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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox Top level domain
{{Infobox top level domain
| name = .nyc
| name = .nyc
| image = .nyc domain logo.svg
| image = .nyc domain logo.svg
| background = #D2B48C
| background = #D2B48C
| introduced =
| introduced = March 20, 2014
| type = [[Generic top-level domain]]
| type = [[Generic top-level domain]]
| status = Delegated
| status = Delegated
| registry = [[Neustar]]
| registry = [[Neustar]]
| sponsor = City of New York
| sponsor = City of New York
| intendeduse = [[New York City]] residents, institutions, and businesses
| intendeduse = [[New York City]] residents, institutions, and businesses
| actualuse =
| restrictions = nexus with City
| restrictions = nexus with City
| structure = Direct second-level registrations will be allowed
| structure = Direct second-level registrations will be allowed
⚫
| website = {{official website|name=www.ownit.nyc}}
| document =
| disputepolicy =
⚫
| website = {{url|www.ownit.nyc}}
}}
}}
'''.nyc''' is a [[top level domain]] (TLD) for [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Silbert|first=Sarah|title=Introducing .nyc: New York City to get its own top-level domain|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/02/new-york-city-to-get-nyc-domain/|publisher=Engadget|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Internet domain name ‘.nyc’ draws interest|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/business/2007/10/04/125318/Internet-domain.htm|accessdate=July 14, 2013|newspaper=China Post|date=October 4, 2007}}</ref> It was delegated to the root zone by ICANN on March 20, 2014.<ref name="icann.org">{{cite web|url=http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings|title=Delegated Strings|work=icann.org}}</ref>
'''.nyc''' is a [[top level domain]] (TLD) for [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Silbert |first=Sarah |title=Introducing .nyc: New York City to get its own top-level domain |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/02/new-york-city-to-get-nyc-domain/ |date=July 2, 2013 |publisher=Engadget |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='.nyc' wants to go .com |url=http://mailtribune.com/business/-nyc-wants-to-go-com |access-date=December 25, 2018 |newspaper=Mail Tribune |date=October 3, 2007}}</ref> It was delegated to the root zone by ICANN on March 20, 2014.<ref name="icann.org">{{cite web |url=https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings |title=Delegated Strings |publisher=ICANN |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


==Background==
==Background==


===name.space's proposal===
===name.space's proposal===
The New York-based company name.space, founded by [[Paul Garrin]], began operating its own alternative [[DNS root zone|root zone]] system in 1997 including a .nyc top level domain. name.space applied for inclusion of its .nyc, along with a number of other [[String (computer science)|strings]], as TLDs in the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] root during the 2000 ICANN application round.<ref>{{cite web|title=TLD Application for .nyc|url=http://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/ads1/|publisher=ICANN|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref> Its application was refused. Another company Names@Work also put in an application in 2000 but withdrew for lack of funding.<ref name="2008hearing">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/punkcast1451|title=NYC Council - .nyc public hearing (2008)|publisher=[[Punkcast]]}}</ref>
The New York-based company name.space, founded by [[Paul Garrin]], began operating its own alternative [[DNS root zone|root zone]] system in 1997 including a .nyc top level domain. name.space applied for inclusion of its .nyc, along with a number of other [[String (computer science)|strings]], as TLDs in the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] root during the 2000 ICANN application round.<ref>{{cite web |title=TLD Application for .ads, .agency, .aids, and others |url=https://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/ads1/ |publisher=ICANN |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> Its application was refused. Another company, Names@Work, also put in an application in 2000 but withdrew for lack of funding.<ref name="2008hearing">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/punkcast1451 |title=NYC Council - .nyc public hearing |year=2008 |publisher=[[Punkcast]] |first=Joly |last=MacFie |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


The first municipal support for the .nyc TLD was the [[Internet Empowerment Resolution]] passed by [[Queens Community Board 3]], a local planning unit of the [[City of New York]], on April 19, 2001. The Resolution called for the city's Commission on Public Information and Communication or a public interest organization to acquire and develop the TLD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Queens Community Board 3's Internet Empowerment Resolution|url=http://www.cb3qn.nyc.gov/page/dotNYC/;jsessionid=3dks0qgn3cil8?ct=error&er_code=17&ss=p$3D33828|publisher=Queens Community Board|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref>
The first municipal support for the .nyc TLD was the [[Internet Empowerment Resolution]] passed by [[Queens Community Board 3]], a local planning unit of the [[City of New York]], on April 19, 2001. The Resolution called for the city's Commission on Public Information and Communication or a public interest organization to acquire and develop the TLD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Empowerment Resolution |url=http://www.cb3qn.nyc.gov/IER |publisher=Queens Community Board |access-date=December 25, 2018 |date=April 19, 2001}}</ref>


By the mid-2000s interest in gaining local TLDs had arisen in other cities, notably Paris and Berlin. Some of those proponents contacted Thomas Lowenhaupt, the former Community Board member who had introduced the Queens Resolution. In 2007, with the Bloomberg Administration having indicated that it did not intend to apply for the .nyc TLD, Lowenhaupt formed a non-profit 'Connecting .nyc' to acquire and develop the .nyc TLD for community use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isoc-ny.org/235/|title=ISOC-NY Public Forum – Connecting .nyc – May 21|publisher=[[Internet Society|ISOC-NY]]|date=May 17, 2008}}</ref> On June 6, 2008 Council Member [[Gale Brewer]] led the introduction of Resolution 1495-2008 supporting "the local efforts to acquire the .nyc Top Level Domain and urging The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers to approve the City’s application in order to meet the needs of city residents via the Internet."<ref>{{cite web|title=Res 1495-2008 for the .nyc domain|url=http://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=452037&GUID=56099F9C-9337-4FBF-9D20-ED4AD9F6E892&Options=&Search=|publisher=New York City Council|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref>
By the mid-2000s interest in gaining local TLDs had arisen in other cities, notably Paris and Berlin. Some of those proponents contacted Thomas Lowenhaupt, the former Community Board member who had introduced the Queens Resolution. In 2007, with the Bloomberg Administration having indicated that it did not intend to apply for the .nyc TLD, Lowenhaupt formed a non-profit 'Connecting .nyc' to acquire and develop the .nyc TLD for community use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://isoc-ny.org/235 |title=ISOC-NY Public Forum – Connecting .nyc – May 21 |publisher=[[Internet Society|ISOC-NY]] |date=May 17, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> On June 6, 2008 Council Member [[Gale Brewer]] led the introduction of Resolution 1495-2008 supporting "the local efforts to acquire the .nyc Top Level Domain and urging The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers to approve the City’s application in order to meet the needs of city residents via the Internet."<ref>{{cite web |title=Res 1495-2008 for the .nyc domain |url=https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=452037&GUID=56099F9C-9337-4FBF-9D20-ED4AD9F6E892 |publisher=New York City Council |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


At the ICANN meeting in Paris in July 2008 a green light was given for the development of a new TLD application round, including cities.
At the ICANN meeting in Paris in July 2008 a green light was given for the development of a new TLD application round, including cities.
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On October 17, 2008, Brewer held a public hearing in support of her bill. Witnesses included Lowenhaupt, Antony Van Couvering of Names@Work, and Paul Garrin.<ref name="2008hearing"/> Van Couvering proposed that .nyc be run by his company as a purely commercial enterprise, with a portion of the revenue dedicated to benefiting the community. He testified that he was willing to work with Lowenhaupt on community interests. The bill itself would eventually be [[Adjournment sine die|shelved]] at the end of 2009.
On October 17, 2008, Brewer held a public hearing in support of her bill. Witnesses included Lowenhaupt, Antony Van Couvering of Names@Work, and Paul Garrin.<ref name="2008hearing"/> Van Couvering proposed that .nyc be run by his company as a purely commercial enterprise, with a portion of the revenue dedicated to benefiting the community. He testified that he was willing to work with Lowenhaupt on community interests. The bill itself would eventually be [[Adjournment sine die|shelved]] at the end of 2009.


In her February 12, 2009 State of the City address City Council Speaker [[Christine Quinn]] proposed the .nyc TLD as a public-private partnership.<ref>{{cite web|last=Quinn|first=Christine C.|title=State of the City Address, Thursday, February 12, 2009|url=http://council.nyc.gov/html/soc/2009_speech.pdf|publisher=NYC Council|accessdate=July 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527173304/http://council.nyc.gov/html/soc/2009_speech.pdf#|archive-date=May 27, 2010|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> names@work, now under the name DotNYC, opened a new dedicated website which reported on Quinn's speech. "The crowd, made up of elected politicians and dignitaries, literally chanted “Dot N – Y – C” at the end of her description of it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/introducing-nyc/|title=Introducing .NYC|date=February 12, 2009|publisher=DotNYC.net|accessdate=July 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006161907/http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/introducing-nyc/|archive-date=October 6, 2013|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Further press reports were confidently quoted by DotNYC.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lombard|first=Frank|title=City politicians eye '.nyc' domain to generate revenue|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/2.1353/city-politicians-eye-nyc-domain-generate-revenue-article-1.393621|publisher=NY Daily News|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref> These included details that they expected to pay the city a third of all revenue, $3 million per year initially, rising to $10 million a year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press for .NYC|url=http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/press-for-nyc/|publisher=DotNYC.net|accessdate=July 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006161918/http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/press-for-nyc/|archive-date=October 6, 2013|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In June 2009 DotNYC released a testimonial video of former Mayor [[Ed Koch]] saying "DotNYC is the best real estate opportunity since the Dutch bought Manhattan".<ref>{{cite web|title=Outstanding support for DotNYC, LLC|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhaKnxJxrhc|publisher=DotNYC|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref>
In her February 12, 2009 State of the City address City Council Speaker [[Christine Quinn]] proposed the .nyc TLD as a public-private partnership.<ref>{{cite web |last=Quinn |first=Christine C .|title=State of the City Address, Thursday, February 12, 2009 |url=https://council.nyc.gov/press/wp-content/uploads/sites/56/2016/12/2009_speech.pdf |publisher=NYC Council |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> names@work, now under the name DotNYC, opened a new dedicated website which reported on Quinn's speech. "The crowd, made up of elected politicians and dignitaries, literally chanted “Dot N – Y – C” at the end of her description of it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/introducing-nyc/ |title=Introducing .NYC |date=February 12, 2009 |publisher=DotNYC.net |access-date=December 25, 2018 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218203525/http://www.dotnyc.net:80/2009/02/introducing-nyc/ |archive-date=February 18, 2009}}</ref> Further press reports were confidently quoted by DotNYC.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lombardi |first=Frank |title=City politicians eye '.nyc' domain to generate revenue |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2.1353/city-politicians-eye-nyc-domain-generate-revenue-article-1.393621 |date=February 17, 2009 |publisher=NY Daily News |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> These included details that they expected to pay the city a third of all revenue, $3 million per year initially, rising to $10 million a year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press for .NYC |url=http://www.dotnyc.net/2009/02/press-for-nyc/ |publisher=DotNYC.net |access-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728023959/http://www.dotnyc.net:80/2009/02/press-for-nyc/ |archive-date=July 28, 2010 |dead-url=yes}}</ref> In June 2009, DotNYC released a testimonial video of former Mayor [[Ed Koch]] saying "DotNYC is the best real estate opportunity since the Dutch bought Manhattan".<ref>{{cite web |title=Outstanding support for DotNYC, LLC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhaKnxJxrhc |publisher=DotNYC |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


Wheels had been put in motion and, on April 15, 2009, the [[New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications]] (DoITT) issued a [[Request for information|Request for Information]] (RFI). Connecting.nyc published its response <ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.coactivate.org/projects/campaign-for.nyc/rfi-wiki-workspace/dotNYC-RFI-Response-Connecting-nyc-Inc-May-27-2009.doc | title = Connecting.nyc Inc. RFI submission | date = May 27, 2009}}</ref> which called for many names ([[Second-level domain|second level domains]]) to be reserved for community use. On October 5, 2009 a Request for Proposals (RFP) was issued by the City of New York seeking "services to obtain, manage, administer, maintain and market the geographic Top Domain name .nyc."<ref>{{cite web|title=Dept of ITT, NYC request|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/293154-doitt-rfp-final-top-level-domain-10209.html|publisher=Document Cloud|accessdate=July 14, 2013}}</ref> Notably, conditions included that proposals include a system of ensuring nexus with the city, and also a preliminary list of reserved names including all city precincts, schools, districts, and neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isoc-ny.org/902|title=City issues RFP for .nyc management|date=October 5, 2009|publisher=[[Internet Society|ISOC-NY]]}}</ref>
Wheels had been put in motion and, on April 15, 2009, the [[New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications]] (DoITT) issued a [[Request for information|Request for Information]] (RFI). Connecting.nyc published its response<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.coactivate.org/projects/campaign-for.nyc/rfi-wiki-workspace/dotNYC-RFI-Response-Connecting-nyc-Inc-May-27-2009.doc |format=DOC |title=Connecting.nyc Inc. RFI submission |date=May 27, 2009 |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>, which called for many names ([[Second-level domain|second level domains]]) to be reserved for community use. On October 5, 2009 a Request for Proposals (RFP) was issued by the City of New York seeking "services to obtain, manage, administer, maintain and market the geographic Top Domain name .nyc."<ref>{{cite web |title=Services to Obtain, Operate, Manage, Administer, Maintain and Market the Geographic Top Level Domain Name .nyc |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/forward/documents/dotnyc/Appendix%20A.pdf |publisher=NYCC.gov |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> Notably, conditions included that proposals include a system of ensuring nexus with the city, and also a preliminary list of reserved names including all city precincts, schools, districts, and neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isoc-ny.org/902|title=City issues RFP for .nyc management|date=October 5, 2009|publisher=[[Internet Society|ISOC-NY]]}}</ref>


===Creation of .nyc===
===Creation of .nyc===
In March 2012 name.space reported it had filed for trademark protection on a number of its TLDs, including .nyc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domainnews.com/en/namespace-claims-trademark-protection-over-118-gtlds.html |title=Name.space Claims Trademark Protection Over 482 gTLDs |author=David Goldstein |publisher=domainnews |date=March 23, 2012 |access-date=July 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629050135/http://www.domainnews.com/en/namespace-claims-trademark-protection-over-118-gtlds.html# |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
In March 2012, name.space reported it had filed for trademark protection on a number of its TLDs, including .nyc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domainpulse.com/2012/03/26/name-space-claims-trademark-protection-over-482-gtlds/ |title=Name.space Claims Trademark Protection Over 482 gTLDs |first=David |last=Goldstein |publisher=DomainPulse |date=March 26, 2012 |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


In April 2012 the city announced that [[Neustar|NeuStar, Inc.]], a Virginia-based firm, had been selected from the RFP submissions and on June 12, 2012 the City of New York submitted an application to [[ICANN]] for the .nyc TLD. Neustar paid the $185,000 application fee.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
In April 2012 the city announced that [[Neustar|NeuStar, Inc.]], a Virginia-based firm, had been selected from the RFP submissions and on June 12, 2012 the City of New York submitted an application to [[ICANN]] for the .nyc TLD. Neustar paid the $185,000 application fee.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.informationweek.com/government/open-government/nyc-to-apply-for-nyc--domain-/d/d-id/1103503 |title=NYC To Apply For .nyc Domain |date=March 22, 2012 |first=Elizabeth |last=Montalbano |publisher=InformationWeek |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


In May 2012 Garrin wrote to local dignitaries protesting the Neustar contract, and asserting name.space's rights to the .nyc TLD.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thevillager.com/2012/05/17/net-pioneer-needs-help-in-fight-for-rights-to-nyc/|title=’Net pioneer needs help in fight for rights to .nyc|date=May 17, 2012|publisher=The Villager|author=Clayton Patterson|author-link=Clayton Patterson}}</ref>
In May 2012 Garrin wrote to local dignitaries protesting the Neustar contract, and asserting name.space's rights to the .nyc TLD.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thevillager.com/2012/05/17/net-pioneer-needs-help-in-fight-for-rights-to-nyc/ |title='Net pioneer needs help in fight for rights to .nyc |date=May 17, 2012 |publisher=The Villager |first=Clayton |last=Patterson|author-link=Clayton Patterson |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


The application on behalf of the city passed initial evaluation at [[ICANN]] on May 24, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newgtlds.icann.org/sites/default/files/ier/f3T5ufeSpeThAJezaxezuDtE/ie-1-1715-21938-en.pdf|title= Initial Evaluation Report|publisher=[[ICANN]]|date= May 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://seriouslymedia.com/2013/07/02/12/41/08/new-york-city-gets-own-domain-name-as-icann-approves-nyc/|title= New York City gets own domain name as ICANN approves ".nyc"|publisher= Seriously Media|date= July 2, 2013|access-date= July 5, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160707205506/http://seriouslymedia.com/2013/07/02/12/41/08/new-york-city-gets-own-domain-name-as-icann-approves-nyc/|archive-date= July 7, 2016|dead-url= yes|df= mdy-all}}</ref>
The application on behalf of the city passed initial evaluation at [[ICANN]] on May 24, 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newgtlds.icann.org/sites/default/files/ier/f3T5ufeSpeThAJezaxezuDtE/ie-1-1715-21938-en.pdf |title=New gTLD Program: Initial Evaluation Report |publisher=[[ICANN]] |date=May 24, 2013 |format=PDF |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://seriouslymedia.com/2013/07/02/12/41/08/new-york-city-gets-own-domain-name-as-icann-approves-nyc/ |title=New York City gets own domain name as ICANN approves ".nyc" |publisher=Seriously Media |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref>


ICANN delegated .nyc to the [[DNS root zone]] on March 20, 2014.<ref name="icann.org"/>
ICANN delegated .nyc to the [[DNS root zone]] on March 20, 2014.<ref name="icann.org"/>


==Advisory board==
==Advisory board==
On March 22, 2013{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} the .NYC Community Advisory Board was formed. Members include Thomas Lowenhaupt, former ICANN Chair [[Esther Dyson]], and representatives of the local tech and academic community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/digital/html/industry/dotnyc.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620223035/http://www.nyc.gov/html/digital/html/industry/dotnyc.shtml|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-06-20|title=The .NYC Top-Level Domain: www.yourname.nyc|publisher=NYC Digital}}</ref> It was later disbanded.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
On March 22, 2013<ref name="board" /> the .NYC Community Advisory Board was formed. Members include Thomas Lowenhaupt, former ICANN Chair [[Esther Dyson]], and representatives of the local tech and academic community.<ref name="board">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/digital/html/industry/dotnyc.shtml |title=The .NYC Top-Level Domain: www.yourname.nyc |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620223035/http://www.nyc.gov/html/digital/html/industry/dotnyc.shtml |archive-date=June 20, 2013 |publisher=NYC Digital |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> It was later disbanded.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}


==References==
==References==
Line 54: Line 51:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.ownit.nyc}}
* {{official website}}
* [http://www.connecting.nyc Connecting.nyc Inc.] non-profit promoting public interest in .nyc
* [http://www.connecting.nyc Connecting.nyc Inc.] non-profit promoting public interest in .nyc
* [https://namespace.us/ name.space] alternative root system registrar
* [http://namespace.us/ name.space] alternative root system registrar
* [https://ntldstats.com/tld/nyc .nyc] registration statistics at [https://icannwiki.org/NTLDStats nTLDStats]
* [https://ntldstats.com/tld/nyc .nyc] registration statistics at [https://icannwiki.org/NTLDStats nTLDStats]
* [https://icannwiki.org/.nyc .nyc] at [https://icannwiki.org ICANN Wiki]
* [https://icannwiki.org/.nyc .nyc] at the [https://icannwiki.org ICANN Wiki]


===Video===
===Video===
* {{cite web |url= http://www.isoc-ny.org/?p=242 |title= Connecting .nyc forum |author= joly |date= May 21, 2008 |publisher= [[Internet Society|ISOC NY]] }}
* {{cite web |url=http://isoc-ny.org/242 |title=Connecting .nyc forum video |author=joly |date=May 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Internet Society|ISOC NY]] |access-date=December 25, 2018}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.isoc-ny.org/?p=441 |title= .nyc hearing (webcast) |work= NY City Council |author= joly |series= Public hearing |date= Oct 17, 2008 |publisher= ISOC NY }}
* {{cite web |url=http://isoc-ny.org/441 |title=.nyc hearing (webcast) |work=NY City Council |author=joly |series=Public hearing |date=October 17, 2008 |publisher=ISOC NY |access-date=December 25, 2018}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.dotnyc.net/ed-koch |title= Former Mayor Ed Koch Supports DotNYC |date= June 11, 2009 |publisher= DotNYC |deadurl= yes |archive-date= June 17, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090617002156/http://www.dotnyc.net/ed-koch/ |access-date= January 8, 2010 |df= mdy-all }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.dotnyc.net/ed-koch |title=Former Mayor Ed Koch Supports DotNYC |date=June 11, 2009 |publisher=DotNYC |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617002156/http://www.dotnyc.net/ed-koch/ |access-date=December 25, 2018}}
* {{cite web |url=http://isoc-ny.org/p2/3117 |title=.nyc contract hearing friday 3/23 @DoITT #newgtlds #nyc #dotnyc |date=March 23, 2012 |author=joly |work=Notice Board |publisher=ISOC NY |access-date=December 25, 2018}}
** {{youtube|dhaKnxJxrhc|Outstanding support for DotNYC, LLC}} (June 10, 2009)
* {{cite web |url= http://isoc-ny.org/p2/3117 |title= .nyc Contract Hearing |date= Mar 23, 2012 |author= joly |work= Notice Board |publisher= ISOC NY }}
* {{cite web |url=http://isoc-ny.org/p2/6183 |title=VIDEO: #dotNYC Public Workshop and Info Session #ICANN #newgTLDs @nycdigital |date=December 9, 2013 |work=Notice Board |author=joly |publisher=ISOC NY |access-date=December 25, 2018}}
* {{cite web |url= http://isoc-ny.org/p2/6183 |title= .NYC Public Workshop and Info Session |date= Dec 9, 2013 |work= Notice Board |author= joly |publisher= ISOC NY }}


{{United States top-level domains}}
{{United States top-level domains}}

Revision as of 18:59, 25 December 2018

.nyc
IntroducedMarch 20, 2014
TLD typeGeneric top-level domain
StatusDelegated
RegistryNeustar
SponsorCity of New York
Intended useNew York City residents, institutions, and businesses
Registration restrictionsnexus with City
StructureDirect second-level registrations will be allowed
Registry websitewww.ownit.nyc Edit this at Wikidata

.nyc is a top level domain (TLD) for New York City.[1][2] It was delegated to the root zone by ICANN on March 20, 2014.[3]

Background

name.space's proposal

The New York-based company name.space, founded by Paul Garrin, began operating its own alternative root zone system in 1997 including a .nyc top level domain. name.space applied for inclusion of its .nyc, along with a number of other strings, as TLDs in the IANA root during the 2000 ICANN application round.[4] Its application was refused. Another company, Names@Work, also put in an application in 2000 but withdrew for lack of funding.[5]

The first municipal support for the .nyc TLD was the Internet Empowerment Resolution passed by Queens Community Board 3, a local planning unit of the City of New York, on April 19, 2001. The Resolution called for the city's Commission on Public Information and Communication or a public interest organization to acquire and develop the TLD.[6]

By the mid-2000s interest in gaining local TLDs had arisen in other cities, notably Paris and Berlin. Some of those proponents contacted Thomas Lowenhaupt, the former Community Board member who had introduced the Queens Resolution. In 2007, with the Bloomberg Administration having indicated that it did not intend to apply for the .nyc TLD, Lowenhaupt formed a non-profit 'Connecting .nyc' to acquire and develop the .nyc TLD for community use.[7] On June 6, 2008 Council Member Gale Brewer led the introduction of Resolution 1495-2008 supporting "the local efforts to acquire the .nyc Top Level Domain and urging The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers to approve the City’s application in order to meet the needs of city residents via the Internet."[8]

At the ICANN meeting in Paris in July 2008 a green light was given for the development of a new TLD application round, including cities.

On October 17, 2008, Brewer held a public hearing in support of her bill. Witnesses included Lowenhaupt, Antony Van Couvering of Names@Work, and Paul Garrin.[5] Van Couvering proposed that .nyc be run by his company as a purely commercial enterprise, with a portion of the revenue dedicated to benefiting the community. He testified that he was willing to work with Lowenhaupt on community interests. The bill itself would eventually be shelved at the end of 2009.

In her February 12, 2009 State of the City address City Council Speaker Christine Quinn proposed the .nyc TLD as a public-private partnership.[9] names@work, now under the name DotNYC, opened a new dedicated website which reported on Quinn's speech. "The crowd, made up of elected politicians and dignitaries, literally chanted “Dot N – Y – C” at the end of her description of it."[10] Further press reports were confidently quoted by DotNYC.[11] These included details that they expected to pay the city a third of all revenue, $3 million per year initially, rising to $10 million a year.[12] In June 2009, DotNYC released a testimonial video of former Mayor Ed Koch saying "DotNYC is the best real estate opportunity since the Dutch bought Manhattan".[13]

Wheels had been put in motion and, on April 15, 2009, the New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT) issued a Request for Information (RFI). Connecting.nyc published its response[14], which called for many names (second level domains) to be reserved for community use. On October 5, 2009 a Request for Proposals (RFP) was issued by the City of New York seeking "services to obtain, manage, administer, maintain and market the geographic Top Domain name .nyc."[15] Notably, conditions included that proposals include a system of ensuring nexus with the city, and also a preliminary list of reserved names including all city precincts, schools, districts, and neighborhoods.[16]

Creation of .nyc

In March 2012, name.space reported it had filed for trademark protection on a number of its TLDs, including .nyc.[17]

In April 2012 the city announced that NeuStar, Inc., a Virginia-based firm, had been selected from the RFP submissions and on June 12, 2012 the City of New York submitted an application to ICANN for the .nyc TLD. Neustar paid the $185,000 application fee.[18]

In May 2012 Garrin wrote to local dignitaries protesting the Neustar contract, and asserting name.space's rights to the .nyc TLD.[19]

The application on behalf of the city passed initial evaluation at ICANN on May 24, 2013.[20][21]

ICANN delegated .nyc to the DNS root zone on March 20, 2014.[3]

Advisory board

On March 22, 2013[22] the .NYC Community Advisory Board was formed. Members include Thomas Lowenhaupt, former ICANN Chair Esther Dyson, and representatives of the local tech and academic community.[22] It was later disbanded.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Silbert, Sarah (July 2, 2013). "Introducing .nyc: New York City to get its own top-level domain". Engadget. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  2. ^ "'.nyc' wants to go .com". Mail Tribune. October 3, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Delegated Strings". ICANN. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  4. ^ "TLD Application for .ads, .agency, .aids, and others". ICANN. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  5. ^ a b MacFie, Joly (2008). "NYC Council - .nyc public hearing". Punkcast. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  6. ^ "Internet Empowerment Resolution". Queens Community Board. April 19, 2001. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  7. ^ "ISOC-NY Public Forum – Connecting .nyc – May 21". ISOC-NY. May 17, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  8. ^ "Res 1495-2008 for the .nyc domain". New York City Council. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  9. ^ Quinn, Christine C . "State of the City Address, Thursday, February 12, 2009" (PDF). NYC Council. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  10. ^ "Introducing .NYC". DotNYC.net. February 12, 2009. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Retrieved December 25, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Lombardi, Frank (February 17, 2009). "City politicians eye '.nyc' domain to generate revenue". NY Daily News. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  12. ^ "Press for .NYC". DotNYC.net. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Outstanding support for DotNYC, LLC". DotNYC. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  14. ^ "Connecting.nyc Inc. RFI submission" (DOC). May 27, 2009. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  15. ^ "Services to Obtain, Operate, Manage, Administer, Maintain and Market the Geographic Top Level Domain Name .nyc" (PDF). NYCC.gov. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  16. ^ "City issues RFP for .nyc management". ISOC-NY. October 5, 2009.
  17. ^ Goldstein, David (March 26, 2012). "Name.space Claims Trademark Protection Over 482 gTLDs". DomainPulse. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  18. ^ Montalbano, Elizabeth (March 22, 2012). "NYC To Apply For .nyc Domain". InformationWeek. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  19. ^ Patterson, Clayton (May 17, 2012). "'Net pioneer needs help in fight for rights to .nyc". The Villager. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  20. ^ "New gTLD Program: Initial Evaluation Report" (PDF). ICANN. May 24, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  21. ^ "New York City gets own domain name as ICANN approves ".nyc"". Seriously Media. July 2, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
  22. ^ a b "The .NYC Top-Level Domain: www.yourname.nyc". NYC Digital. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Video

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