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Later that evening, however, the Board of Trustees decided to turn down Paterno's offer to resign, instead voting to relieve him of coaching duties effective immediately.<ref name=thamel/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/10/sports/ncaafootball/-joe-paterno-and-graham-spanier-out-at-penn-state.html?pagewanted=all | title=Paterno Is Finished at Penn State, and President Is Out |work=[[The New York Times]] | date=November 9, 2011 | accessdate=2011-11-28 | first=Mark | last=Viera}}</ref> They considered but ultimately rejected the idea of letting Paterno finish out the season, saying that growing outrage at the situation made it impossible for him to be effective.<ref name=thamel/><ref name=facultymember>{{cite news|title=Penn State president blames scandal on Sandusky|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/13/us/penn-state-paterno/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref><ref name=KennedyMcGill>Kennedy, Sam; McGill, Andrew. [http://www.mcall.com/news/breaking/mc-penn-state-trustees-turnaround-20111110,0,3236661.story Trustee: Media frenzy forced board's hand]. ''[[The Morning Call]]'', 2011-11-10.</ref> Unable to reach Paterno personally due to the crowd around his house and not wanting Paterno to find out through the media, the board notified him of their decision over the phone.<ref name="PennLiveAP">{{cite news|url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/03/penn_state_trustees_say_they_f.html|title=Penn State trustees say they fired Joe Paterno over 'failure of leadership' in Jerry Sandusky case|date=March 12, 2012|author=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name=PSUBoardReport>Pennsylvania State University Board of Trustees, [http://live.psu.edu/story/58341 "Report of the Board of Trustees concerning Nov. 9 decisions"], ''Penn State Live'', March 12, 2012</ref> [[Tom Bradley (American football)|Tom Bradley]], Sandusky's successor as defensive coordinator, was named interim head coach for the remainder of the 2011 season. At the same meeting, school president [[Graham Spanier]] resigned rather than face being fired as well.<ref>Frantz, Jeff. [http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/11/is_rodney_erickson_penn_state.html Is Rodney Erickson Penn State president by choice, or necessity?] ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', 2011-11-18.</ref><ref>[http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/11/former_penn_state_president_gr.html Former Penn State president Graham Spanier volunteered to resign, wasn't fired, report says]. ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', 2011-11-17.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7214380/joe-paterno-president-graham-spanier-penn-state | title=Joe Paterno, Graham Spanier out |publisher=ESPN | date=November 9, 2011 | accessdate=2011-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bostonherald.com/news/national/northeast/view/20111202penn_state_trustees_reaffirm_and_ratify_boards_personnel_decisions_on_joe_paterno_and_graham_spanier/srvc=home | title=Penn State trustees 'reaffirm and ratify' board's personnel decisions on Joe Paterno and Graham Spanier | work=[[Boston Herald]] | date=December 2, 2011 | accessdate=2011-12-04 | first=Anne | last=Danahy}}</ref>
Later that evening, however, the Board of Trustees decided to turn down Paterno's offer to resign, instead voting to relieve him of coaching duties effective immediately.<ref name=thamel/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/10/sports/ncaafootball/-joe-paterno-and-graham-spanier-out-at-penn-state.html?pagewanted=all | title=Paterno Is Finished at Penn State, and President Is Out |work=[[The New York Times]] | date=November 9, 2011 | accessdate=2011-11-28 | first=Mark | last=Viera}}</ref> They considered but ultimately rejected the idea of letting Paterno finish out the season, saying that growing outrage at the situation made it impossible for him to be effective.<ref name=thamel/><ref name=facultymember>{{cite news|title=Penn State president blames scandal on Sandusky|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/13/us/penn-state-paterno/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref><ref name=KennedyMcGill>Kennedy, Sam; McGill, Andrew. [http://www.mcall.com/news/breaking/mc-penn-state-trustees-turnaround-20111110,0,3236661.story Trustee: Media frenzy forced board's hand]. ''[[The Morning Call]]'', 2011-11-10.</ref> Unable to reach Paterno personally due to the crowd around his house and not wanting Paterno to find out through the media, the board notified him of their decision over the phone.<ref name="PennLiveAP">{{cite news|url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/03/penn_state_trustees_say_they_f.html|title=Penn State trustees say they fired Joe Paterno over 'failure of leadership' in Jerry Sandusky case|date=March 12, 2012|author=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name=PSUBoardReport>Pennsylvania State University Board of Trustees, [http://live.psu.edu/story/58341 "Report of the Board of Trustees concerning Nov. 9 decisions"], ''Penn State Live'', March 12, 2012</ref> [[Tom Bradley (American football)|Tom Bradley]], Sandusky's successor as defensive coordinator, was named interim head coach for the remainder of the 2011 season. At the same meeting, school president [[Graham Spanier]] resigned rather than face being fired as well.<ref>Frantz, Jeff. [http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/11/is_rodney_erickson_penn_state.html Is Rodney Erickson Penn State president by choice, or necessity?] ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', 2011-11-18.</ref><ref>[http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/11/former_penn_state_president_gr.html Former Penn State president Graham Spanier volunteered to resign, wasn't fired, report says]. ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', 2011-11-17.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7214380/joe-paterno-president-graham-spanier-penn-state | title=Joe Paterno, Graham Spanier out |publisher=ESPN | date=November 9, 2011 | accessdate=2011-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bostonherald.com/news/national/northeast/view/20111202penn_state_trustees_reaffirm_and_ratify_boards_personnel_decisions_on_joe_paterno_and_graham_spanier/srvc=home | title=Penn State trustees 'reaffirm and ratify' board's personnel decisions on Joe Paterno and Graham Spanier | work=[[Boston Herald]] | date=December 2, 2011 | accessdate=2011-12-04 | first=Anne | last=Danahy}}</ref>


Paterno's firing was met with outrage by students and alumni. That night, several thousand Penn State students chanting Paterno's name rioted in the streets, hurling rocks, tearing down street signs and overturning a news van.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/11/sports/ncaafootball/penn-state-students-in-clashes-after-joe-paterno-is-ousted.html|title=Penn State Students Clash With Police in Unrest After Announcement|date=November 10, 2011|accessdate=2011-11-13|author=Schweber, Nate|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Paterno supporters and family members continued to harshly criticize the Board's actions in the months following his death, prompting the Board to release an additional statement explaining their decision. The board said that Paterno had demonstrated a "failure of leadership" by only fulfilling his legal obligation to inform Curley about the 2001 incident and not going to the police himself.<ref name=PennLiveAP /><ref name=PSUBoardReport />
Paterno's firing was met with violence from students and alumni. That night, several thousand Penn State students chanting Paterno's name rioted in the streets, hurling rocks, tearing down street signs and overturning a news van.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/11/sports/ncaafootball/penn-state-students-in-clashes-after-joe-paterno-is-ousted.html|title=Penn State Students Clash With Police in Unrest After Announcement|date=November 10, 2011|accessdate=2011-11-13|author=Schweber, Nate|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Paterno supporters and family members continued to harshly criticize the Board's actions in the months following his death, prompting the Board to release an additional statement explaining their decision. The board said that Paterno had demonstrated a "failure of leadership" by only fulfilling his legal obligation to inform Curley about the 2001 incident and not going to the police himself.<ref name=PennLiveAP /><ref name=PSUBoardReport />


===Posthumous findings===
===Posthumous findings===

Revision as of 03:54, 24 July 2012

Joe Paterno
Joe Paterno at a 2010 rally
Biographical details
Born(1926-12-21)December 21, 1926
Brooklyn, New York
DiedJanuary 22, 2012(2012-01-22) (aged 85)
State College, Pennsylvania
Playing career
Position(s)Quarterback, Cornerback
Head coaching record
Overall298–136–3
Bowls18–12–1
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
2 National (1982, 1986)
1 Big Ten (1994)
Awards
Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year (1986)
5x AFCA COY (1968, 1978, 1982, 1986, 2005)
3x Walter Camp COY (1972, 1994, 2005)
3x Eddie Robinson COY (1978, 1982, 1986)
2x Bobby Dodd COY (1981, 2005)
Paul "Bear" Bryant Award (1986)
3x George Munger Award (1990, 1994, 2005)
Amos Alonzo Stagg Award (2002)
The Home Depot Coach of the Year Award (2005)
Sporting News College Football COY (2005)
3x Big Ten Coach of the Year (1994, 2005, 2008)
College Football Hall of Fame
Inducted in 2007 (profile)

Joseph Vincent "Joe" Paterno (/pəˈtɜːrnoʊ/; December 21, 1926 – January 22, 2012), sometimes referred to as "JoePa," was an American college football coach who was the head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions from 1966 until 2011.[1][2][3][4][5]

In November 2011, he was fired by the university as a result of the child sex abuse scandal at Penn State involving his former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky.[6] An investigation conducted by former FBI director Louis Freeh concluded, in July 2012, that Paterno was complicit in concealing the activities of Sandusky, going so far as to dissuade other university officials from reporting him to the authorities in 2001.[4][5][7] On July 23, 2012, the NCAA vacated all of Penn State's wins from 1998 through 2011 as part of its punishment for the child sex abuse scandal, affecting 111 of the games Paterno had coached.[8]

Paterno was born in Brooklyn, New York and attended Brown University, where he played football both as the quarterback and a cornerback. Originally planning to be a lawyer, he instead signed on as an assistant football coach at Penn State in 1950, persuaded by his college coach Rip Engle who had taken over as Penn State's head coach. In 1966, Paterno was named as Engle's successor. He soon coached the team to two undefeated regular seasons in 1968 and 1969. The team won two national championships—in 1982 and 1986. Paterno coached five undefeated teams that won major bowl games and, in 2007, was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach.In all, he led the Nittany Lions to 37 bowl appearances with 24 wins while turning down offers to coach NFL teams, including the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots.

Paterno died of complications from lung cancer on January 22, 2012.

Early life

Paterno was born December 21, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York, and throughout his life he spoke with a marked Brooklyn accent. His family is of Italian ancestry. In 1944, Paterno graduated from the old Brooklyn Preparatory School. Six weeks later he was drafted into the Army. Paterno spent a year in the Army before being discharged in time to start the 1946 school year at Brown University where his tuition was paid for by Busy Arnold.[9][10]

In college Paterno was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Upsilon chapter).[11] He played quarterback and cornerback for the Brown Bears, and shares the career record for interceptions with Greg Parker at 14.[12] Paterno graduated in 1950. Although his father asked, "For God's sake, what did you go to college for?" after hearing of his career choice,[13] Paterno joined Rip Engle as an assistant coach at Penn State in 1950; Engle had coached five seasons, 1944–1949, at Brown. Engle announced his retirement in February 1966, and Paterno was named his successor.

Coaching history

Paterno's abbreviated 2011 season was his 62nd on the Penn State coaching staff, which gave him the record for most seasons for any football coach at any university. The 2009 season was Paterno's 44th as head coach of the Nittany Lions, passing Amos Alonzo Stagg for the most years as head coach at a single institution in Division I.[14]

Paterno was known for his gameday image—thick glasses, rolled-up pants (by his admission, to save on cleaning bills), white socks and Brooklyn-tinged speech.[15] Reflecting the growth in Penn State's stature during his tenure, Beaver Stadium was expanded six times during his tenure, increasing in size from 46,284 in 1966 to 106,572 in 2001.

In 1995, Paterno apologized for a tirade directed at Rutgers then-head coach Doug Graber at the end of a nationally televised game.[16] Paterno was accused of "making light of sexual assault" in 2006 by the National Organization for Women which called for his resignation, though Penn State later categorized this incident as being "taken out of context" and never seriously considered asking for Paterno's resignation.[17] Paterno also was involved in a road rage incident in 2007.[18]

In 2008, due to a litany of football players' off-the-field legal problems, including 46 Penn State football players having faced 163 criminal charges according to an ESPN analysis of Pennsylvania court records and reports dating to 2002,[19] ESPN questioned Joe Paterno's and the university's control over the Penn State football program by producing and airing an ESPN's Outside the Lines feature covering the subject.[20] Paterno was criticized for his response dismissing the allegations as a "witch hunt", and chiding reporters for asking about problems.[21]

The Pennsylvania State Employees' Retirement System (SERS) revealed Paterno's salary in November 2007: $512,664. He was paid $490,638 in 2006.[22] The figure was not inclusive of other compensation, such as money from television and apparel contracts as well as other bonuses that Paterno and other football bowl subdivision coaches earned, said Robert Gentzel, SERS communications director.[citation needed] The release of these amounts can only come at the university's approval, which Penn State spokeswoman Lisa Powers said will not happen.[citation needed] "I'm paid well, I'm not overpaid," Paterno said during an interview with reporters Wednesday before the salary disclosure. "I got all the money I need".[citation needed]

Bowls and championships

Paterno runs out with his team before the start of a game, September 2007

Joe Paterno holds an official NCAA total of 18 bowl victories. Before the July 23, 2012 NCAA sanctions Paterno temporarily held more bowl victories (24*) than any coach in history. Due to NCAA sanctions arising from the Penn State football program's mishandling of the sexual abuses of Coach Jerry Sandusky, 6 of the PSU bowl wins have been officially vacated for the period between 1998 and 2011.[23] Paterno still tops the list of bowl appearances with 37.[24] Before the NCAA sanctions, he had a bowl record of 24 wins, 12 losses, and 1 tie following a defeat in the 2011 Outback Bowl. Paterno was the only coach with the distinction of having won each of the four major bowls—Rose, Orange, Fiesta, and Sugar—as well as the Cotton Bowl Classic, at least once. Including the 2012 NCAA sanctions, Penn State won at least 3 bowl games in each of the 3 decades between 1970 and 1997.

Paterno led Penn State to two national championships (1982 and 1986) and five undefeated, untied seasons (1968, 1969, 1973, 1986, and 1994). Four of his unbeaten teams (1968, 1969, 1973, and 1994) won major bowl games and were not awarded a national championship.

Penn State under Paterno won the Orange Bowl (1968, 1969, and 1973 (with a 2005 win vacated*)), the Cotton Bowl Classic (1972 and 1974), the Fiesta Bowl (1977, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1991, and 1996), the Liberty Bowl (1979), the Sugar Bowl (1982), the Aloha Bowl (1983), the Holiday Bowl (1989), the Citrus Bowl (1993 (with the 2010 win vacated*)), the Rose Bowl (1994), the Outback Bowl (1995 (with the 1998 & 2006 wins vacated*)) and the Alamo Bowl (1999 (with the 2007 win vacated*)).

After Penn State joined the Big Ten Conference in 1993, the Nittany Lions under Paterno won the Big Ten championship one time (1994), with the NCAA stripping away the 2005 and 2008 first place ties in their July, 2012 sanctions. Paterno had 29 finishes in the Top 10 national rankings.

Awards and honors

Following the 1986 championship season, Paterno was the first college football coach named "Sportsman of the Year" by Sports Illustrated magazine. In 2005, following an 11–1 comeback season in which the Lions won a share of the Big Ten title and a BCS berth, Paterno was named the 2005 AP Coach of the Year, and the 2005 Walter Camp Coach of the Year.

Joe Paterno statue that formerly stood in front of Penn State's Beaver Stadium. The statue was removed by the university on July 22, 2012 and placed in secure storage inside the stadium.

On May 16, 2006, Paterno was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame after the National Football Foundation decided to change its rules and allow any coach over the age of 75 to be eligible for the Hall of Fame instead of having to wait until retirement.[28] However, on November 4, 2006 he was injured during a sideline collision during a game against Wisconsin. As a result of his injuries, he was unable to travel to the induction ceremonies in New York City and the National Football Foundation announced that he would instead be inducted as a part of the Hall of Fame class of 2007.[29] Paterno was inducted on December 4, 2007,[30] and officially enshrined in a ceremony held July 19, 2008.[31]

In 2009, Paterno was named to Sporting News' list of the 50 greatest coaches of all time (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, college basketball, and college football). He is listed in position 13.[32]

In 2010, the Maxwell Football Club of Philadelphia established the Joseph V. Paterno Award, to be awarded annually to the college football coach "who has made a positive impact on his university, his players and his community."[33] Following the breaking of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal the following year, the award was discontinued by the club.[34]

Also in 2010, the Big Ten Conference established the Stagg-Paterno Championship Trophy as the annual trophy to be awarded to the winner of the conference football championship.[35] However, on November 14, 2011, the trophy name was changed to the Stagg Championship Trophy in light of Paterno's purported involvement with the Sandusky child abuse scandal.[36]

Paterno was also nominated for the Presidential Medal of Freedom. However, in light of Paterno's purported involvement with Sandusky child abuse scandal, Senators Toomey and Casey as well as Representative Thompson withdrew their support of Paterno receiving the honor.[37][38][39]

As Penn State football struggled from 2000 to 2004, with an overall 26–33 record in those years, Paterno became the target of criticism from some Penn State faithful. Many in the media attributed Penn State's struggles to Paterno's advancing age. With no apparent plans to retire, contingents of fans and alumni began calling for him to step down. Paterno rebuffed all of this and stated he would fulfill his contract which would expire in 2008.[40]

Paterno announced in a speech in Pittsburgh on May 12, 2005, that he would consider retirement if the 2005 football team had a disappointing season. "If we don't win some games, I've got to get my rear end out of here", Paterno said in a speech at the Duquesne Club. "Simple as that".[41] However, Penn State finished the season with a record of 11–1 and were champions of the Big Ten in 2005. They defeated Florida State 26–23 in triple overtime in the 2006 Orange Bowl.

Child sex abuse scandal and termination

Main article: Penn State child sex abuse scandal

On November 5, 2011, former Penn State defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky was arrested on 40 counts of child sexual abuse occurring between 1994 and 2009, including allegations of incidents on the Penn State campus.[42] A 2011 grand jury investigation reported that then-graduate assistant Mike McQueary told Paterno in 2002 that he had seen Sandusky abusing a 10-year-old boy in Penn State football's shower facilities.[43] According to the report, Paterno notified Athletic Director Tim Curley about the incident, and later notified Gary Schultz, Vice President of Finance and Business,[44] who also oversaw the University Police.[45] Paterno said McQueary informed him that "he had witnessed an incident in the shower... but he at no time related to me the very specific actions contained in the Grand Jury report."[46] In his Grand Jury testimony, Paterno stated that McQueary had described Sandusky "fondling" a young boy in an act he described of a "sexual nature," but stopped short of the graphic rape to which McQueary would later testify.[47][48] Prosecutors stated that Paterno was not accused of any wrongdoing, as he fulfilled his legal obligation to report the incident to his immediate supervisor, Curley. However, he was harshly criticized for not doing more. [49] The victim in the 2002 incident was never identified,[50] and Sandusky continued to sexually abuse children up until his arrest in 2011.[51] On November 7, Pennsylvania state police Commissioner Frank Noonan opined that while Paterno did not violate any laws, anyone with knowledge of possible sexual abuse against minors had a "moral responsibility" to notify police.[52] Despite the gravity of allegations against Sandusky, Paterno did not notify state police.[52][53]

On the night of November 8, hundreds of students gathered in front on Paterno's home in support of the coach. Paterno thanked the crowd and said, "The kids who were victims or whatever they want to say, I think we all ought to say a prayer for them. It's a tough life when people do certain things to you."[54][55] He led the crowd in "We are Penn State" cheers, which unnamed members of the Penn State Board of Trustees viewed as insensitive.[2][56] In part because of the scandal, Paterno announced the following day that he would retire at the end of the season, stating:

. . . I have decided to announce my retirement effective at the end of this season. At this moment the Board of Trustees should not spend a single minute discussing my status. They have far more important matters to address. I want to make this as easy for them as I possibly can.[57][58]

Later that evening, however, the Board of Trustees decided to turn down Paterno's offer to resign, instead voting to relieve him of coaching duties effective immediately.[2][59] They considered but ultimately rejected the idea of letting Paterno finish out the season, saying that growing outrage at the situation made it impossible for him to be effective.[2][60][61] Unable to reach Paterno personally due to the crowd around his house and not wanting Paterno to find out through the media, the board notified him of their decision over the phone.[62][63] Tom Bradley, Sandusky's successor as defensive coordinator, was named interim head coach for the remainder of the 2011 season. At the same meeting, school president Graham Spanier resigned rather than face being fired as well.[64][65][66][67]

Paterno's firing was met with violence from students and alumni. That night, several thousand Penn State students chanting Paterno's name rioted in the streets, hurling rocks, tearing down street signs and overturning a news van.[68] Paterno supporters and family members continued to harshly criticize the Board's actions in the months following his death, prompting the Board to release an additional statement explaining their decision. The board said that Paterno had demonstrated a "failure of leadership" by only fulfilling his legal obligation to inform Curley about the 2001 incident and not going to the police himself.[62][63]

Posthumous findings

Former FBI director Louis Freeh, whose firm was hired by the Penn State Board of Trustees to conduct an independent investigation into the scandal, concluded, after interviewing over 400 people and reviewing over 3.5 million documents, that Paterno, Spanier, Curley and Schultz had deliberately conspired to conceal Sandusky's actions in order to protect publicity surrounding Penn State's vaunted football program. [3][4][5] Freeh's investigation found that by their actions, the four men "failed to protect against a child sexual predator harming children for over a decade." The report concluded that Paterno, along with Schultz, Spanier and Curley "concealed Sandusky's activities from the Board of Trustees, the University community and authorities."[69] Emails uncovered by Freeh’s investigation revealed that Paterno had lied to the grand jury on at least two occasions: first, when testifying that he was unaware of any possible child abuse by Sandusky prior to the 2001 Lasch shower rape, and second, in claiming that he had only once spoken to Tim Curley about the 2001 incident. Emails uncovered by Freeh's team showed Paterno had, in fact, closely followed an earlier 1998 investigation about possible child molestation by Sandusky. In 2001, while Paterno claimed his only discussion regarding McQueary's report to him about Sandusky in the Lasch showers was with Curley immediately following the incident, subsequent emails revealed he had engaged in additional conversations with Curley pressuring him (and Schultz and Spanier) not to report the rape to police. [69][70][71]

In addition, the report said that even after Sandusky's retirement in 1999 Paterno, Schultz, Spanier and Curley "empowered Sandusky to attract potential victims to the campus and football events by allowing him to have continued, unrestricted and unsupervised access to the University's facilities and affiliation with the University's prominent football program."[69]

On July 12, 2012, Mark Parker, president of Nike, Inc., said that Nike will remove Paterno's name from the Joe Paterno Child Development Center, a child care facility at the company's headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon.[72][73]

In a July 14, 2012 article titled "'Paterno Won Sweeter Deal Even as Scandal Played Out'" The New York Times reported that Paterno sought renegotiation of his contract in January 2011, the same month he became aware of the investigation, although his contract did not expire until the end of 2012. The contract renegotiations continued during the same time that Paterno testified before a grand jury about Sandusky. By August 2011, a deal was reached for a $3 million payout if Paterno agreed the 2011 season would be his last. The Times reported that "the board of trustees — bombarded with hate mail and threatened with a defamation lawsuit by Mr. Paterno's family — gave the family virtually everything it wanted, with a package worth roughly $5.5 million." The article stated that the Paterno family has "angrily disputed the conclusions of an independent investigation that asserted Mr. Paterno and other top university officials protected a serial predator in order to "avoid the consequences of bad publicity" for the university, its football program and its coach's reputation." A lawyer for the family also claimed that the retirement package was proposed by Penn State.[74]

On July 17, 2012, Brown University announced their decision to remove Paterno's name from their annual award honoring outstanding male freshman athletes, also stating that his current status in the Brown Athletic Hall of Fame is now under review.[75] After the Freeh report was released, the NCAA vacated all of Paterno's wins from 1998 through 2011 as part of its punishment of Penn State for its response to the child sex abuse scandal.[8]

Views on college football issues

Paterno in 2003

Paterno was a long-time advocate for some type of college football playoff system. The question was posed to him frequently over the years, as only one of his five undefeated teams was voted national champion.[76][77][78]

Paterno believed that scholarship college athletes should receive a modest stipend, so that they have some spending money. As justification, Paterno pointed out that many scholarship athletes are from poor families and that other students have time to hold down a part-time job, whereas busy practice and conditioning schedules prevent college athletes from working during the school year.[79]

Paterno preferred to not play true freshmen. Later in his career, Paterno played true freshmen so as not to be at a competitive disadvantage. Some Penn State recruits, like recruits at many other schools, now graduate from high school a semester early so that they can enroll in college during the spring semester and participate in spring practice. Several team members from the recruiting class of 2005, including Justin King, Anthony Scirrotto, and Derrick Williams, received considerable playing time as true freshmen during the 2005–2006 season.[80]

In 2010, Paterno and former Chicago Bears head coach Mike Ditka suggested that concussions and other injuries in the NFL and college football might be reduced if face masks were done away with.[81]

Penn State's football players were twice recognized for outstanding academic performance by the New America Foundation's Academic Bowl Championship Series while under the leadership of Paterno.[82] The team was ranked number one out of the top 25 ranked BCS teams in 2009 and 2011. The criteria in the rankings include the graduation rate of the team as compared to the rest of university, the difference between the graduation rate of African-American players and the rest of the squad as well as the same statistics for the rest of the students at Penn State, and the graduation rate differences between the African American players and students.[82]

Officiating and instant replay

In 2002, the then 76 year-old Paterno chased down referee Dick Honig in a dead sprint following a 42–35 overtime home loss to Iowa. Paterno saw Tony Johnson catch a pass for a first down with both feet in bounds on the stadium's video replay board, but the play was ruled an incompletion. This being after Penn State had rallied from a 35–13 deficit with 9 minutes left in the game to tie the score at 35, and were driving on their first possession in overtime (a touchdown would have tied the game at 42). Penn State failed on fourth down and Iowa held on for the win.[83]

Just weeks later, in the final minute of the Michigan game, the same wide receiver, Johnson, made a catch which would have given Penn State a first down and put them in range for a game winning field goal. Although Johnson was ruled out of bounds, replays clearly showed that Johnson had both feet in bounds and the catch should have been ruled complete.[84]

In 2004, the Big Ten Conference became the first college football conference to adopt a form of instant replay. The previous two incidents, along with Paterno's public objections, and the Big Ten's Clockgate controversy, are often cited as catalysts for its adoption.[85] Within the next year, almost all of the Division I-A conferences adopted a form of instant replay based on the Big Ten model.[86]

Outside of football

Philanthropy and education

The East wing of the Pattee Library (center) is connected to the Paterno Library (to right, not seen) at Penn State University.

After the announcement of his hiring in 1966, Paterno set out to conduct what he called a "Grand Experiment" in melding athletics and academics in the collegiate environment, an idea that he had learned during his years at Brown.[87] As a result, Penn State's players have consistently demonstrated above-average academic success compared to Division I-A schools nationwide. According to the NCAA's 2008 Graduation Rates Report, Penn State's four-year Graduation Success Rate of 78% easily exceeds the 67% Division I average, second to only Northwestern among Big Ten institutions.[88]

Paterno was also renowned for his charitable contributions to academics at Penn State. He and his wife Sue have contributed over $4 million towards various departments and colleges, including support for the Penn State All-Sports Museum, which opened in 2002, and the Pasquerilla Spiritual Center, which opened in 2003.[89] After helping raise over $13.5 million in funds for the 1997 expansion of Pattee Library, the University named the expansion Paterno Library in their honor.[90]

In 2007, former player Franco Harris and his company R Super Foods honored Paterno for his contributions to Penn State by featuring his story and picture on boxes of Super Donuts and Super Buns in Central PA. A portion of the sales will be donated to an endowment fund for the university library that bears his name.[91]

Paterno also attended the annual Penn State Dance Marathon, a popular weekend-long charity event and the largest student-run philanthropy in the world (it raised over $10 million in 2012), every year to raise money for kids with cancer.

Political interests

Paterno wishes good luck to FIU Coach Mario Cristobal before winning 59–0 in September 2007.

Paterno was a political conservative and a personal friend of former President George H. W. Bush, endorsing the then-candidate in a speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention.[87] Paterno was also a close personal friend of President Gerald R. Ford.[92] In 2004, his son Scott Paterno, an attorney, won the Republican primary for Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district but lost in the November general election to Democratic incumbent Tim Holden.[93]

"I brought my kids up to think for themselves since day one," Joe Paterno said in 2008. "I got a son who's a Republican, who ran for Congress, Scott. I'm a Republican. I've got a son, Jay, who's for Obama. I've got a daughter, who I'm pretty sure she's going to be for Hillary [Clinton]. So God bless America." [94]

Personal life

While serving as an assistant coach, Paterno met freshman Suzanne Pohland,[95] an English literature honors student, at the campus library. Paterno and Pohland, a Latrobe native 13 years his junior, married in 1962, the year she graduated. They had five children: Diana, Joseph Jr. "Jay", Mary Kay, David, and Scott. All of their children are Penn State graduates, and Jay Paterno was the quarterbacks coach at Penn State until his departure following the hiring of new head coach Bill O'Brien on January 7, 2012. The Paternos have seventeen grandchildren.

Paterno and his wife co-authored the children's book We Are Penn State!,[96] which takes place during a typical Penn State homecoming weekend.

Failing health and death

Thousands of Penn State students and faculty came together to honor Paterno at a candlelight vigil at Old Main after his death, January 22, 2012

In November 2006, Paterno was involved in a sideline collision during a game against Wisconsin. He was unable to avoid the play and was struck in the knee by Badgers linebacker DeAndre Levy's helmet. Paterno, then 79 years old, suffered a fractured shin bone and damage to knee ligaments.[97] He coached the 2007 Outback Bowl from the press box before making a full recovery.[98][99]

In November 2008, Paterno had successful hip replacement surgery after spraining his leg while trying to demonstrate onside kicks during a practice session.[100] While recovering, he coached the remainder of the season and the 2009 Rose Bowl from the press box.[101] After sustaining these injuries, he made use of a motorized golf cart to move around the field during practices.

Paterno was injured again in August 2011, after colliding with a player during practice. He sustained hairline fractures to his hip and shoulder. No surgery was required, but Paterno began the 2011 regular season schedule in a wheelchair.

In November 2011, Scott Paterno reported that his father had a treatable form of lung cancer.[102] On January 13, 2012, Paterno was hospitalized in State College for complications relating to his cancer treatment, and he remained there until his death nine days later on January 22, 2012.[103][104] His death resulted in tributes from prominent leaders in the U.S., including former President George H. W. Bush, who called Paterno "an outstanding American who was respected not only on the field of play but in life generally—and he was, without a doubt, a true icon in the world of sports."[105] Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett said of Paterno, "His legacy as the winningest coach in major college football and his generosity to Penn State as an institution and to his players, stand as monuments to his life... His place in our state's history is secure."[105]

Paterno's funeral was held in State College on January 25, 2012.[106] About 750 mourners attended the private ceremony, after which thousands of mourners lined the route of the funeral procession.[107] Paterno was buried in Spring Creek Presbyterian Cemetery just outside of the town.[108] Approximately 12,000 people attended a public memorial service that was held at the Bryce Jordan Center on January 26, 2012.[109][110]

Head coaching record

Paterno has an official career record of 298 wins, 136 losses, and 3 ties.[111] At the time of his death, Paterno had accumulated 409 total collegiate wins, but on July 23, 2012, NCAA rulings officially vacated 111 of Paterno's wins due to the Freeh report on the Penn State football program's handling of child sexual abuser Jerry Sandusky.[112] Based on the criteria used by the NCAA, Paterno no longer holds the record for most victories by an NCAA football coach. Eddie Robinson's 408 victories stands as the official record.[113] In his 46 seasons as a head coach, Paterno had 27 winning seasons.

Year Team Overall Conference Standing Bowl/playoffs Coaches# AP°
Penn State Nittany Lions (Independent) (1966–1992)
1966 Penn State 5–5
1967 Penn State 8–2–1 T Gator 11 10
1968 Penn State 11–0 W Orange 3 2
1969 Penn State 11–0 W Orange 2 2
1970 Penn State 7–3 19 18
1971 Penn State 11–1 W Cotton 11 5
1972 Penn State 10–2 L Sugar 8 10
1973 Penn State 12–0 W Orange 5 5
1974 Penn State 10–2 W Cotton 7 7
1975 Penn State 9–3 L Sugar Bowl 10 10
1976 Penn State 7–5 L Gator
1977 Penn State 11–1 W Fiesta 4 5
1978 Penn State 11–1 L Sugar 4 4
1979 Penn State 8–4 W Liberty 18 20
1980 Penn State 10–2 W Fiesta 8 8
1981 Penn State 10–2 W Fiesta 3 3
1982 Penn State 11–1 W Sugar 1 1
1983 Penn State 8–4–1 W Aloha 17
1984 Penn State 6–5
1985 Penn State 11–1 L Orange 3 3
1986 Penn State 12–0 W Fiesta 1 1
1987 Penn State 8–4 L Citrus
1988 Penn State 5–6
1989 Penn State 8–3–1 W Holiday 14 15
1990 Penn State 9–3 L Blockbuster 10 11
1991 Penn State 11–2 W Fiesta 3 3
1992 Penn State 7–5 L Blockbuster 24
Penn State Nittany Lions (Big Ten Conference) (1993–2011)
1993 Penn State 10–2 6–2 3rd W Citrus 7 8
1994 Penn State 12–0 8–0 1st W Rose 2 2
1995 Penn State 9–3 5–3 T–3rd W Outback 12 13
1996 Penn State 11–2 6–2 T–3rd W Fiesta 7 7
1997 Penn State 9–3 6–2 T–2nd L Citrus 17 16
1998 Penn State* 0-3 (9-3*) 0–3 (5-3*) 11'th (5th*) (W*) Outback 15 17
1999 Penn State* 0-3 (10-3*) 0–3 (5-3*) 11'th (T–4th*) (W*) Alamo 11 11
2000 Penn State* 0-7 (5-7*) 0–4 (4-4*) 11'th (T–6th*)
2001 Penn State* 0-6 (5-6*) 0–4 (4-4*) 11'th (T–4th*)
2002 Penn State* 0-4 (9-4*) 0–3 (5-3*) 11'th (4th*) L Capital One 15 16
2003 Penn State* 0-9 (3-9*) 0–7 (1-7*) 11'th (T–8th*)
2004 Penn State* 0-7 (4-7*) 0–6 (2-6*) 11'th (9th*)
2005 Penn State* 0-1 (11-1*) 0–1 (7-1*) 11'th (T–1st*) (W*) Orange† 3 3
2006 Penn State* 0-4 (9-4*) 0–3 (5-3*) 11'th (T–4th*) (W*) Outback 25 24
2007 Penn State* 0-4 (9-4*) 0–4 (4-4*) 11'th (T–5th*) (W*) Alamo 25
2008 Penn State* 0-2 (11-2*) 0–1 (7-1*) 11'th (T–1st)* L Rose† 8 8
2009 Penn State* 0-4 (11-2*) 0–2 (6-2*) 11'th (T–2nd*) (W*) Capital One 8 9
2010 Penn State* 0-6 (7-6*) 0–4 (4-4*) 11'th (T–4th*) L Outback
2011 Penn State* 0-4 (9-4*)[n 1] 0–2 (6-2*) [n 1] (Leaders)[n 1]
Penn State: 298–136–3 (409–136–3*) 31-54 (95–54*)
Total: 298–136–3 (409–136–3*)
      National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth

*All wins from 1998 through 2011 were vacated by the NCAA as punishment for the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. The decision removed 111 wins and 64 conference wins from Paterno's total. (*) values in parenthesis show original unofficial records from before the July 2012 NCAA sanctions. [114]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Paterno coached the first nine games of the season before he was fired on November 9. Tom Bradley was named interim head coach to replace him.

References

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