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** Plans for the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] are completed.
** Plans for the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] are completed.
* [[January 3]] – Construction of the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] begins.
* [[January 3]] – Construction of the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] begins.
* [[January 6]] – The [[Musikverein, Vienna]] is inaugurated in [[Austria-Hungary]].
* [[January 6]] – The [[Musikverein]], Vienna, is inaugurated in [[Austria-Hungary]].
* [[January 10]] – [[John D. Rockefeller]] incorporates [[Standard Oil]].
* [[January 10]] – [[John D. Rockefeller]] incorporates [[Standard Oil]].
* [[January 15]] – A political [[cartoon]] for the first time symbolizes the [[United States Democratic Party]] with a [[donkey]] ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by [[Thomas Nast]] for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'').
* [[January 15]] – A [[political cartoon]] for the first time symbolizes the [[United States Democratic Party]] with a [[donkey]] ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by [[Thomas Nast]] for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'').
* [[January 20]] – {{SS|City of Boston}} vanishes at sea with all 177 aboard.
* [[January 20]] – {{SS|City of Boston}} vanishes at sea with all 177 aboard.
* [[January 23]] – U.S soldiers attack a peaceful camp of [[Piegan Blackfeet|Piegan]] [[Blackfoot Confederacy|Blackfoot]] Indians led by chief Heavy Runner in the [[Marias Massacre]].
* [[January 23]] – U.S soldiers attack a peaceful camp of [[Piegan Blackfeet|Piegan]] [[Blackfoot Confederacy|Blackfoot]] Indians led by chief Heavy Runner in the [[Marias Massacre]].
* [[January 26]] – [[Reconstruction era of the United States]]: [[Virginia]] rejoins the [[United States|Union]].
* [[January 26]] – [[Reconstruction Era]] (United States): [[Virginia]] rejoins the [[United States|Union]].
* [[January 27]] – The first college [[sorority]], [[Kappa Alpha Theta]], is established at [[DePauw University]] in the United States.
* [[January 27]] – The first college [[sorority]], [[Kappa Alpha Theta]], is established at [[DePauw University]] in the United States.
* February – [[Vrain Denis-Lucas]] is sentenced to 2 years in prison for multiple [[forgery]] in [[Paris]].
* February – [[Denis Vrain-Lucas]] is sentenced to 2 years in prison for multiple [[forgery]] in Paris.
* [[February 1]] – [[Goodna State School]] in [[Goodna, Queensland]], [[Australia]] is founded.
* [[February 1]] – [[Goodna State School]] in [[Goodna, Queensland]], Australia is founded.
* [[February 2]] – It is revealed that the famed [[Cardiff Giant]] is just carved [[gypsum]] and not the petrified remains of a [[human]].
* [[February 2]] – It is revealed that the famed [[Cardiff Giant]] is just carved [[gypsum]] and not the petrified remains of a [[human]].
* [[February 3]] – The [[15th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], guaranteeing African-Americans the right to vote, is passed.
* [[February 3]] – The [[15th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], guaranteeing African-Americans the right to vote, is passed.
* [[February 9]] – The [[Army]] [[Weather Bureau]] (within the [[Army Signal Corps]]) is created.
* [[February 9]] – The Army [[Weather Bureau]] (within the [[Army Signal Corps]]) is created.
* [[February 10]]
* [[February 10]]
** [[Anaheim, California]] is incorporated.
** [[Anaheim, California]] is incorporated.
** The [[YWCA]] is founded in [[New York City]].
** The [[YWCA]] is founded in New York City.
* [[February 12]] – Women gain the [[right to vote]] in [[Utah]] Territory.
* [[February 12]] – Women gain the [[right to vote]] in [[Utah Territory]].
* [[February 23]] – Military control of [[Mississippi]] ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
* [[February 23]] – Military control of [[Mississippi]] ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
* [[February 25]] – [[Hiram Rhodes Revels]], a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] from [[Mississippi]], is sworn into the [[United States Senate]], becoming the first [[African American]] ever to sit in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]].
* [[February 25]] – [[Hiram Rhodes Revels]], a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] from [[Mississippi]], is sworn into the [[United States Senate]], becoming the first [[African American]] ever to sit in the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]].
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* [[February 26]] – The German [[Commerzbank]] is founded in [[Hamburg]].
* [[February 26]] – The German [[Commerzbank]] is founded in [[Hamburg]].
* [[February 27]] – The "circle of the sun" [[flag of Japan]] is adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships by proclamation of the [[Daijō-kan]].
* [[February 27]] – The "circle of the sun" [[flag of Japan]] is adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships by proclamation of the [[Daijō-kan]].
* [[February 28]] – The [[Bulgarian Exarchate]] is established by decree of [[Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[February 28]] – The [[Bulgarian Exarchate]] is established by decree of Sultan [[Abdülaziz]] of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[March 1]] – [[Francisco Solano López (politician)|Marshal Francisco Solano López]]'s last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance at the [[Battle of Cerro Cora]]. López refuses to surrender and is killed. Fighting ends in [[Paraguay]] – the [[Paraguayan War]] is over.
* [[March 1]] – Marshal [[Francisco Solano López]]'s last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance at the [[Battle of Cerro Corá]]. López refuses to surrender and is killed. Fighting ends in [[Paraguay]] – the [[Paraguayan War]] is over.
* [[March 4]] – [[Thomas Scott (Orangeman)|Thomas Scott]] is executed by [[Louis Riel]]'s provisional government during the [[Red River Rebellion]] in modern day [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]].
* [[March 4]] – [[Thomas Scott (Orangeman)|Thomas Scott]] is executed by [[Louis Riel]]'s provisional government during the [[Red River Rebellion]] in modern day [[Manitoba]], Canada.
* [[March 5]] – First ever international [[Association football]] match, [[England v Scotland (1870)|England v Scotland]], takes place under the auspices of [[the Football Association]] at [[The Oval]], [[London]].
* [[March 5]] – First ever international [[Association football]] match, [[England v Scotland (1870)|England v Scotland]], takes place under the auspices of [[the Football Association]] at [[The Oval]], London.
* [[March 10]] – The [[Deutsche Bank]] is founded in [[Berlin]].
* [[March 10]] – The [[Deutsche Bank]] is founded in Berlin.
* [[March 19]] – The Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College, later [[Ohio State University]].
* [[March 19]] – The Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College, later [[Ohio State University]].
* [[March 24]] – [[Syracuse University]] is established and officially opens.
* [[March 24]] – [[Syracuse University]] is established and officially opens.
* [[March 30]]
* [[March 30]]
** The [[15th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], giving blacks the right to vote, is ratified.
** The [[15th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], giving blacks the right to vote, is ratified.
** [[Texas]] is readmitted to the Union following [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]].
** [[Texas]] is readmitted to the Union following [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]].
* [[March 31]] – [[Thomas Mundy Peterson]] is the first African-American to vote in an election.
* [[March 31]] – [[Thomas Mundy Peterson]] is the first African-American to vote in an election.


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* [[April 27]] – [[Antonio Guzmán Blanco]] begins his first term as [[President of Venezuela]].
* [[April 27]] – [[Antonio Guzmán Blanco]] begins his first term as [[President of Venezuela]].
* [[April 29]] – The Chicago Base Ball Club, later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings, and ultimately the [[Chicago Cubs]], play their first game against the St. Louis Unions of the [[National Association of Base Ball Players]], an amateur league.
* [[April 29]] – The Chicago Base Ball Club, later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings, and ultimately the [[Chicago Cubs]], play their first game against the St. Louis Unions of the [[National Association of Base Ball Players]], an amateur league.
* [[May 12]] – The [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Manitoba]] is created in response to [[Louis Riel]]'s [[Red River Rebellion]].
* [[May 12]] – The Canadian province of [[Manitoba]] is created in response to [[Louis Riel]]'s [[Red River Rebellion]].
* [[May 14]] – The first [[rugby football|rugby]] match is played in [[New Zealand]], between the Nelson Football Club and [[Nelson College]].
* [[May 14]] – The first [[rugby football|rugby]] match is played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and [[Nelson College]].
* [[May 24]] – The [[Port Adelaide Football Club]] plays their first match of [[Australian rules football]] at Buck's Flat, Glanville, [[South Australia]].
* [[May 24]] – The [[Port Adelaide Football Club]] plays their first match of [[Australian rules football]] at Buck's Flat, Glanville, [[South Australia]].
* [[June 9]] – Death of English novelist [[Charles Dickens]] at [[Gads Hill Place]] in [[Kent]], leaving his last book ''[[The Mystery of Edwin Drood]]'', unfinished.
* [[June 9]] – Death of English novelist [[Charles Dickens]] at [[Gads Hill Place]] in [[Kent]], leaving his last book ''[[The Mystery of Edwin Drood]]'', unfinished.
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=== July–September ===
=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – The ''[[Ems Dispatch]]'' serves as a reason for a [[war]] between [[Prussia]] and France.
* [[July 13]] – The ''[[Ems Dispatch]]'' serves as a reason for a war between [[Prussia]] and France.
* [[July 15]]
* [[July 15]]
** [[Reconstruction Era of the United States]]: [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] becomes the last former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] state to be readmitted to the [[United States|Union]], and the [[Confederate States of America]] is dissolved.
** [[Reconstruction Era]]: [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] becomes the last former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] state to be readmitted to the [[United States|Union]], and the [[Confederate States of America]] is dissolved.
** The [[United Kingdom|British]] government admits the former [[Hudson's Bay Company]] territory of [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] to the Dominion of [[Canada]].
** The British government admits the former [[Hudson's Bay Company]] territory of [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] to the Dominion of Canada.
* [[July 18]] – ''[[Pastor Aeternus]]'': [[Pope Pius IX]] declares [[papal infallibility]] in matters of faith and morals.
* [[July 18]] – ''[[Pastor Aeternus]]'': [[Pope Pius IX]] declares [[papal infallibility]] in matters of faith and morals.
* [[July 19]] – [[Franco-Prussian War]]: France declares war on [[Prussia]].
* [[July 19]] – [[Franco-Prussian War]]: France declares war on [[Prussia]].
* [[August 2]] &ndash; Official opening of the [[Tower Subway]] beneath the [[River Thames]] in [[London]], the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical [[wrought iron]] [[tunnelling shield]] devised by [[Peter W. Barlow]] and [[James Henry Greathead]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Denis|title=Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=2001|pages=22–23|isbn=0-7277-2876-8}}</ref> and of a permanent tunnel lining of [[cast iron]] segments.<ref>{{cite book|last=West|first=Graham|title=Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|pages=116–118|isbn=0-521-33512-4}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; Official opening of the [[Tower Subway]] beneath the [[River Thames]] in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical [[wrought iron]] [[tunnelling shield]] devised by [[Peter W. Barlow]] and [[James Henry Greathead]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Denis|title=Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley|publisher=Thomas Telford|year=2001|pages=22–23|isbn=0-7277-2876-8}}</ref> and of a permanent tunnel lining of [[cast iron]] segments.<ref>{{cite book|last=West|first=Graham|title=Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|pages=116–118|isbn=0-521-33512-4}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The ''[[Republic of Ploieşti]]'', an uprising against [[Domnitor]] [[Carol I of Romania|Carol]] of [[Romania]], fails.
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The ''[[Republic of Ploiești]]'', an uprising against [[Domnitor]] [[Carol I of Romania|Carol]] of [[Romania]], fails.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; The [[Red River Rebellion]] ends with the arrival of the [[Wolseley Expedition]] and the fleeing of [[Louis Riel]].
* [[August 24]] &ndash; The [[Red River Rebellion]] ends with the arrival of the [[Wolseley Expedition]] and the fleeing of [[Louis Riel]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sedan]]: [[Prussia]]n forces defeat the [[France|French]] armies and take emperor [[Napoleon III]] and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at [[Sedan, France|Sedan]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sedan]]: [[Prussia]]n forces defeat the French armies and take emperor [[Napoleon III]] and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at [[Sedan, France|Sedan]].
* [[September 4]] &ndash; Emperor [[Napoleon III of France]] is deposed and the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]] is declared. [[Empress Eugénie]] flees to England with her children.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; Emperor [[Napoleon III of France]] is deposed and the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]] is declared. [[Empress Eugénie]] flees to England with her children.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since [[1807]].
* [[September 6]] &ndash; Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since [[1807]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Old Faithful Geyser]] is observed and named by [[Henry D. Washburn]] during the [[Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition]] to [[Yellowstone]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Old Faithful Geyser]] is observed and named by [[Henry D. Washburn]] during the [[Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition]] to [[Yellowstone]].
* [[September 20]] &ndash; With ''[[Bersaglieri]]'' soldiers entering [[Rome]] at [[Porta Pia]], the [[unification of Italy]] is completed, ending the last remnant of the [[Papal States]].
* [[September 20]] &ndash; With ''[[Bersaglieri]]'' soldiers entering Rome at [[Porta Pia]], the [[unification of Italy]] is completed, ending the last remnant of the [[Papal States]].


=== October&ndash;December ===
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; A [[Referendum|plebiscite]] held in [[Rome]] supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by [[Italy]].
* [[October 2]] &ndash; A [[Referendum|plebiscite]] held in Rome supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy.
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Rome]] becomes the capital of [[Unification of Italy|unified]] [[Italy]].
* [[October 6]] &ndash; Rome becomes the capital of [[Unification of Italy|unified]] Italy.
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Leon Michel Gambetta]] escapes the besieged [[Paris]] in a [[hot-air balloon]].
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Léon Gambetta]] escapes the besieged Paris in a [[hot-air balloon]].
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[First Vatican Council]] adjourned.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[First Vatican Council]] adjourned.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: Marshal [[François Achille Bazaine]], commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the [[fortifications of Metz]], ending the [[Siege of Metz (1870)|Siege of Metz]].
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Franco-Prussian War]]: Marshal [[François Achille Bazaine]], commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the [[fortifications of Metz]], ending the [[Siege of Metz (1870)|Siege of Metz]].
* [[November 1]] &ndash; In the United States, the newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the [[National Weather Service]]) makes its first official [[Meteorology|meteorological]] forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
* [[November 1]] &ndash; In the United States, the newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the [[National Weather Service]]) makes its first official [[Meteorology|meteorological]] forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Cortes Generales]] proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King [[Amadeus I of Spain]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The Spanish [[Cortes Generales]] proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as King [[Amadeus I of Spain]].
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Juan Prim]], prime minister of Spain, is assassinated.
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Juan Prim]], prime minister of Spain, is assassinated.
* [[December 31]] &ndash; The 12.8-km [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] through the [[Alps]] is completed.
* [[December 31]] &ndash; The 12.8-km [[Fréjus Rail Tunnel]] through the [[Alps]] is completed.


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Infanticide]] is banned in [[India]].
* [[Infanticide]] is banned in India.
* Just one of the 916 members of the [[India]]n [[Civil Service]] is Indian.
* Just one of the 916 members of the [[Indian Civil Service]] is Indian.
* [[David Kenyon]] invents [[Fireman's pole]], in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
* [[David Kenyon]] invents [[Fireman's pole]], in Chicago


== Births ==
== Births ==
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**[[Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch]], American minister and hymn writer (b. [[1809]])
**[[Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch]], American minister and hymn writer (b. [[1809]])
**[[Robert E. Lee]], Confederate general (b. [[1807]])
**[[Robert E. Lee]], Confederate general (b. [[1807]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Comte de Lautreamont]], French poet and writer (b. [[1846]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Comte de Lautréamont]], French poet and writer (b. [[1846]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Franz Graf von Wimpffen]], Austrian general and admiral (b. [[1797]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Franz Graf von Wimpffen]], Austrian general and admiral (b. [[1797]])
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Frédéric Bazille]], French painter (b. [[1841]])
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Frédéric Bazille]], French painter (b. [[1841]])

Revision as of 11:20, 18 July 2014

This article is about the year 1870. For the 1971 Italian film, see 1870 (film).
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1870 by topic
Humanities
By country
Other topics
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1870 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1870
MDCCCLXX
Ab urbe condita2623
Armenian calendar1319
ԹՎ ՌՅԺԹ
Assyrian calendar6620
Baháʼí calendar26–27
Balinese saka calendar1791–1792
Bengali calendar1277
Berber calendar2820
British Regnal year33 Vict. 1 – 34 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2414
Burmese calendar1232
Byzantine calendar7378–7379
Chinese calendar己巳年 (Earth Snake)
4567 or 4360
    — to —
庚午年 (Metal Horse)
4568 or 4361
Coptic calendar1586–1587
Discordian calendar3036
Ethiopian calendar1862–1863
Hebrew calendar5630–5631
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1926–1927
 - Shaka Samvat1791–1792
 - Kali Yuga4970–4971
Holocene calendar11870
Igbo calendar870–871
Iranian calendar1248–1249
Islamic calendar1286–1287
Japanese calendarMeiji 3
(明治３年)
Javanese calendar1798–1799
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4203
Minguo calendar42 before ROC
民前42年
Nanakshahi calendar402
Thai solar calendar2412–2413
Tibetan calendar阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
1996 or 1615 or 843
    — to —
阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1997 or 1616 or 844
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1870.

Year 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

Deaths

January–June

July–December

References

  1. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  2. ^ Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley. Thomas Telford. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-7277-2876-8.
  3. ^ West, Graham (2005). Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry. Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–118. ISBN 0-521-33512-4.
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