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==Timeline==
==Timeline==
{| class="wikitable"
|- TIMELINE OF DIPLOMACY
|- TIMELINE OF DIPLOMACY
! Year !! Event
! Year !! Event

Revision as of 14:34, 6 May 2011

Brazil – China relations
Map indicating locations of Brazil and China

Brazil
China

Brazil – People's Republic of China relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Brazil and the People's Republic of China. Relations between Brazil and China began in the early nineteenth century and continued until 1949, when they were disrupted by the creation of the People's Republic of China. Relations were formally re-established on 15 August, 1974. Since then, bilateral ties have witnessed a smooth development in all fields.

History

An early joint undertaking involving Brazil and China began in 1812, when Queen Maria I of Portugal, then based in Brazil, imported Chinese laborers to work on a tea plantation near Rio de Janeiro. In 1900, a fresh wave of immigrants from China settled in São Paulo.[1] Formal relations ended with the 1949 Chinese Revolution and were re-established in 1974. [1] In the 21st century Brazilian businessmen have been somewhat frustrated by what the Financial Times have described as a slow pace of development for some aspects of the relationship. For example, Brazil officially recognised China as a market economy in 2004 but by 2009 the corresponding changes to the trading arrangements had not been implemented. However agreement had been reached on a wide range of issues, and an outstanding personal relationship had been established between the two nation's presidents. In 2010 the second Bric Summit was held in Brazil, with proposals made for increased cooperation between Brazil and China on political and trade related issues as well as energy, mining, financial services and agriculture. [2] [3]

Economics

China became Brazil's largest trading partner in 2009.[4] [2] Former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and many in the Brazilian media consider China to be "Brazil’s most promising business partner and a strategic ally" due to China's "rapidly rising demand for raw materials and agricultural produce".[5] Bilateral trade grew from US$ 6.7 billion in 2003 to US$ 36.7 billion in 2009.[6]

In 2010, despite the generally friendly and close relationship, Brazil was one of the few emerging economies to publicly criticise China's policy in relation to the so called Currency war. Brazil has called for China to allow a faster appreciation of her currency, which would help other countries to better compete against Chinese exports. Brazil also criticised US policy, saying both China and the US should seek to avoid escalating economic tension concerning trade and currency. [7] [8]

Timeline

|- TIMELINE OF DIPLOMACY ! Year !! Event |- | 1974 || Agreement on the Establishment and Operation of Brazil’s Embassies in Beijing and China’s Embassies in Brasilia |- | 1978 || signed the Sino-Brazil Trade Agreement |- | 1979 ||signed the Sino-Brazil Maritime Transportation Agreement |- | 1982 ||Agreement for Cooperation of Science and Technology |- | 1984 ||Brazilian President Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo visited China |- | 1985 ||signed the Agreement for Cooperation of Culture and Education |- | 1988 ||Agreement for Exchange of Notes on the Joint Research and Building of the Chinese Brazilian Remote Sensing Satellite |- | 1990 ||Agreement for Cooperation of Economy and Technology |- | 1994 ||Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Chinese National People's Congress (NPC), Qiao Shi, visited Brazil |- | 1994 ||signed the Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful Application of Outer Space Science and Technology |- | 1995 ||Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Li Ruihuan, visited Brazil |- | 1995 ||Brazilian President Fernando Enrique Cardoso visited China |- | 1996 ||Chinese Premier Li Peng visited Brazil, and the two countries signed the Agreement on Maintenance of the Consulate-general of Brazil in Hong Kong |- | 1997 ||Agreement on Air Services |- | 2000 ||signed the Protocol for Cooperation on Space Science and Technology |- | 2001 ||Chinese President Jiang Zemin visited Brazil |- | May 2004 ||Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula Da Silva visited China |- | June 2006 ||Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the Sub-commission on Energy and Mineral Resources within the Brazil-China High-level Coordination and Cooperation Commission, between the Ministry of Mines and Energy from the Federative Republic of Brazil and the State Development and Reform Commission from the People’s Republic of China |- | November 2006 ||Agreement on the Strengthening of Cooperation in the Area of Implementation of Construction Infrastructure |- | February 2009 ||Protocol between the Federative Republic of Brazil and People’s Republic of China for Cooperation on Energy and Mining |- | May 2009 ||Joint Action Plan, cooperation on areas: political, economic and trade, energy and mining, financial, agricultural, industry and information technology, space cooperation, cultural and educational. According to the Joint Action Plan, Brazil and China will cooperate in World Trade Organization negotiations, especially in agriculture and also jointly oppose protectionism |- | May 2009 ||Memorandum of Understanding on Oil, Equipment and Financing |- | April 2010 ||second BRIC summit in Brasilia |- | April 2010 ||Brazil and China Joint Action Plan 2010-2014 April 15, 2010 |- | Soucre: ||Secretariat for Social Communication Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil – International Area Fact Sheet[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Some Recent Features of Brazil-China Economic Relations CEBC.org, April 2009
  2. ^ a b Jonathan Wheatley (2009-05-19). "Brazil and China cement ties". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  3. ^ By Jonathan Wheatley in Brasília and Jamil Anderlini,in Beijing (2010-04-16). "China and Brazil to boost co-operation". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  4. ^ Malcolm Moore, China overtakes the US as Brazil's largest trading partner, The Telegraph, 9 May 2009
  5. ^ Economic Relations between Brazil and China: A Difficult Partnership Friedrich Ebert Foundation, January 2006
  6. ^ In Brazil, Hu Jintao aims for bigger piece of Latin America trade Christian Science Monitor, 15 April 2010
  7. ^ Geoff Dyer (2010-04-10). "Brazil and India join renminbi call". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  8. ^ Jonathan Wheatley and Joe Leahy in São Paulo (2011-01-09). "Trade war looming, warns Brazil". The Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  9. ^ "Fact Sheet Brazil". Fact Sheet Brazil. Government of Brazil. Retrieved may 6th 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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