]
- Fritz Haber - German chemist and Nobel laureate[117]
- Heinrich Heine - German writer[105]
- Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle - German physician, pathologist and anatomist[105]
- Jorge Isaacs - Colombian writer, politician and soldier[118]
- Heinrich Jacoby - German educator[105]
- Georg Jellinek - German legal philosopher[119]
- Paul S. L. Johnson - American scholar and pastor[120]
- David Kalisch - German playwright and humorist[105]
- Felix Philipp Kanitz - Austro-Hungarian naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, archaeologist and author of travel notes[121]
- Andrew Klavan - filmmaker and novelist [122]
- Leopold Kronecker - German mathematician and logician[105]
- Hermann Lebert - German physician[105]
- Karl Lehrs - German classical scholar[123]
- Osip Mikhailovich Lerner - 19th century Russian intellectual and lawyer[124]
- Fanny Lewald - German author[105]
- Tsaritsa Theodora of Bulgaria - Wife of tsar Ivan Alexander, tsaritsa in the late Second Bulgarian Empire
- Jean-Marie Lustiger- Cardinal, former Archbishop of Paris [125]
- Heinrich Gustav Magnus - German chemist and physicist[105]
- Ludwig Immanuel Magnus - German mathematician[105]
- Gustav Mahler - Composer (1860–1911)[126]
- Hugh Montefiore - Anglican Bishop of Birmingham from 1977 to 1987
- Robert Moses - politician and "master builder" of 20th century New York City
- Felix Mendelssohn - composer (1809–1847)[105]
- Karl Friedrich Neumann - German orientalist[105]
- Robert Novak - Raised in secular Jewish culture,[127] he converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his prolific career as a journalist, columnist, and political commentator.[128]
- Harry Frederick Oppenheimer - South African businessman[129]
- Francis Palgrave - English historian[105]
- Corey Pavin - PGA golfer[130]
- Johannes Pfefferkorn - German theologian and writer[105]
- Friedrich Adolf Philippi - German Lutheran theologian[105]
- Howard Phillips - Prominent American conservative leader and former presidential candidate
- Lorenzo Da Ponte - Italian librettist[105]
- Harry Reems - Adult film actor.[131]
- David Ricardo - English political economist[105]
- Hyman Rickover - a former admiral in USA navy
- Gillian Rose - British philosopher and sociologist[132]
- Moishe Rosen — Founder of Jews for Jesus[133]
- Anton Rubinstein — Russian pianist, composer, and conductor[105]
- Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky — Episcopal Bishop of Shanghai, founder of Saint John's University, Shanghai, bible translator[134]
- Martin Eduard von Simson — German jurist and politician[105]
- Dan Spitz - lead guitarist of the heavy metal band Anthrax[135]
- Friedrich Julius Stahl — Prussian jurist and conservative thinker[105]
- Edith Stein - Nun, martyr, saint.[136]
- Siegbert Tarrasch — Challenger for the World Chess Championship [137]
- Mordechai Vanunu — considered a whistle-blower on Israel's nuclear programme who was subsequently kidnapped, tried and imprisoned by Israel.[138]
- Rahel Varnhagen (born Rahel Levin) - writer and saloniste[139]
- Simone Weil — French philosopher and activist [140]
- Otto Weininger — Austrian philosopher[141]
- Joseph Wolff — German missionary[105]
- Sir Moses Ximenes — 18th century English merchant[105]
- David Levy Yulee - United States Senator from Florida[142]
- Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. - American actor[143][144][145]
- Israel Zolli - former Chief Rabbi of Rome[146]
From Rastafari movement
- Judy Mowatt - Jamaican reggae singer [147]
- Papa San - Jamaican reggae singer [148]
From Dharmic religions
From Buddhism
- David Yonggi Cho - Korean Christian leader; Senior Pastor of the Yoido Full Gospel Church.[149]
- Mitsuo Fuchida - Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service Captain noted for involvement in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He later became a Christian evangelist.[150][151]
- Jaruvan Maintaka - Auditor-General of the Kingdom of Thailand[152]
- Chieko N. Okazaki - Relief Society counselor (convert to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)[153]
- Talduwe Somarama - former Buddhist monk and assassin.[154]
- Charlie Soong - Chinese missionary[155]
- Paul Williams - a professor in Indian Religions at the University of Bristol, England. Williams was a Buddhist for many years but has since converted to Roman Catholicism.[156]
From Hinduism
- Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy - former CM of Andhra Pradesh.
- Tal Brooke (former follower of Sathya Sai Baba)- Christian apologist[157]
- Jayasudha - South Indian actress.[158]
- Nagma - Former Bollywood Actress
- Sister Nirmala - succeeded Mother Teresa as Superior General of the Missionaries of Charity in March 1997.[159]
- Pandita Ramabai - Indian Social Reformer[160]
- Krishna Pal - First Indian convert to Christianity due to the missionary activity of William Carey; Subsequently preached the gospel for 20 years, before his passing [35]
- Ramesh Ponuru - Writer and Editor for conservative magazine National Review [161]
- Michael Madhusudan Dutt - Great Bengali poet [36]
- Gnanendramohan Tagore - First Asian to be called to the bar in England
- Krishna Mohan Banerjee - Prominent educator, linguist, and missionary
- Lal Behari Dey - Highly respected Bengali journalist and writer; author of the award-winning tract The falsity of the Hindu Religion
- Anak Agung Pandji Tisna - A novelist, writer, former king of Buleleng, Bali [162]
- Rabi Maharaj - former Brahmin guru; Founder of East/West Gospel Ministries and bestselling author of Death of a Guru: A Remarkable True Story of one Man's Search for Truth[163] [37]
- Bobby Jindal - Current Louisiana governor[164]
From Sikhism
- Nimrata Nikki Randhawa Haley - Governor of South Carolina [165]
- Bakht Singh - Indian Christian [166]
- Duleep Singh - Maharajah of Punjab (later re-initiated into Sikhism in 1886).[167]
- Gurmit Singh – Singaporean actor of Indian, Chinese and Japanese descent known for his role in Phua Chu Kang as the title character.
- Sadhu Sundar Singh – Indian Christian [168]
From agnosticism or atheism
- Steve Beren - former member of the Socialist Workers Party (United States) who became a Christian conservative politician.[169]
- Anders Borg - Sweden's Minister for Finance.[170]
- Kirk Cameron - Actor, star of Growing Pains (former atheist)[171]
- Bruce Cockburn - Canadian folk/rock guitarist and singer/songwriter. (former agnostic)[172]
- Francis Collins - physician-geneticist, noted for his landmark discoveries of disease genes, and the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (former atheist)[173]
- Larry Flynt - American publisher and pornographer; briefly converted under the auspice of Ruth Carter Stapleton.[174]
- Bo Giertz - Swedish Confessional Lutheran Bishop, theologian, and writer (former atheist).[175]
- Joy Gresham - American writer and wife of C. S. Lewis (former atheist)[176]
- Anna Haycraft - Raised in Auguste Comte's atheistic "church of humanity", but became a conservative Catholic in adulthood.[177]
- Ignace Lepp - French psychiatrist whose parents were freethinkers and who joined the Communist party at age fifteen. He broke with the party in 1937 and eventually became a Catholic priest.[178]
- Félix Leseur - Doctor turned priest. His conversion, in part, came by efforts of his wife who was declared a Servant of God by the Catholic Church.[179]
- Khang Khek Leu (also known as Comrade Duch) - Cambodian director of Phnom Penh's infamous Tuol Sleng detention center[180]
- C. S. Lewis - Oxford professor and writer; well known for The Chronicles of Narnia series, and for his apologetic Mere Christianity.[181]
- Shelley Lubben - former pornographic actress, current author and Executive Director of the Pink Cross Foundation, anti-pornography activist.[182]
- Gabriel Marcel - French philosopher and playwright (former agnostic).[183]
- Norma McCorvey - "Jane Roe" in Roe v. Wade[184]
- Alister McGrath - Biochemist and Christian theologian. Founder of 'Scientific theology' and critic of Richard Dawkins in his book Dawkins' God: Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life [185]
- Czesław Miłosz - Nobel prize winning poet
- Nina Karin Monsen - a Norwegian moral philosopher and author who grew up in a humanist family, but later convert to Christianity through philosophic thinking.[186]
- Crissy Moran - former pornographic actress and current anti-pornography activist.[187]
- Lacey Mosley - Vocalist and lyricist for Alternative metal band Flyleaf.[188]
- William J. Murray - author and son of atheist activist Madalyn Murray O'Hair[189]
- Bernard Nathanson Medical doctor who was a founding member of NARAL, later becoming a Pro-Life proponent.[190]
- Marvin Olasky - former Marxist turned Christian conservative, he edits the Christian World magazine.[191][192]
- George R. Price - Geneticist who became an Evangelical Christian and wrote about the New Testament. Later he moderated his evangelistic tendencies and switched from religious writing to working with the homeless.[193][194]
- Anne Rice - author of Interview with the Vampire[195]
- Dame Cicely Saunders - Templeton Prize and Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize winning nurse known for palliative care. She converted to Christianity as a young woman.[196]
- Edith Stein - Phenomenologist philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun; declared a saint by John Paul II.[197]
- Peter Steele - Lead singer of Type O Negative.[198]
- Lee Strobel - Author of The Case for Christ (former atheist)[199]
- Allen Tate - American poet, essayist and social commentator, and Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress.[200]
- Evelyn Waugh - British writer (former agnostic).[201]
- Fay Weldon - British novelist and feminist.[202]
- Monty White - British Young Earth Creationist (former atheist)[203]
- John C. Wright - Science fiction author.[204]
- Nicko McBrain - Michael Henry best known as "Nicko" McBrain, drummer for Iron Maiden heavy metal band.
Other
From Cao Dai
- Phan Thị Kim Phúc - Subject of a Pulitzer Prize winning photograph by "Nick" Ut,[205] she now heads a fund for children victims of war.[206]
From Confucianism or traditional Chinese/East Asian religions
Note: It is debated whether Confucianism is a religion and some Confucians who became Christians considered themselves to remain Confucian in philosophy.
- Hong Sa-ik - a Korean-Japanese World War II General who was executed for war crimes after the war.[207]
- Heup Young Kim - Theologian and member of the International Society for Science and Religion[208]
- Nakamura Masanao - Member of the Meirokusha who was baptized, largely retained the Confucian ideals that were compatible with Christianity.[209]
- Xi Shengmo - Chinese Christian leader.[210]
- Hong Sa-ik - a Korean-Japanese World War II General who was executed for war crimes after the war.[207]
- Heup Young Kim - Theologian and member of the International Society for Science and Religion[208]
- Nakamura Masanao - Member of the Meirokusha who was baptized, largely retained the Confucian ideals that were compatible with Christianity.[209]
- Xi Shengmo - Chinese Christian leader.[210]
From Paganism
Paganism is a term which, from a Western perspective, has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or cultic practices or beliefs of any folk religion, and of historical and contemporary polytheistic religions in particular.
While the term has historically been used to denote adherents of any non-Abrahamic faith, for the purposes of this list, only adherents of non-major polytheistic, shamanistic, pantheistic, or animistic religions will be listed in this section.
British Isles/Celtic/Germanic (excluding Norse) paganism
- Aebbe the Elder - Scottish monastic founder.[211]
- Saint Alban - first Christian martyr in Britain.[212]
- Cenwalh of Wessex - King of Wessex.[213]
- Constantine of Cornwall - 6th century king of Dumnonia.[citation needed]
- Saint Constantine of Strathclyde - King of Strathclyde, and later abbot of Rahan.[214]
- Cynegils - Anglo-Saxon king of the West Saxons.[215]
- Raedwald of East Anglia - King of East Anglia from about AD 599 to about AD 625.[216]
- Sigeberht of East Anglia - King of East Anglia from AD 631 to 634.[217]
- Riderch Hael - King of Strathclyde who established the first See of Strathclyde at Glasgow.[218]
- Ethelbert of Kent - King of Kent.[219]
- Clovis I - early king of the Franks.[220]
- Peada of Mercia - King of southern Mercia; helped found the monastery at Peterborough.[221]
- Leonard of Noblac - Frankish noble in the court of Clovis I.[222]
- Edwin of Northumbria - King of Deira and Bernicia.[citation needed]
- Rumwold - legendary "infant saint".[223]
- Saint Bavo - Frankish eremitic monk who lived during the Dark Ages.[224]
Norse paganism
- Leif Ericson - Icelandic Viking explorer.[225]
- Guthrum of East Anglia - King of the Danish Vikings in the Danelaw.[226]
- Rollo of Normandy - Founder of Viking province of Normandy.[227]
- Saint Olaf - King of Norway.[228]
- Rorik of Dorestad - Danish Viking leader.[229]
Graeco-Roman Paganism
- Saint Apollonius - 2nd century Roman Senator, Christian apologist and martyr.[230]
- Coelia Concordia - last Roman Vestal Virgin.[231]
- Commodianus - Latin poet; first practiced Judaism, and later converted to Christianity.[232]
- Constantine I (the Great) - Roman Emperor who legalized Christianity in the Edict of Milan in 313.[233]
- Pertinax of Byzantium - Bishop of Byzantium from 169 until his death in 187.[234]
- Athenagoras of Athens - philosopher and early Christian apologist.[235]
- Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite - judge of the Areopagus and early Bishop of Athens.[236]
- Saint Eustace - early Christian who was martyred, with his family, in a brazen bull.[237]
- Evodius - early Bishop of Antioch who (according to tradition) first called the disciples of Christ "Christians".[238]
- Gaius Marius Victorinus - Roman philosopher.[239]
- Honoratus - former Archbishop of Arles.[240]
- Pancras of Rome - early Roman Christian martyr.[241]
- Saint Pantaleon (Panteleimon) - early Christian physician and martyr.[242]
- Saint Cyriacus - early Christian saint.[243]
- Saint Julius the Veteran - early Christian martyr.[244]
- Sabinian of Troyes - Christian martyr.[245]
- Tertullian - Author and apologist; coined the Latin term for 'Trinity.'
- Lactantius - early Christian author.[246]
- Theophilus of Antioch - early Patriarch of Antioch.[247]
- Justin Martyr - early Christian apologist.[248]
- Polycarp - early Christian bishop.[249]
Egyptian paganism
- Horapollo - leader of the few remaining pagan schools of Menouthis during Emperor Zeno's reign (474-491) who converted to Christianity after being tortured.[250]
Mideastern and Arabian paganism
- Waraqah ibn Nawfal - Parental cousin of Khadija, Prophet Muhammad's first wife.[251]
- Rabbula - early Bishop of Edessa.[252]
African traditional religions
- Charles Atangana - paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bane ethnic groups in Cameroon; first Ewondo to be baptised.[253]
- Francis Arinze - Nigerian Roman Catholic cardinal.[254]
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny - first President of Côte d'Ivoire.
- Samuel Ajayi Crowther - first African Anglican bishop in Nigeria.[255]
- Jomo Kenyatta - first Prime Minister and President of Kenya.[256]
- Bernard Mizeki - African Christian missionary and martyr.[257]
- Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba - Queen of Ndongo and Matamba in the 16th century.[258]
- Ranavalona II - Queen of Madagascar.[259]
- Joseph Shabalala - lead singer, founder and musical director of Ladysmith Black Mambazo.[260]
North American or Inuit
- Gelelemend - A prominent Lenape convert to the Moravian Church.
- Samson Occom - Mohegan minister.[261]
- Pocahontas - Native American celebrity in 17th century London.[262]
- Helen Kalvak - Inuit artist from Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada.[263]
New Zealand and Pacific Islands traditional religions
- Hone Heke - Māori chief and war leader in New Zealand.[264]
- Queen Kaʻahumanu - Hawaiian monarch, wife of Kamehameha I.[265]
- Tāmati Wāka Nene - Māori chief who fought as an ally of the British in the Flagstaff War.[266]
European paganism (generic)
- Saint Barbara - Orthodox Christian martyr.[100]
Eastern European/ Slavic paganism
- Borivoj I of Bohemia - Duke of Bohemia (852/853 - 888/889).[267]
- Boris I of Bulgaria - Bulgarian ruler and monk.[268]
- Saint Ludmila - Orthodox Christian saint and martyr.[269]
- Jogaila - former King of Poland and Duke of Lithuania.[270]
- Vladimir I of Kiev - Grand Prince of Kiev.[271], the Baptiser of Russian Lands, Equal to Apostles
From Manichaeism
From Zoroastrianism
From Satanism
- Bartolo Longo - Italian satanic priest who converted to Catholicism, became a lay Dominican and founded a lay prayer society. On October 26, 1980 he was beatified by Pope John Paul II, who called him the "Apostle of the Rosary" and mentioned him specifically in his encyclical letter "Rosarium Virginis Mariae" (The Rosary of the Virgin Mary).
- Jeffrey Dahmer - American serial killer and cannibal. Dahmer dabbled in Satanism before his arrest,[273] but later converted to Christianity while in prison.[274]
- Sean Sellers - American murderer.[275]
Undetermined former religion
- Jin Au-Yeung - a Chinese-American hip hop rapper, songwriter and actor. Became a born again Christian in 2008.[276]
- Spencer Chamberlain - Lead vocalist of the Christian metalcore band Underoath, was not raised in a religious home.[277]
- Tony Fontane - popular recording artist in the 1940s and 1950s[278]
- René Girard - philosophical anthropologist[279]
- Brian Welch - former Korn guitarist
- Neal Morse - Progressive rock musician
- Nicko McBrain - Iron Maiden drummer.
- Alice Cooper
See also
- List of people by belief
- List of Catholic converts
- List of converts to Hinduism
- List of converts to Islam
- List of converts to Buddhism
- List of converts to Judaism
- List of converts to Sikhism
- List of former Christians
- List of former Muslims
Notes and references
- ^ a b Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[1]; January 8th Saints
- ^ a b Friedman, Lisa. "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred", Los Angeles Daily News, 5 June 2005. (reproduced)
- ^ a b Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila
- ^ a b Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service
- ^ a b Vickers (2005), page 86
- ^ Former terrorist trades weapons for olive branch
- ^ http://www.rnw.nl/arabic/article/467965
- ^ http://www.hdhod.com/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_a34209.html
- ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
- ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. p. 84.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ^ Joseph Patrich, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-0976-5, Google Print, p. 157.
- ^ The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah
- ^ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow".
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [dead link] - ^ He saved me - The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan
- ^
Petre, Jonathan (2005-10-08). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=and|coauthors=(help) - ^ Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
- ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian
- ^ Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - "Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity". - ^ The Kurdish Minority Problem, p.11, December 1948, ORE 71-48, CIA "The first of the major Barzani revolts took place in 1931 after Sheikh Ahmed Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in Iraqi Kurdistan, announced his conversion to Christianity and succeeded in defeating a number of other Kurdish tribes as well as regular Iraqi troops." [2].
- ^ a b c d "Үтәмешгәрәй". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
- ^ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. p. 469. ISBN 0345298063.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003.
- ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Time magazine
- ^ Benin's new president announced
- ^ Djibril Cisse - Biography "Cisse, originally a Muslim converted to Christianity."
- ^ Muslim to Catholic Convert Hansen Hashem Clarke Member of US Congress.
- ^ Latter-day Saint (Mormon) character in "Panther" (1997) (Eldridge Cleaver, Latter-day Saint)
- ^ John Clark Hammerback and Richard J. Jensen. "From Muslim to Mormon: Eldridge Cleaver's Rhetorical Crusade", Communication Quarterly, 34 (Winter 1986), 24-40.
- ^ Constantine the African
- ^ Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)
- ^ FAITH UNDER FIRE - Descendant of Muhammad converts to Christianity - But faces threat to life if forced to return to Turkey
- ^ "The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile". The Telegraph. London. 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
- ^ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice - Sari, Iran December 3, 1993
- ^ Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)
- ^ Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther, Zondervan (1992), pg.46, ISBN 0-551-01153-X
- ^ Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website
- ^ Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists', from Encyclopedia Judaica
- ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
- ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Government testimony (PDF)
- ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross biography on his website
- ^ Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith - ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
- ^ Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith
- ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
- ^ Gutierrez, Scott (July 28, 2006). "Shooting suspect was baptized". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
- ^ [3]
- ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
- ^ Faith in Sports
- ^ Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com
- ^ Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path
- ^ Marriages of the Holy Prophet
- ^ in Catholic community
- ^ Time Magazine
- ^ Template:Ru icon Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
- ^ Okanla, Karim (20 August 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news.
- ^ Article about Kusturica's religion on pionirovglasnik.com
- ^ News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se
- ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 - "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. p. 94. ISBN 0264664175.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
- ^ "Carlos Menem" Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ http://st-takla.org/zJ/index.php?option=com_icopts&task=&sm=3-2&c=&dbl=en&tht=1309039200
- ^ http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97
- ^ http://st-takla.org/Saints/Coptic-Orthodox-Saints-Biography/Coptic-Saints-Story_794.html
- ^ Brad Biggs (May 20, 2005 Friday). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 148.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Flight from Iran
- ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687
- ^ Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu - "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
- ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
- ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 - 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
- ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar - ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
- ^ Erebara, Gjergj (4 October 2010). "Kosovo's New Cathedral Stirs Muslim Resentment". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ^ Egypt The Muhammed Ali dynasty
- ^ Egypt
- ^ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8
- ^ "Argentine ex-army colonel who led uprisings dies". Taiwan News. Associated Press. 2009-09-02. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
- ^ Features : Chamillionaire: Here Comes the Reign
- ^ MuchMusic.com | Artists|Chamillionaire
- ^ Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
- ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, Google Print, p. 567.
- ^ Biography of Walid Shoebat
- ^ Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?
- ^ Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
- ^ Schwaner, Birgit (2007-06-01). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (in German). Weiner Zeitung. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=and|coauthors=(help) - ^ Islam, the West and the need for honesty
- ^ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT
- ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
- ^ Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor
- ^ You quizzed George Weah - BBC.com
- ^ Catherine Elsworth&Carolynne Wheeler (August 24, 2008). "Mosab Hassan Yousef, son of Hamas leader, becomes a Christian". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
- ^ Catholic Online (December 10, 2007). "Did Ramzi Yousef Really Convert to Christianity?". Catholic Online. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ^ 60 minutes (December 10, 2007). "Supermax: A Clean Version Of Hell". 60 minutes. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
- ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - STATISTICS:
- ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. "The Penguin Dictionary of Saints", 3rd edition. New York:Penguin Group, 1995. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
- ^ a b c Holweck, F. G. "A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints". St. Louis, Missouri: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.
- ^ Alexander's Apostasy: First Steps to Jerusalem. by Brian Taylor, from the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
- ^ "Alphonsi, Petrus." Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906
- ^ "Baena, Juan Alfonso De." Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906
- ^ Nordisk familjebok, vol 1. A - Barograf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an [4] Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906
- ^ Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. 1905.
- ^ http://forgivenforlife.org/
- ^ Hamy, Bulletin de Géographie, 1891, pp. 218-222.
- ^ Robert Blake, Disraeli, 3. Norman Gash, reviewing Blake's work, argued that Benjamin's claim to Spanish ancestry could not be entirely dismissed. Norman Gash, review of Disraeli, by Robert Blake. The English Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 327. (Apr., 1968), 360-364.
- ^ Simon, John Pursued by Nazis and Other Demons, New York Times, July 12, 1992
- ^ Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades: Revisited, Clinton Heylin, pgs. 491-520; Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan, Howard Sounes, pgs. 324-326, 356; The Rough Guide to Bob Dylan (2nd edition), Nigel Williamson, pgs. 112-113; Jewsweek: Bob Dylan's Unshakeable Monotheism -- Part III: The 1980s; "Bob Dylan" Encyclopædia Britannica; Bob Dylan Finds His Source, from Christianity Today, Noel Paul Stookey, January 4, 1980; [5]; [6]; [7]; [8]; [9]; [10]; [11]; [12]
- ^ Bob Dylan: Tangled Up In Jews
- ^ Brian Dutton, Joaquín González Cuenca (editors), Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena (Madrid: Visor Libros, 1993), 534-544.
- ^ Arthur Mandel: The Militant Messiah: The Story of Jacob Frank and the Frankists: Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press: 1979: ISBN 0-391-00973-7.
- ^ [13] Friedberg, Heinrich, von) Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Gans, Eduard.
- ^ Dan Charles, "The Tragedy of Fritz Haber", National Public Radio (July 11, 2002)
- ^ Carvajal, Mario. Vida y pasión de Jorge Isaacs. Manizales, 1937.
- ^ Duncan Kelly, "Revisiting the Rights of Man: Georg Jellinek on Rights and the State". Law and History Review vol. 22, no. 3 (Fall 2004).
- ^ A Brief Biography of Paul S.L. Johnson from the Present Truth Library, which catalogues the works of Paul S.L. Johnson.
- ^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=87&letter=K Kanitz, Felix Philipp] Jewish Encyclopedia, Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906.
- ^ The World According to Andrew Klavan. Uncommon Knowledge. Filmed on August 28, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2009.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Lehrs, Karl.
- ^ Adler, Jacob, A Life on the Stage: A Memoir, translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 0-679-41351-0. p. 200.
- ^ Duquin, Lorene Hanley, A Century of Catholic Converts, Our Sunday Visitor: Huntington, Indiana, 2003, pp. 114-116.
- ^ Wikipedia Entry
- ^ Terry Teachout (August 18, 2009). "Robert Novak's Memoir". Commentary Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
- ^ Matuswo, Barbara (June 1, 2003). "The Conversion of Bob Novak". The Washingtonian. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ Famous Jewish Anglicans
- ^ BPSports.net - U.S. team at Ryder Cup led by believers in Jesus
- ^ The Observer
- ^ "The tragedy of Gillian Rose - Jewish social critic". Judaism. 1997.
- ^ Online Bio at http://www.jewsforjesus.org/about/headquarters/moishe
- ^ Moffett, Samuel Hugh, History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. 2: 1500-1900, Orbis Books: Maryknoll, New York, 2005, pg. 476.
- ^ Beliefnet.com
- ^ Garcia, Laura. "Edith Stein — Convert, Nun, Martyr." Crisis 15, no. 6 (June 1997): 32-35
- ^ Chess Notes 5997 by Edward Winter (chess historian)
- ^ Long walk to freedom. The Guardian.
- ^ Long walk to freedom
- ^ >[14]
- ^ [15]
- ^ David Levy Yulee
- ^ Trinity Broadcasting Network Interview
- ^ Time on his involvement with PTL
- ^ "Good News for Israel" videos
- ^ Catholic Culture : Missing Page Redirect
- ^ http://www.musicianguide.com/biographies/1608003963/Judy-Mowatt.html
- ^ http://194.154.164.100/~westbury@westburymusicltd.co.uk/4artisttrackdb/showarticle.php?id=86
- ^ Profile of Rev. David Yonggi Cho
- ^ Christianity Today newsletter
- ^ From Pearl Harbor to Calvary by Mitsuo Fuchida.
- ^ "God's on My Side" at nationmultimedia.com
- ^ LDS.org
- ^ Time Magazine
- ^ The Chinese Revolution and Chinese Communism
- ^ Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies Edited and with a new introduction by Paul Williams (London: Routledge, 2005). Eight volumes. ISBN 978-0-415-33226-2
- ^ Spiritual Counterfeits Project page on Tal Brooke
- ^ Rediff
- ^ "Indian-born nun to succeed Mother Teresa" at cnn.com
- ^ "Women Excel"
- ^ On Point : The Party of Death - The Party of Death
- ^ A A Panji Tisna - His Life and Thought
- ^ Maharaj, Rabi R. Death of a Guru: A Remarkable True Story of one Man's Search for Truth.
- ^ Whoriskey, Peter (October 21, 2007). "Jindal Wins Louisiana Race, Becomes First Indian American Governor". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ http://www.nikkihaley.com/truthinfacts/question-is-nikki-a-christian
- ^ Brother Bakht Singh Website
- ^ Anglo Sikh Heritage Trail: Maharajah Duleep Singh.
- ^ A hindu sikh sadhu (Sundar Singh) met by Jesus Christ
- ^ Seattle Times "In 1975, he threw off his atheism and became a Christian."
- ^ Wall Street Journal
- ^ Sin: An Honest Mistake?, by Kirk Cameron, Boundless Webzine. From the introduction: "But much more noteworthy than his acting career was his conversion to Christianity. Kirk was not raised in a church-going home and described himself as a devout atheist from a very young age." (Accessed 13 June 2007)
- ^ "I was brought up as an agnostic... and when I first became a Christian in the Seventies I didn't really know what it was I'd adopted." Faith in Practice: Holding on to the Mystery of Love, by Bruce Cockburn as told to Cole Morton, Third Way, September 1994, page 15. (Accessed 13 June 2007)
- ^ "He converted from atheism to Christianity in his twenties after seeing how radically his patients' faith transformed their experience of suffering, and after reading several works by C. S. Lewis." The Question of God: Interview with Francis Collins, WGBH Educational Foundation, 2004 (Accessed 14 June 2007)
- ^ "[Stapleton and Flynt] formed a fast friendship, which resulted in Flynt's surprising and publicized conversion to Christianity." Biography.com: Larry Flynt
- ^ [Bo Giertz, The Hammer of God,revised edition, XIII, Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis, 2005.
- ^ [16]; [17]
- ^ Telegraph "She reacted strongly against her parents' beliefs and became a Catholic at 19, because she 'no longer found it possible to disbelieve in God.'" (pg 2)
- ^ Time Magazine from July 19, 1963 "Lepp has the credentials to explain the mind of the atheist: he was one himself for 27 years."
- ^ Catholic Net
- ^ "The Killer and the Pastor" article from Time.com
- ^ "Lewis lapsed into atheism in his teens but experienced a reconversion to Christianity in 1931." Lewis, C.S.. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 28, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
- ^ [18]
- ^ John J. Drummond, Lester E. Embree. Phenomenological Approaches to Moral Philosophy: A Handbook; Sweetman, Brendan. Marcel and phenomenology: Can literature help philosophy?
- ^ http://www.theinterim.com/march98/18colleton.html
- ^ biography on official website
- ^ Norge IDAG - Monsen med bok om sin tro
- ^ [19]
- ^ Interview for Christianity Today: I was so outspoken about not believing in God. I had real problems with Christians.]
- ^ statement of William J. Murray
- ^ Nathanson, Bernand Aborting America (1981 Pinnacle Books)
- ^ Marxism and Me by Marvin Olasky: My communism was based on atheism, and when I could no longer be an atheist, I resigned from the party.
- ^ Creators Syndicate Profile
- ^ University of Bielefeld
- ^ Chronicle of Higher Education article obituary (Copied by Gametheory.net) has the following "Because George was a fire-spitting atheist and Julia a devout Christian, their relationship was contentious from the beginning. After eight years, the marriage ended in acrimony." "On June 7 [1970] I gave in and admitted that God existed", he explained to friends.
- ^ Interview with a Penitent from Christianity Today
- ^ Article from the University of Wollongong
- ^ University of Chicago "made a spiritual journey from atheism to agnosticism before eventually converting to Catholicism"
- ^ Decibel Magazine
- ^ Strobel's official website calls him an "Atheist-turned-Christian."
- ^ "...he was an atheist arguing for religious values, a man writing an essay on religion 'in a spirit of irreligion.'... He would not convert to Catholicism for two decades, but his need for religious authority was acute even in 1930." Allen Tate: Orphan of the South, p. 167, biographer Thomas A. Underwood, Princeton University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-691-06950-6
- ^ "He was conspicuously bohemian and agnostic..." "Waugh's Catholicism is an organic part of this oneness. In 1930 he was converted..." [20]
- ^ The Guardian Quote: Even though she was raised an atheist, in the past three or four years she has been going to church. In her eighth decade, she has even submitted to being baptised.
- ^ "At that time, I was an atheist." "...I was converted as I repented of my sins and asked God to accept me in Christ." My Spiritual Pilgrimage from Theistic Evolution to Creationism by Monty White
- ^ Advocates for self-government (A Libertarian site) says of him "A lifelong 'vehement, argumentative, proselytizing atheist,' Wright suffered a heart attack in 2003 and soon afterwards had a 'supernatural' religious experience that made him, he wrote, 'aware of a spiritual dimension of reality of which I had hitherto been unaware... I was altered down to the root of my being.' Wright is now a Christian.
- ^ Canadian Christianity.com
- ^ Kim Foundation
- ^ a b Kim, Young-Sik, Ph.D. (2003). "The US-Korea relations: 1910–1945: A brief history of the US-Korea relations prior to 1945". Association for Asian Research. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Interview "I had a religious conversion and became a Christian. Before I followed Confucianism"
- ^ a b Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures
- ^ a b One of China's Scholars: The Culture & Conversion of a Confucianist
- ^ The Northern Saints
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Alban
- ^ Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book III, chapter 7.
- ^ Britannia EBK Biographies: St. Constantine, King of Strathclyde
- ^ Berkshire History: Biographies: St. Abban of Abingdon
- ^ Raedwald - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ D.H. Farmer, The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford 1978). ISBN 0-19-282038-9.
- ^ [21]
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Ethelbert (King of Kent)
- ^ [22]
- ^ Allen, Grant. "Anglo-Saxon Britain".
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Leonard of Noblac
- ^ [23]
- ^ St. Bavo - Catholic Online
- ^ BBC - History - Leif Erikson (11th century)
- ^ Green, John Richard. "A short history of the English people".
- ^ Rollo of Normandy
- ^ Olav Haraldsson
- ^ Viking in the Netherlands
- ^ Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of April 18
- ^ Forum Romanum: the Temple of Vesta and the Vestal Virgins
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Commodianus
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Constantine the Great
- ^ Ecumenical Patriarchate
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Athenagoras
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Eustachius
- ^ [24], [25]
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius Marius Victorinus
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Honoratus
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Pancras
- ^ Body Theology - St. Panteleimon
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Cyriacus
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Julius the Veteran
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Sabinian of Troyes
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius
- ^ Apologia ad Autolycum i. 14, ii. 24.
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Justin Martyr
- ^ [26], [27]
- ^ Studiolum
- ^ Reading Islam.com: What Really Happened Up There?
- ^ [28]
- ^ Bonaberi.com: A la découverte de Charles Atangana
- ^ God's Invisible Hand: The Life and Work of Francis Cardinal Arinze, an Interview with Gerard O'Connell, pp. 12–21 (Ignatius Press, 2006) ISBN 978-1-58617-135-3
- ^ Crowther, Samuel Ajayi, Nigeria, Anglican
- ^ Jomo Kenyatta
- ^ Bernard Mizeki, Catechist and Martyr in Africa
- ^ [29], [30]
- ^ February 21: Ranavalona II; Christian History Institute
- ^ Rock Paper Scissors - Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Raise Your Spirit Higher (Heads Up) - Concert Preview
- ^ Samson Occom, Christian Convert
- ^ Pocahontas
- ^ [31]
- ^ Biographies
- ^ The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom - Hawaiian Queen Ka'ahumanu
- ^ Dictionary Of New Zealand Biography
- ^ Borivoj I (Borivorius I) Duke of Bohemia\ Saint Ludmila
- ^ Untitled Document
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Ludmilla
- ^ Jogaila (1350-1434)
- ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Vladimir I of Kiev
- ^ [32]; [33]
- ^ Jeffrey Dahmer - Serial killer & Cannibal 12
- ^ Jeffrey Dahmer - Serial killer & Cannibal 22
- ^ Clay and Thornton, "Sellers Executed For 3 Murders", The Daily Oklahoman, February 4, 1999.
- ^ http://www.allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2009/09/03/21923200.aspx
- ^ The best interview ever with the lead men of UnderOath Norma Jean As I Lay Dying - Buzznet
- ^ Wonderful Words of Life: Hymns in American Protestant History and Theology By Richard J. Mouw, Mark A. Noll (Accessed 14 June 2007)
- ^ "In the winter of 1959 [René Girard] experienced a conversion to Christian faith which had been preceded by a kind of intellectual conversion while he was working on his first book." René Girard:A Biographical Sketch, by James G. Williams
![[2]](https://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000258376/0000258376_0014.gif){kind=link}