Galatasaray S.K. (football): Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 11:07, 27 July 2011
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Full name | Galatasaray Spor Kulúbú | |||
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Nickname(s) | Cim Bom Aslanlar (The Lions) Sarı-Kırmızılılar (Yellow-Reds) | |||
Founded | 20 October 1905 (as the Galata-Serai Football Club)[1] | |||
Ground | Türk Telekom Arena | |||
Capacity | 52,695 | |||
President | Ünal Aysal | |||
Manager | Fatih Terim | |||
League | Süper Lig | |||
2010–11 | Süper Lig, 8th | |||
Website | Club website | |||
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Active departments of Galatasaray S.K. |
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Closed departments of Galatasaray S.K. | ||||||
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Galatasaray Spor Kulübü (Turkish pronunciation: [ɡaɫatasaˈɾaj ˈspoɾ kulyˈby], Galatasaray Sports Club) is a Turkish football club, part of the Galatasaray multi-sport club of Istanbul. Galatasaray is a major sports club in Turkey, holding the joint record for the Turkish Super League titles until the 2010–11 season, and the highest number of Turkish Cups.[2][3] It is one of the three European clubs to ever achieve a continental quadruple, by winning the UEFA Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, the Turkish Super League Championship and the Turkish Cup in 2000. The club's colours are red and yellow, and their home stadium is the Türk Telekom Arena.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/GS_Kuruculari.jpg/220px-GS_Kuruculari.jpg)
Galatasaray was founded in the autumn of 1905, by Galatasaray Lisesi (a high school founded in 1481) students as a football club. Galatasaray's first president was Ali Sami Yen. Their first match was against Cadi Keuy FRC and they won this match by 2–0.[4] There were discussions about the club's name, in which some suggested Gloria (victory) and others Audace (courage), but it was decided that its name would be Galatasaray.[5]
The name Galatasaray itself comes from that of Galatasaray Lisesi, which in turn takes its name from Galata Sarayı Enderûn-u Hümâyûn (Galata Palace Imperial School), the name of the original school founded on the site in 1481, and which in turn took its name from the nearby medieval Genoese colony of Galata. Galatasaray translates directly as 'Galata palace'.
According to researcher Cem Atabeyoğlu, Galatasaray took its name from one of its first matches. In that match, Galatasaray won 2–0 over Rûm club and the spectators called them "Galata Sarayı efendileri" (in English: Gentlemen of City Palace), and, after this incident, they adopted that name and started to call their club "Galata Sarayı". In 1905, during the era of the Ottoman Empire, there were no laws for associations so the club could not be registered officially, but, after the 1912 Law of Association, the club registered legally.[6]
Our aim is to play together, to have a color and a name and to beat the teams of outside of Turkey.
Among with the founder Ali Sami Yen, the co-founders were the ones who were keen to do this sport, such as Asim Tevfik Sonumut, Reşat Şirvani, Cevdet Kalpakçıoğlu, Abidin Daver and Kamil.
At first, the colors of the Galatasaray Sports Club were red and white. These are the colors in the Turkish flag. However, the Turkish Republic was not founded at that time. Therefore, this inspiration caused repressive administration of the day feel uncomfortable and the administration hounded the footballers.[citation needed] For this reason, the colors were changed to yellow and dark blue until 1907. In 1908, new colors were chosen as red and yellow. Ali Sami Yen stated, "After we have been in and out of several shops, we saw two different elegant-looking wool materials in Fatty Yanko’s store at Bahçekapısı (between Eminönü and Sirkeci in Istanbul, now called Bahçekapı). One of them was quite dark red, resembling the cherry color, and the other a rich yellow with a touch of orange. When the sales clerk made the two fabrics fly together with a twist of his hand they became so bright that it reminded us the beauty of a goldfinch. We thought we were looking at the colors flickering in burning fire. We were picturing the yellow-red flames shining on our team and dreaming that it would take us to victories. Indeed it did."[6]
Since there were not any Turkish teams, Galatasaray joined the Istanbul League that was consisting of English and Greek teams in the season of 1905–1906. With their first championship title they won in 1907–1908, they heralded the beginning of Turkish football history.[7]
While the football in Turkey began to fully develop, Galatasaray won ten more Istanbul League titles, six Sunday League titles and three Friday League titles until 1952. Upon recognition of professional football in 1952, the first professional but non-national league of Turkey, Istanbul Professional League played between 1952 and 1959. Galatasaray won three of these seven titles. Galatasaray is also the first Turkish team among the the big teams (Besiktas, Fenerbahce) who is relegated to 2nd division.
Türkiye Profesyonel 1. Ligi (Turkcell Super League today) formed in 1959. This is the top-flight professional league in Turkish nationwide football, and the most popular sporting competition in the country. Galatasaray joined all seasons and won 17 league titles since then.[8]
The Turkish Football Federation starts to organize "Turkish Cup" (today it is organized with the name Fortis Turkey Cup) in the 1962–63 season for Turkish clubs to qualify for the UEFA competitions. This is the only national cup competition in Turkey. Galatasaray joined all seasons and won 14 trophies since then.[9]
Probably the greatest record that club holds is winning national championships in 15 different sport branches in 1986–87 season.[10]
Galatasaray's most successful era came in late 1990s, when the club become the first Turkish football club ever to win a European trophy. They were aided in this by one of Turkey's best generation of home grown footballers who went on to finish third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup and played quarter finals of UEFA Euro 2000. Besides the talented players, visiting teams also disliked traveling into Ali Sami Yen Stadium which is literally called "Hell" by the supporters of Galatasaray due to the intimidating atmosphere provided by the fans including chants and riots in the crowds.[11]
There are many successful footballers that have played for Galatasaray and made their mark on Turkish football history. Few examples may be 1930s national hero Eşfak Aykaç,[12] Boduri who died aged 21,[13] Mehmet Leblebi who scored a domestic record of 14 goals in a single match,[14] Gündüz Kılıç nicknamed Baba (father) who was the coach but also the player of his team in 1950s with great success on both,[15] Bülent-Reha Eken brothers, Suat Mamat who made a hat-trick in 1954 FIFA World Cup,[16] Coşkun Özarı a life devoted to Galatasaray,[17] Turgay Şeren the heroic goalkeeper that called "the Panther of Berlin",[18] Fatih Terim the team captain of Galatasaray and Turkish National Football team for years and won Uefa Cup at 2000 as the coach,[19] Metin Oktay the legendary six time top scorer of the Turkish league,[20] Zoran Simović another skilled goalkeeper known for his penalty saves,[21] Cüneyt Tanman who played a record of 342 games for Galatasaray,[22] Tanju Çolak an extraordinary goalscorer and European Golden Boot 1988 winner with Galatasaray,[23] Cevad Prekazi an Albanian teammate of Tanju specializing in free kicks,[24] Taffarel the world cup winner goalkeeper of Brazil,[25] Gheorghe Hagi, the Romanian football hero who is still described as the best foreign player ever to play in Turkey,[26] Brazilian striker Mário Jardel, who was called Super Mário by the fans and scored Galatasarays only two goals in the European Super Cup Final in 2000 against Real Madrid, and last but not least, Hakan Şükür, the player who scored most goals in the first division of Turkish football history (249 goals).
Name and Pronunciation
The name Galatasaray itself comes from that of Galatasaray Lisesi, which in turn takes its name from Galata Sarayı Enderûn-u Hümâyûn (Galata Palace Imperial School), the name of the original school founded on the site in 1481, and which in turn took its name from the nearby medieval Genoese colony of Galata. Galatasaray translates directly as 'Galata Palace'.
There is no diminutive form of Galatasaray. Fans refer to the club either by its full name or by its nickname "Cim Bom Bom" (pronounced 'Jim Bom Bom') or the shortened 'Cim Bom'. The shortened form 'Gala' is sometimes used in Europe/Americas.
It is important to keep in mind Galatasaray is a compound word and it is pronounced as such. The most common mistake that is done by non-Turkish speakers is to intonate as Gala-tasaray, while the correct enunciation should be Galata-Saray with a very brief pause between the two words.
Team colors
Galatasaray wore red and white colors when founded, then played in dark yellow and dark blue in 1907-1908 season. For a match against the British Royal Navy cruiser HMS Barham football team played in 8 December 1908, Galatasaray finally settled on playing in red and yellow. Ali Sami Yen, the main founder of Galatasaray wrote the following in his diaries: “Our goalkeeper Asım Tevfik, left-forwarder Emin Bülent and right midfielder Ali Sami Yen are commissioned for the task of determining new team colors. “After we have been in and out of several shops, we saw two different elegant-looking wool materials in Fatty Yanko’s store at Bahçekapısı (between Eminönü and Sirkeci in Istanbul, now called Bahçekapı). One of them was quite dark red, resembling the cherry color, and the other a rich yellow with a touch of orange. When the sales clerk made the two fabrics fly together with a twist of his hand they became so bright that it reminded us the beauty of a goldfinch. We thought we were looking at the colors flickering in burning fire. We were picturing the yellow-red flames shining on our team and dreaming that it would take us to victories. Indeed it did.”
The red and yellow were inspired from the colors of the roses which Gül Baba offered to Sultan Bayezid II.[27]
Kit history
Stadium
Stadium history
# | Stadium | Years[28] |
---|---|---|
1 | Papazın Çayır | 1905–1922 |
2 | Taksim Stadi | 1922–1940 |
3 | Şeref Stadi | 1940–1948 |
4 | Dolmabahçe Stadi | 1948–1966 |
5 | Ali Sami Yen Stadi | 1966–1972 |
6 | Dolmabahçe Stadi | 1972–1980 |
7 | Ali Sami Yen Stadi | 1980–1984 |
8 | Dolmabahçe Stadi | 1984–1986 |
9 | Ali Sami Yen Stadi | 1986–2003 |
10 | Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadi | 2003–2004 |
11 | Ali Sami Yen Stadi | 2004–2011 |
12 | Türk Telekom Arena | 2011– |
# | Stadium | Years played |
---|---|---|
1 | Ali Sami Yen Stadi | 34 |
2 | Dolmabahçe Stadi | 28 |
3 | Taksim Stadi | 18 |
4 | Papazın Çayırı | 17 |
5 | Şeref Stadi | 8 |
6 | Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadi | 1 |
7 | Türk Telekom Arena | 1 |
Ali Sami Yen Stadium
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gs-psv-2006-2.jpg/220px-Gs-psv-2006-2.jpg)
Galatasaray played its first years in different fields, since there were not any stadiums in Istanbul. In 1921, the first stadium, Taksim Stadium opened.[29] Galatasaray played there until 1940. When historic Taksim Stadium was demolished, Galatasaray decided to build a large, modern stadium. Due to difficulties stemming from World War II, construction was delayed for over two decades. In this period, they played in İnönü Stadium.
On 20 December 1964, Ali Sami Yen Stadium opened.[30] It is named after the founder of the club, Ali Sami Yen. It is in Mecidiyeköy quarter of the Şişli district at the center of the city. In 1964, the stadium had capacity over 35,000. Today, due to improvements in security and prohibition of non-seater spectators, it has an all-seater capacity of 24,990.[31]
After 2002, when Atatürk Olympic Stadium was built for Istanbul's Olympic Games bid, Galatasaray started to play European Cup matches there. The attendance record among Turkish stadiums was broken there, in Galatasaray–Olympiacos match played in front of 79,414 spectators. Yet, Ali Sami Yen Stadium has historic importance for Galatasaray fans although it is smaller and older.[32]
New Stadium
The new home ground of Galatasaray is the newly built Türk Telekom Arena in the Aslantepe quarter near Maslak financial district in Şişli. The new stadium, which was opened 15 January 2011, has a capacity of 52,695 seats, making it the largest private stadium owned by a club in Turkey.
Stadium Anthem
Since 1998, after every goal scored by Galatasaray, the last part of the song I Will Survive by the Hermes House Band played. Although the song is in English, the part used has no lyrics except "la la la la". This makes it easy for fans to participate.
In addition, before every game the Florida State Warchant is played accompanied by what the fans call a "scarf show" where fans display and wave their Galatasaray scarves, banners and flags.A lot of people call stadium 'Cehennem' (hell) because of stadium anthem[33]
Supporters and rivalries
European matches
Galatasaray fans attach high importance to European competitions, and Galatasaray is known as the Conqueror of Europe by their fans. This nickname underlines the importance of the UEFA Cup and Super Cup Galatasaray managed to win during the 1999–2000 season. Galatasaray fans also have a reputation in Europe as being one of the fiercest in the world, along with ultrAslan. Ryan Giggs once said I've never experienced anything like Galatasaray. Two hours before kick-off, we went out to have a look at the pitch and the stadium was packed! The chanting was brilliant: one side starts, then the other, then quiet, then all of them chanting! The players really enjoyed it. Before it was good, after it wasn't!'
Istanbul derbies
"The big three" clubs of Istanbul, Beşiktaş J.K., Fenerbahçe S.K. and Galatasaray S.K. have a century-long history of rivalry. Fenerbahçe-Galatasaray rivalry is the primary Istanbul derby and the important rivalry in Turkish football.[citation needed] The rivalry has led to violence among supporters on numerous occasions.[34] Other top level İstanbul derbies include the teams; İstanbul BB and Kasımpaşa although these teams pose a minor rivalry as the history and the nation-wide attention to the derbies among the big three is unmatched.
Torches, smoke, drums, flags and giant posters used to create visual grandeur and apply psychological pressure on visiting teams, which fans call "welcoming them to hell".[35]
Records
Galatasaray break the "loudest crowd roar at a sport stadium" record on 18 March 2011 at Galatasaray’s new stadium Türk Telekom Arena in Istanbul. A peak reading of 131.76 dBA was recorded.[36]
Current squad
- As of 20 July 2011[37]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Galatasaray First-Team Squad For recent transfers, see 2011–12 Galatasaray S.K. season.
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Reserves and Academy squad
Former players
For details on former players, see Category:Galatasaray S.K. footballers, List of Galatasaray S.K. footballers and List of foreign football players in Galatasaray.
Club captains
Period | Name |
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1994–1995 | ![]() |
1995–2005 | ![]() |
2005–2008 | ![]() |
2008–2009 | ![]() |
2009–2010 | ![]() |
2010– | ![]() |
Player records
- Most Süper Lig appearances
Bülent Korkmaz – 430
- Most Süper Lig goals
Hakan Şükür – 228
Honours and achievements
International competitions
- UEFA Super Cup:
- Winners (1): 2000
- UEFA Europa League:
- Winners (1): 1999-2000
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
- Quarter-Finals (1): 1991–1992
Domestic competitions
- Turkish Super League:
- Turkish Cup: (record)
- Turkish Super Cup: (record)
- Winners (11): 1966, 1969, 1972, 1982, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2008
Defunct Domestic competitions
- National League:
- Winners (1): 1938-39
- Chancellor Cup:
- Winners (5): 1975, 1979, 1986, 1990, 1995
- TSYD Cup: (shared-record)
- Winners (12): 1963, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1977, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999
- Atatürk Gazi Cup:
- Winners (1): 1928
- 50. Yıl Cup:
- Winners (1):1973
Defunct Regional Titles
- Istanbul Football League: (shared-record)
- Winners (15): 1908-09, 1909–10, 1910–11, 1914–15, 1915–16, 1921–22, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1930–31, 1948–49, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1957–58
- Istanbul Football Cup: (shared-record)
- Winners (2): 1941-42, 1942–43
- Istanbul Shield:
- Winners (1): 1932-33
- Union Club Cup:
- Winners (1): 1909
Presidents
Name | From-To |
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1986–90 |
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1990–96 |
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1996–01 |
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2001–02 |
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2002–08 |
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2008–11 |
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2011- |
Club officials
- Football Management Trade I.C.
Position | Name |
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Football Management Trade Manager | Cüneyt Tanman |
Financial Director | Erdal Aslan |
Facilities Director | Sabit Sır |
Manager of Team | Cenk Ergün |
Press and Operations Officer | Hasan Tankaya |
Sportive Coordinator | Bülent Tulun |
- Coaching staff
Position | Name |
---|---|
Manager | Fatih Terim |
Assistant Manager | Hasan Şaş |
Assistant Manager | Ümit Davala |
Assistant Manager | Tugay Kerimoğlu |
Fitness Coach | Adam Rotchstein |
Trainer | Metin Çakıroğlu |
Fitness Coach | Fatih Yıldız |
Goalkeeping Coach | Claudio Taffarel |
Managerial history
From-to | Names |
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2000–02 | ![]() |
2002–04 | ![]() |
2004–05 | ![]() |
2005–07 | ![]() |
2007–08 | ![]() ![]() |
2008–09 | ![]() ![]() |
2009–10 | ![]() |
2010–11 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
2011–present | ![]() |
Recent seasons
Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Cup Europe Manager 2005/06 TS 1 34 26 5 3 82 34 83 UC 1st round Eric Gerets 2006/07 TS 3 34 15 11 8 58 37 56 UCL group stage Eric Gerets 2007/08 TS 1 34 24 7 3 64 23 79 UC 3rd round Karl-Heinz Feldkamp/Cevat Güler 2008/09 TS 5 34 17 8 9 57 39 61 UC last 16 Michael Skibbe/Bülent Korkmaz 2009/10 TS 3 34 19 7 8 61 35 64 UC last 32 Frank Rijkaard 2010/11 TS 8 34 14 4 16 41 46 46 UC Play-off round Frank Rijkaard/Gheorghe Hagi/Bülent Ünder
Last updated: 23 May 2011
1 Galatasaray SK started season in UCL but joined UC after group stage.
Div. = Division;TS = Turkcell Super League; Pos. = Position; Pl = Match played; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Lost; GS = Goal Scored; GA = Goal Against; P = Points
UCL = UEFA Champions League; UCWC = UEFA Cup Winners' Cup; UC = UEFA Cup; Cup = Fortis Turkey Cup.
Colors: Gold = winner; Silver = runner-up.
Youth Facilities
Galatasaray has one of the most successful youth facilities in Turkey.[38] Gündüz Kılıç Youth Facilities in Florya is the center of the department. Club has been supporting and serving Turkish Football since the Republican Period has given more than 300 footballers to the National teams.
The goal is to raise footballers who are loyal to Galatasaray traditions, who can develop creative ideas, have a high standard of capturing strategical points, fast, technical, powerful, determined, loyal to fair play principles and have respect for the arbitrager, rival and supporters.
Galatasaray Star Team became champions in Europe recently, and Galatasaray S.K. PAF were the champions for three consecutive years in Turkish Youth League between the years 2005–2007 (For the 2007–2008 season, they finished runners-up after Sivasspor).[39]
Football Academy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Gsfutbolokulu.jpg/80px-Gsfutbolokulu.jpg)
Galatasaray football academy trains children between seven and fifteen. This organization is open for the whole year and gives education on technical and strategical areas in football by giving an opportunity to kids to practice what they learn during the lessons.
The organization consists of 75 football academies that are located in Turkey and elsewhere:
- Turkey
Adana, Adıyaman, Ankara(3), Antalya (3), Bandırma, Batman, Bursa, Bingöl,Çorlu, Çorum, Denizli, Düzce, Edirne, Elazığ, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Gebze, Gölcük, Hatay, İnegöl, İzmir, İstanbul(30), Kahramanmaraş, Karaman, Kayseri, Kocaeli, Konya, Kuşadası, Ordu, Malatya, Manisa, Mersin, Midyat, Nusaybin, Sakarya, Torbalı and Zonguldak.
- Australia
Melbourne(2)
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
Sponsorship
Companies that Galatasaray S.K. currently has sponsorship deals with include.
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Notes
- ^ Gayin-sin.net
- ^ Turkish Football Federation Official Website
- ^ Erdinc Sivritepe's Archive
- ^ "First match and foundation". Galatasaray.org. 2007-11-17. [dead link]
- ^ "How Galatasaray Founded". Galatasaray.org. 2007-11-23. [dead link]
- ^ a b "History of founding from official site". Galatasaray.org. 2007-11-22. [dead link]
- ^ "History of Turkish football". Tff.org. 2007-11-21.
- ^ "Türkiye Profesyonel 1. Ligi". Galatasaray.org. 2007-11-21. [dead link]
- ^ "Information about Turkish Cup". Tff.org. 2007-11-20.
- ^ Çakır, Ahmet (2007-05-30). "Beginning of end for Canaydin" (PDF). Zaman Sporvizyon. Retrieved 2007-11-27. [dead link]
- ^ "News about Galatasaray Match". BBC.co.uk. 2007-10-18.
- ^ "Eşfak Aykaç Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Boduri Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Mehmet Leblebi Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Gündüz Kılıç Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Suat Mamat Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24.
- ^ "Coşkun Özarı Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Turgay Şeren Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Fatih Terim Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Metin Oktay Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Zoran Simovic Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Cüneyt Tanman Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Tanju Çolak Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Prekazi Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Taffarel Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Hagi Profile". Galatasaray Official. 2007-11-24. [dead link]
- ^ "Yellow Red since 100 Years". GALATASARAY.ORG.
- ^ TRT Website
- ^ "En Eski Stadı". İstanbul'un Enleri. 2007-09-16. [dead link]
- ^ "Ali Sami Yen Stadium". Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
- ^ "Ali Sami Yen Stadium Information". The Stadium Guide. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
- ^ "Zulümpiyat! Stadı". Fotomaç. 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
- ^ Galatasaray fans show at Youtube
- ^ "Turkey to send anti-terror police to Leeds to protect Galatasaray". CBC. 2000-11-11.
- ^ "Galatasaray find new home while 'Hell' rebuilt". ABC Sport. 2003-06-07. [dead link]
- ^ Loudest Crowd Roar At A Sport Stadium, Guinness World Records, 2011-03-22
- ^ "FUTBOL TAKIMI". Galatasaray.org. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Best youth team in Turkish football history". Galatasaray.org. 2007-11-21. [dead link]
- ^ "List of Youth League Champions". Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
References
- Birand, M. A., & Polat, M. M. (2006). Passion that continues for 100 years. İstanbul: D Yapım. OCLC 164788939
- Turagay, U., Özgün, G., Gökçin, B., Ahunbay (2006). 17 May: The story of a championship. İstanbul: D Yapım. OCLC 169899400
- Hasol, D. (2004). Dreams/realities in Galatasaray. İstanbul: Yapı Yayın. ISBN 978-975-8599-44-8
- Tuncay, B. (2003). Galatasaray with European Success and Notable Players. Yapı Kredi Kü̈ltü̈r Sanat Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-975-08-0427-4
- Yamak, O. (2001). Galatasaray: Story of 95 years. Sinerji. OCLC 59287768
- Çakar, A. (1995). 90 questions about history of Galatasaray SK. Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Demir Ajans Yayınları. OCLC 42434622
- Tekil, S. (1986). History of Galatasaray, 1905–1985. Galatasaray Spor Kulübü. OCLC 25025508
- Tekil, S. (1983). Galatasaray 1905–1982: Memories. Arset Matbaacılık Koll. Şti. OCLC 62614035
- İsfendiyar, F. (1952). History of Galatasaray. İstanbul: [Doğan Kardeş yayınları]. OCLC 27753643
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
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