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{{Black Power sidebar}}To say "Black lives matter" denotes the lives of police officers so a more appropriate phrase would have been "All lives matter"[[File:Black Lives Matter protest.jpg|thumb|Protesters carrying placards at a Black Lives Matter demonstration in New York City in November 2014]]
{{Black Power sidebar}}
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[[File:Black Lives Matter protest.jpg|thumb|Protesters carrying placards at a Black Lives Matter demonstration in New York City in November 2014]]
'''Black Lives Matter''' is an [[activist]] movement in the United States that began in the wake of the July 2013 [[State v. Zimmerman|acquittal]] of [[George Zimmerman]] in the Florida [[Shooting of Trayvon Martin|shooting death]] of African-American teen [[Trayvon Martin]]. The Black Lives Matter movement campaigns against what it calls [[police brutality in the United States]] against African-Americans. The group received fresh impetus from the 2014 deaths of two unarmed African Americans, teenager [[shooting of Michael Brown|Michael Brown]] in [[Ferguson, Missouri]] and 43-year-old [[Eric Garner]] in [[New York City]]; in both cases the grand jury did not indict the officers and no charges were brought. Several unarmed African Americans who died at the hands of law enforcement have had their deaths protested by the movement, including [[Tamir Rice]], [[Eric Courtney Harris|Eric Harris]], [[Walter Lamar Scott|Walter Scott]], and [[Freddie Gray]] (whose death sparked the [[2015 Baltimore protests]]).
'''Black Lives Matter''' is an [[activist]] movement in the United States that began in the wake of the July 2013 [[State v. Zimmerman|acquittal]] of [[George Zimmerman]] in the Florida [[Shooting of Trayvon Martin|shooting death]] of African-American teen [[Trayvon Martin]]. The Black Lives Matter movement campaigns against what it calls [[police brutality in the United States]] against African-Americans. The group received fresh impetus from the 2014 deaths of two unarmed African Americans, teenager [[shooting of Michael Brown|Michael Brown]] in [[Ferguson, Missouri]] and 43-year-old [[Eric Garner]] in [[New York City]]; in both cases the grand jury did not indict the officers and no charges were brought. Several unarmed African Americans who died at the hands of law enforcement have had their deaths protested by the movement, including [[Tamir Rice]], [[Eric Courtney Harris|Eric Harris]], [[Walter Lamar Scott|Walter Scott]], and [[Freddie Gray]] (whose death sparked the [[2015 Baltimore protests]]).
Several media organizations have referred to it as "a new [[African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–68)|civil rights movement]]."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/08/19/how-black-lives-matter-moved-from-a-hashtag-to-a-real-political-force/ Janell Ross, "How Black Lives Matter moved from a hashtag to a real political force" The Washington Post, August 19, 2015]</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/19/blacklivesmatter-birth-civil-rights-movement Elizabeth Day, "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement" The Guardian, July 19, 2015]</ref><ref>[http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/12/ferguson-new-civil-rights-movement-113906.html#ixzz3jJFDhWtx Gene Demby "The Birth of a New Civil Rights Movement" Politico, December 31, 2014]</ref> However, several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group."<ref>{{Cite web|title = Here Are The Conservative Pundits Branding Black Lives Matter A "Hate Group"|url = http://mediamatters.org/research/2015/09/02/here-are-the-conservative-pundits-branding-blac/205337|accessdate = 2015-09-16}}</ref>
Several media organizations have referred to it as "a new [[African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–68)|civil rights movement]]."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/08/19/how-black-lives-matter-moved-from-a-hashtag-to-a-real-political-force/ Janell Ross, "How Black Lives Matter moved from a hashtag to a real political force" The Washington Post, August 19, 2015]</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/19/blacklivesmatter-birth-civil-rights-movement Elizabeth Day, "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement" The Guardian, July 19, 2015]</ref><ref>[http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/12/ferguson-new-civil-rights-movement-113906.html#ixzz3jJFDhWtx Gene Demby "The Birth of a New Civil Rights Movement" Politico, December 31, 2014]</ref> However, several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group."<ref>{{Cite web|title = Here Are The Conservative Pundits Branding Black Lives Matter A "Hate Group"|url = http://mediamatters.org/research/2015/09/02/here-are-the-conservative-pundits-branding-blac/205337|accessdate = 2015-09-16}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:27, 30 September 2015

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To say "Black lives matter" denotes the lives of police officers so a more appropriate phrase would have been "All lives matter"

Protesters carrying placards at a Black Lives Matter demonstration in New York City in November 2014

Black Lives Matter is an activist movement in the United States that began in the wake of the July 2013 acquittal of George Zimmerman in the Florida shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon Martin. The Black Lives Matter movement campaigns against what it calls police brutality in the United States against African-Americans. The group received fresh impetus from the 2014 deaths of two unarmed African Americans, teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri and 43-year-old Eric Garner in New York City; in both cases the grand jury did not indict the officers and no charges were brought. Several unarmed African Americans who died at the hands of law enforcement have had their deaths protested by the movement, including Tamir Rice, Eric Harris, Walter Scott, and Freddie Gray (whose death sparked the 2015 Baltimore protests). Several media organizations have referred to it as "a new civil rights movement."[1][2][3] However, several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group."[4]

The movement was co-founded by three black activists: Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi.[5][6] Although the three run a stable website and organization, the overall Black Lives Matter movement is a decentralized network, and has no formal hierarchy or structure.[7] The movement reached national awareness with the protests and unrest in Ferguson in August 2014, although Garza, Cullors and Tometi were not initially involved in those events.[2][8]

Description and events

Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter march.

The movement began as the hashtag, #BlackLivesMatter on Twitter, after George Zimmerman's 2013 acquittal for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, and gained momentum after the shooting of Michael Brown, the shooting of John Crawford III, and the death of Eric Garner, all in 2014. Currently, there are 23 Black Lives Matter chapters in the U.S., Canada, and Ghana.[9] The organization states that Black Lives Matter is "a unique contribution that goes beyond extrajudicial killings of black people by police and vigilantes" and that "Black Lives Matter affirms the lives of black queer and trans folks, disabled folks, black undocumented folks, folks with records, women and all black lives along the gender spectrum."[10] Protesters and protest organizers have met with U.S. President Barack Obama and other prominent leaders to demand an end to what they view as racial profiling, police brutality, mass incarceration of African-Americans, and the militarization of many U.S. police departments.[citation needed]

The #BlackLivesMatter hashtag was created by Alicia Garza and Patrisse Cullors right after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the Trayvon Martin trial.[11] The American Dialect Society chose the hashtag form of the phrase as their word of the year for 2014.[12][13] Vida Johnson and other black professors support the movement.[14] African-American critics of the movement include military veterans, clergy, and civil rights activists from the 1960s.[15][16]

Peggy Hubbard, an African-American mother and former naval officer, gained prominence in August 2015 when she posted a video on Facebook criticizing Black Lives Matter protesters who focus on "police shooting black criminals" more than on the "crimes committed by the individuals."[17] Her post, which quickly attracted millions of views, was in response to the shooting death of a black nine-year-old girl in Ferguson, Missouri "as she did homework in her mother's bed."[17]

As of August 15, 2015, at least 1007 Black Lives Matter demonstrations had been held worldwide.[18] In August 2014, during Labor Day weekend, Black Lives Matter organized a "Freedom Ride", that brought more than 500 African-Americans from across the United States into Ferguson, Missouri, to support the work being done on the ground by local organizations.[19] Black Lives Matter members and supporters rode in from New York City, Newark, Boston, Chicago, Columbus, Miami, Detroit, Houston, Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Nashville, Portland, Tucson, Washington, D.C., and more, in a similar way to that of the Freedom Riders in the 1960s.[20] In December 2014, at least 20 members of a protest that had been using the slogan were arrested at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota.[21]

A Black Lives Matter protest of police brutality in the rotunda of the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota.

The "informal branch of Black Lives Matter in Ferguson" has been involved in the Ferguson unrest, following the death of Michael Brown.[22] Most of the protesters actively distinguish themselves from the older generation of black leadership, such as Al Sharpton, by their aversion to middle-class traditions such as church involvement, Democratic Party loyalty, and respectability politics.[23][24] The movement tends to be skeptical of nonviolence and embraces a diversity of tactics.[25]

Some critics, in "response to acts of violence and vandalism committed by apparent supporters of the movement," accuse Black Lives Matter of "anti-white and anti-police radicalism."[26]

Black Lives Matter organizers supported the April 2015 fast food strike in solidarity with fast food workers, and to oppose racial income inequality.[27][28][29]

At the Netroots Nation Conference in July 2015, founder of Black Lives Matter Patrisse Cullors led a protest yelling "Burn everything down!", and interrupted the speeches of Martin O'Malley and Bernie Sanders.[30][31] Later during the event, the protesters shouted and booed at Martin O'Malley when he said "Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter."[32]

On August 8, 2015, a speech by Democratic presidential candidate and civil rights activist Bernie Sanders was disrupted by a group from the Seattle Chapter of Black Lives Matter[33] who walked onstage, seized the microphone from him and called his supporters racists and white supremacists.[34][35][36] Bernie Sanders issued a platform in response.[37] Nikki Stephens, the operator of a Facebook page called "Black Lives Matter: Seattle" issued an apology to supporters of Bernie Sanders, saying that the actions did not represent her understanding of Black Lives Matter. She was then sent messages by members of the Seattle Chapter which she described as threatening, and was forced to change the name of her group to "Black in Seattle." The founders of Black Lives Matter stated that they had not issued an apology.[38] In response to the protest, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump threatened to fight any Black Lives Matter protesters if they attempted to speak at one of his events.[39]

On August 13, 2015, activists chanting "Black Lives Matter" interrupted the Las Vegas rally of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush.[40] As Bush exited early, some of his supporters started responding to the protestors by chanting "white lives matter" or "all lives matter".[41]

On August 19, 2015, Black Lives Matter issued a statement against the murder of black transgender women, titled "It's Time! Putting the T Back in Black."[42]

On August 29, 2015, marchers using the Black Lives Matter banner were recorded in a 19-second video posted on Twitter showing marchers chanting, "Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon" at the Minnesota State Fair. Law enforcement groups said that the chant promotes death to police. The protest organizer disputed that interpretation.[43]

Influence

In a video interview with Laura Flanders, Garza discussed how "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand structural racism in this country". She went on to discuss how other lives are valued more than black lives, which she strongly feels is wrong, and that to take blackness out of this equation is inappropriate.[44] In a Twitter post, Black Lives Matter said, "If you really believe that all lives matter, you will fight like hell for Black lives."[45]

Seattle Seahawks Richard Sherman said about the "Black Lives Matter" movement, "I dealt with a best friend getting killed, and it was [by] two 35-year-old black men. There was no police officer involved, there wasn’t anybody else involved, and I didn’t hear anybody shouting ‘black lives matter’ then."[46]

According to New Yorker Magazine, close to 20% of murders in the City occur in public housing developements, disproportionately impacting Afro-Americans.[47]

Black Lives Matter appeared in an episode of Law & Order: SVU.[11][48] The TV drama Scandal expressed support to the Black Lives Matter movement on their March 5, 2015 episode that showed an unarmed black teen shot by a police officer.[49]

The hashtag #BlueLivesMatter was created by supporters who stood up for police officers' lives.[50] "Blue Lives Matter" was read on signs at a pro-police officer rally at the Civic Center in Downtown Denver. At the Netroots Nation Conference in Phoenix demonstrators from Black Alliance for Just Immigration booed and shouted at Democratic presidential candidate Martin O'Malley when he stated "Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter." He later apologized for his remarks, saying that he didn't mean to disrespect the black community.[32]

List of deaths protested by Black Lives Matter

Link Date Name (age) City, state Description and aftermath
[51][52] May 16, 2010 Aiyana Jones (7) Detroit, Michigan Shot by police officer Joseph Weekley during a house raid. Weekley was ultimately cleared of all charges after multiple mistrials.[53]
[54][55] November 19, 2011 Kenneth Chamberlain, Sr. (68) White Plains, New York Shot by police officer Anthony Carelli in Chamberlain's home. No criminal charges filed. Emergency services were drawn to Chamberlain's home after his medical alert device activated. Chamberlain refused to let them in, with police breaking down the door to enter.[56]
[57][58][59] February 26, 2012 Trayvon Martin (17) Sanford, Florida Trayvon Martin was shot by neighborhood watch coordinator George Zimmerman, who was later charged and acquitted of second-degree murder and manslaughter.[60] The acquittal on July 13, 2013, inspired the beginning of the Black Lives Matter movement.[11]
[52][61] March 21, 2012 Rekia Boyd (22) Chicago, Illinois Shot by police officer Dante Servin after Servin confronted a group of people in a local park. A directed verdict found Servin not guilty of involuntary manslaughter.[62]
[54][59] November 23, 2012 Jordan Davis (17) Jacksonville, Florida Shot by software developer Michael David Dunn over an argument over loud music. Dunn was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without parole.[63]
[54][64] November 29, 2012 Multiple:
Timothy Russell (43)
Malissa Williams (30)		 Cleveland, Ohio Both were shot during a car chase, each being hit more than 20 times. 13 police officers fired 137 shots into the car; the car chase stemmed from police thinking they were being shot at by the car's occupants, but no gun was found in the car and the sound was later determined to be due to the back-fire of the Chevrolet Malibu. Police officer Michael Brelo was charged with voluntary manslaughter, but was cleared in 2014. The judge found that because other police officers had also fired, it was not beyond reasonable doubt Brelo was responsible for killing the duo.[65][66]
[67] September 14, 2013 Jonathan Ferrell (24) Charlotte, North Carolina Shot by police officer Randall Kerrick who was responding to a breaking and entering report. Ferrell was unarmed and had approached a house seeking help after a car accident. Kerrick was charged with voluntary manslaughter. On August 21, 2015, a mistrial was declared after the jury reached a deadlock.[68][69]
[70][71] November 2, 2013 Renisha McBride (19) Dearborn Heights, Michigan Shot by airport maintenance worker Theodore Wafer, after McBride had approached Wafer's home on a rainy early morning after a car accident, seeking help. Wafer was sentenced to at least 17 years in jail for second-degree murder, manslaughter and felony firearm usage.[72]
[73][74] April 30, 2014 Dontre Hamilton (31) Milwaukee, Wisconsin Shot by police officer Christopher Manney, when a fight broke out when Manney attempted to frisk Hamilton. Although he did not face criminal charges, Manney was fired from the police.[75]
[58][76][77] July 17, 2014 Eric Garner (43) New York City, New York Died from a chokehold by police officer Daniel Pantaleo as well as the police's compression of Garner's chest. Garner was being arrested on the suspicion of selling untaxed cigarettes.[78]
[79][80] August 5, 2014 John Crawford III (22) Dayton, Ohio Shot by police officer Sean Williams when police answered a 911 call alleging a man waving a gun in a Walmart store. Crawford was holding a pellet/BB gun being sold in the store itself. A grand jury declined to indict any police officers, but the United States Department of Justice is investigating.[81]
[58][77][82] August 9, 2014 Michael Brown (18) Ferguson, Missouri Shot by police officer Darren Wilson on a street. The two struggled through the window of Wilson's police vehicle, where Wilson shot Brown, who fled with Wilson pursuing. When Brown turned around and moved toward Wilson, he shot Brown multiple times. Both a St. Louis County grand jury and the United States Department of Justice decided not to charge Wilson.[83]
Resulted in several waves of the Ferguson unrest, as well as the "Hands up, don't shoot" saying.
[84][85] August 11, 2014 Ezell Ford (25) Florence, Los Angeles Shot by police officers Sharlton Wampler and Antonio Villegas, who confronted Ford as part of an "investigative stop".[86]
[87][88] November 20, 2014 Akai Gurley (28) Brooklyn, New York Shot by police officer Peter Liang, who drew his gun and accidentally discharged it. A round ricocheted and hit Gurley, who was elsewhere on the same stairwell as Liang. Liang was indicted by a grand jury on manslaughter, assault, and other criminal charges.[89]
[58][76][77] November 22, 2014 Tamir Rice (12) Cleveland, Ohio Shot in a city park by police officer Timothy Loehmann.[90] Rice had been allegedly pointing his air-soft pellet gun replica at passersby prior to getting shot. A grand jury will decide whether either Loehmann or his partner Garmback will be indicted.
[91][92] December 23, 2014 Antonio Martin (18) Berkeley, Missouri Shot by an unidentified white police officer after Martin pulled a gun on him while the officer was responding to a shoplifting report at a convenience store.[93]
[94][95] March 6, 2015 Tony Robinson (19) Madison, Wisconsin Shot by police officer Matt Kenny during an altercation as Kenny was responding to reports of a man jumping in front of cars and attempting to strangle someone. The Wisconsin Department of Justice will investigate the Robinson shooting.[96]
[97][98] March 28, 2015 Meagan Hockaday (26) Oxnard, California Shot by police officer Roger Garcia after Hockaday ran at Garcia and his partner with a knife while they were responding to a domestic dispute report. Garcia has been placed on administrative leave and the case is currently being investigated.[99]
[77][100] April 4, 2015 Walter Scott (50) North Charleston, South Carolina Shot by police officer Michael Slager during a traffic stop. Slager was charged with murder after a video surfaced showing him shooting Scott multiple times from behind while Scott was fleeing.[101]
[58][102][103] April 12, 2015 Freddie Gray (25) Baltimore, Maryland Fell into a coma while being transported by police after they arrested him. Gray died a week later of injuries to his spinal cord. Charges have been filed against six police officers after a medical examiner's report that ruled Gray's death a homicide.[104]
Resulted in the 2015 Baltimore protests.
[105][106] June 17, 2015 Emanuel Nine (multiple) Charleston, South Carolina A mass shooting, allegedly by Dylann Roof, at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church resulted in nine dead and one injured.[107]
[108] July 13, 2015 Sandra Bland (28) Waller County, Texas Pulled over by police, arrested, and found dead in her jail cell. Her death was ruled a suicide by the county medical examiner, with no evidence of foul play.[109]
[110] July 19, 2015 Samuel DuBose (43) Cincinnati, Ohio Shot by University of Cincinnati police officer Ray Tensing during a traffic stop when DuBose failed to step out of his vehicle and may have attempted to drive off.[111] Tensing has been charged with murder.[112]
September 23, 2015 Jeremy McDole (28) Wilmington, Delaware Shot by local police responding to a 911 call.[113]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b Elizabeth Day, "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement" The Guardian, July 19, 2015
  3. ^ Gene Demby "The Birth of a New Civil Rights Movement" Politico, December 31, 2014
  4. ^ "Here Are The Conservative Pundits Branding Black Lives Matter A "Hate Group"". Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  5. ^ Hunt, Jazelle (January 13, 2015). "Black Lives Still Matters to Grassroots and Black Media". Black Voice News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
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  78. ^ Goldstein, Joseph; Santora, Marc (August 1, 2014). "Staten Island Man Died From Chokehold During Arrest, Autopsy Finds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  79. ^ "but john Crawford was shot dead in less than 4 seconds in the Walmart in Ohio. Didn't resist". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  80. ^ Wallce, Lewis. "Dayton 'Black Lives Matter' protesters to appear in court today". WKSU-FM. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
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  82. ^ "#BlackLivesMatter stands in solidarity and support with the Ferguson community in its call for #JusticeforMikeBrown and for all black people affected by state violence". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
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  84. ^ "#BlackLivesMatter Solidarity Justice For Ezell Ford & Fallen Angels Action Page". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  85. ^ Branson-Potts, Hailey. "Police abuse, black-on-black violence focus of rally in South L.A." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  86. ^ Pamer, Melissa; Knight, Nerissa (August 13, 2014). "Man Fatally Shot by Police in South L.A. Tried to Grab Officer's Gun: LAPD". KTLA. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
  87. ^ "A statement from members of the #BlackLivesMatter team". Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  88. ^ Prupis, Nadia. "NYPD Officer Indicted in Shooting of Akai Gurley: Reports". Common Dreams NewsCenter. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  89. ^ "NYPD Officer Peter Liang Indicted In Fatal Shooting Of Akai Gurley". CBS New York. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  90. ^ Izadi, Elahe; Holley, Peter (November 26, 2014). "Video shows Cleveland officer shooting 12-year-old Tamir Rice within seconds". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  91. ^ Stewart, Mariah; Schwartz, Carly. "Protesters Mourn Antonio Martin, Shut Down Missouri Highway On Christmas Eve". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  92. ^ Lowry, Wesley. "Police: Multiple witnesses say Antonio Martin pulled gun on officer". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  93. ^ Byers, Christine; Bogan, Jesse; Schremp Hahn, Valerie. "St. Louis region on edge in wake of fatal police shooting in Berkeley". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
  94. ^ "#StopKillingUs". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  95. ^ Spicuzza, Mary; Glauber, Bill. "Madison DA decides no charges warranted in Robinson shooting". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  96. ^ Fieldstadt, Elisha (March 8, 2015). "Tony Robinson Shooting: Protests Continue in Madison, Wisconsin". NBC News. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  97. ^ Siede, Caroline (May 22, 2015). "#SayHerName movement brings attention to female victims of police brutality". Boing Boing.
  98. ^ D. Smith (March 30, 2015). "[OFFICER INVOLVED] Meagan Hockaday: Dead in 20 Seconds". Ebony.
  99. ^ "Oxnard police identify officer involved in fatal shooting of woman". Ventura County Star. March 31, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  100. ^ "#WalterScott". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
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  102. ^ "Freddie Grey". Black Lives Matter. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
  103. ^ Durkin, Erin; Yaniv, Oren; Siemaszko, Corky. "Baltimore burns as riots over Freddie Gray's death convulse city, prompt officials to declare state of emergency, call in National Guard". Daily News. New York. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
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  106. ^ "Black Lives Matter: Charleston Shooting Was an Act of Terror". TeleSUR. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
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  110. ^ "At least 983 Black Lives Matter demonstrations have been held in the last 376 days". Elephrame. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
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  112. ^ Perez-Pena, Richard (July 29, 2015). "University of Cincinnati Officer Indicted in Fatal Shooting of Driver". The New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  113. ^ http://www.attn.com/stories/3306/jeremy-mcdole-shooting
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