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Coordinates: 39°12′53″N 39°28′17″E / 39.21472°N 39.47139°E / 39.21472; 39.47139
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| income = 12,200 TL (41st;
| income = 12,200 TL (41st;
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The '''Tunceli Province''' ([[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]/[[Zazaki]]: ''parêzgeh Dêrsim'', {{lang-tr|Tunceli ili}}) is a [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Alevi]]<ref>[http://ejts.revues.org/index370.html 5According to the "European journal of turkish studies" Tunceli is an Alevi Kurdish province)]</ref> [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] in the [[Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey|Eastern Anatolia region]] of [[Turkey]]. The province was named '''Dersim Province''' (''Dersim vilayeti '' ), then demoted district (''Dersim kazası'' ) and incorporated into [[Elâzığ Province]] in 1926.<ref>[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/TBMM_Album/Cilt1/index.html Album of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey], Vol. 1, p. XXII, Dersim İli, 26.06.1926 tarih ve 404 sayılı Resmi Ceride'de yayımlanan 30.5.1926 tarih ve 877 sayılı Kanunla ilçeye dönüstürülerek Elazıg'a bağlanmıştır.</ref> Finally it was changed to Tunceli Province on January 4, 1936.<ref>Paul J. White, ''Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey'', Zed Books, 2000, ISBN 978-1-85649-822-7, [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=a80KQ4jdOeUC&pg=PA80&dq=4+January+1936+Tunceli&hl=tr&ei=6C5xTOqXDYaMvQPRid1B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=4%20January%201936%20Tunceli&f=false p. 80.]</ref> with the "Law on Administration of the Tunceli Province" (''Tunceli Vilayetinin İdaresi Hakkında Kanun''), no. 2884 of 25 December 1935.<ref>''New perspectives on Turkey'', Issues 1-4, Simon's Rock of Bard College, 1999 [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=uTotAQAAIAAJ&q=Tunceli+25+December+2884&dq=Tunceli+25+December+2884&hl=tr&ei=1CtxTOi0HY7ouAO0--xB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ p. 15.]</ref><ref>Victoria Arakelova, "The Zaza People as a New Ethno-Political Factor in the Region" - in – “Iran & the Caucasus: Research Papers from the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies, Yerevan”, vols.3-4, 1999-2000, pp. 197-408.</ref><ref>G.S. Asatrian, N.Kh. Gevorgian. Zaza Miscellany: Notes on some Religious Customs and Institutions. – A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Prof. J. P. Asmussen ([[Acta Iranica]] - XII). Leiden, 1988, pp. 499-508</ref> But some still call the region by this name. The capital city is [[Tunceli]]. The name of the provincial capital, Kalan, was then officially changed to match with the province's name.
The '''Tunceli Province''' ([[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]/[[Zazaki]]: ''parêzgeh Dêrsim'', {{lang-tr|Tunceli ili}}) is a majority [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Alevi]]<ref>[http://ejts.revues.org/index370.html 5According to the "European journal of turkish studies" Tunceli is an Alevi Kurdish province)]</ref> [[Provinces of Turkey|province]], with a minority [[Sunni]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]]<ref>[http:http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22523,4565c25f287,3ae6ad7c18,0,IRBC,,.html According to the "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)" Tunceli cannot be considered a purely Alevite region)]</ref> population in the [[Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey|Eastern Anatolia region]] of [[Turkey]]. The province was named '''Dersim Province''' (''Dersim vilayeti '' ), then demoted district (''Dersim kazası'' ) and incorporated into [[Elâzığ Province]] in 1926.<ref>[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/TBMM_Album/Cilt1/index.html Album of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey], Vol. 1, p. XXII, Dersim İli, 26.06.1926 tarih ve 404 sayılı Resmi Ceride'de yayımlanan 30.5.1926 tarih ve 877 sayılı Kanunla ilçeye dönüstürülerek Elazıg'a bağlanmıştır.</ref> Finally it was changed to Tunceli Province on January 4, 1936.<ref>Paul J. White, ''Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey'', Zed Books, 2000, ISBN 978-1-85649-822-7, [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=a80KQ4jdOeUC&pg=PA80&dq=4+January+1936+Tunceli&hl=tr&ei=6C5xTOqXDYaMvQPRid1B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=4%20January%201936%20Tunceli&f=false p. 80.]</ref> with the "Law on Administration of the Tunceli Province" (''Tunceli Vilayetinin İdaresi Hakkında Kanun''), no. 2884 of 25 December 1935.<ref>''New perspectives on Turkey'', Issues 1-4, Simon's Rock of Bard College, 1999 [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=uTotAQAAIAAJ&q=Tunceli+25+December+2884&dq=Tunceli+25+December+2884&hl=tr&ei=1CtxTOi0HY7ouAO0--xB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ p. 15.]</ref><ref>Victoria Arakelova, "The Zaza People as a New Ethno-Political Factor in the Region" - in – “Iran & the Caucasus: Research Papers from the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies, Yerevan”, vols.3-4, 1999-2000, pp. 197-408.</ref><ref>G.S. Asatrian, N.Kh. Gevorgian. Zaza Miscellany: Notes on some Religious Customs and Institutions. – A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Prof. J. P. Asmussen ([[Acta Iranica]] - XII). Leiden, 1988, pp. 499-508</ref> But some still call the region by this name. The capital city is [[Tunceli]]. The name of the provincial capital, Kalan, was then officially changed to match with the province's name.


Its adjacent provinces are [[Erzincan Province|Erzincan]] to the north and west, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]] to the south, and [[Bingöl Province|Bingöl]] to the east. The province covers an area of {{convert|7774|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and has a population of 76,699. It has the lowest population density of any province in Turkey, just 9.8 inhabitants/km². Tunceli is the only province of Turkey with an [[Alevi]] majority.
Its adjacent provinces are [[Erzincan Province|Erzincan]] to the north and west, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]] to the south, and [[Bingöl Province|Bingöl]] to the east. The province covers an area of {{convert|7774|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and has a population of 76,699. It has the lowest population density of any province in Turkey, just 9.8 inhabitants/km². Tunceli is the only province of Turkey with an [[Alevi]] majority.

Revision as of 09:16, 22 March 2013

Template:Infobox Province TR The Tunceli Province (Kurdish/Zazaki: parêzgeh Dêrsim, Turkish: Tunceli ili) is a majority Kurdish Alevi[1] province, with a minority Sunni Turkish[2] population in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The province was named Dersim Province (Dersim vilayeti ), then demoted district (Dersim kazası ) and incorporated into Elâzığ Province in 1926.[3] Finally it was changed to Tunceli Province on January 4, 1936.[4] with the "Law on Administration of the Tunceli Province" (Tunceli Vilayetinin İdaresi Hakkında Kanun), no. 2884 of 25 December 1935.[5][6][7] But some still call the region by this name. The capital city is Tunceli. The name of the provincial capital, Kalan, was then officially changed to match with the province's name.

Its adjacent provinces are Erzincan to the north and west, Elazığ to the south, and Bingöl to the east. The province covers an area of 7,774 km2 (3,002 sq mi) and has a population of 76,699. It has the lowest population density of any province in Turkey, just 9.8 inhabitants/km². Tunceli is the only province of Turkey with an Alevi majority.

Tunceli is known for its old buildings such as the Çelebi Ağa Mosque, Sağman Mosque, Elti Hatun Mosque and adjoining Tomb and impressive natural scenery, especially in Munzur Valley National Park, the largest national park of Turkey.

Geography

Tunceli is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

History

The history of the province stretches back to antiquity. It has been mentioned as 'Daranalis' by Ptolemy, and seemingly, it was referred to as 'Daranis' before him. One theory as to the origin of the name associates with the Persian Emperor Darius.

The area that would become Tunceli province formed part of Urartu, Media, the Achaemenid Empire, and the Greater Armenian region of Sophene. Sophene was later contested by the Roman and Parthian Empires and by their respective successors, the Byzantine and Sassanid Empires. Arabs invaded in the 7th century, and Seljuq Turks in the 11th.[8]

As of the end of the 19th century, the region (called "Dersim") was included in the Ottoman sancak (subprovince) of Hozat, depending the city and the vilayet of Mamuret-ül Aziz (Elazığ today), with the exception of the actual district of Pülümür, which depended on the neighboring sancak of Erzincan, then a part of the Vilayet of Erzurum. This status continued through the first years of the Republic of Turkey, until 1936 when the name of the province ("Dersim") was changed to Tunceli, literally 'the land of bronze' in Turkish (tunç meaning 'bronze' and el (in this context) meaning 'land') after the Dersim Rebellion. The center of the province has been fixed in the town of Kalan and the district of Pülümür has been added within the boundaries of the new province.

Districts

Tunceli province is divided into eight districts (capital district in bold):

Although a distinct province, Tunceli was administered from Elazığ until 1947.

Cities and towns

Education

Ninety-eight percent of Tunceli's population has at least a primary school education, leading to one of the highest rates of literacy for a district within Turkey. In 1979/1980 Tunceli had the highest number of students attending universities as well as the top entry points until the only higher education school shut down and converted to a military base.

Tunceli University was established on May 22, 2008.[9] It has departments in international relations, economics, environmental protection engineering, industrial engineering, electronic engineering, computer engineering and mechanical engineering.

References

  1. ^ 5According to the "European journal of turkish studies" Tunceli is an Alevi Kurdish province)
  2. ^ [http:http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22523,4565c25f287,3ae6ad7c18,0,IRBC,,.html According to the "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)" Tunceli cannot be considered a purely Alevite region)]
  3. ^ Album of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Vol. 1, p. XXII, Dersim İli, 26.06.1926 tarih ve 404 sayılı Resmi Ceride'de yayımlanan 30.5.1926 tarih ve 877 sayılı Kanunla ilçeye dönüstürülerek Elazıg'a bağlanmıştır.
  4. ^ Paul J. White, Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey, Zed Books, 2000, ISBN 978-1-85649-822-7, p. 80.
  5. ^ New perspectives on Turkey, Issues 1-4, Simon's Rock of Bard College, 1999 p. 15.
  6. ^ Victoria Arakelova, "The Zaza People as a New Ethno-Political Factor in the Region" - in – “Iran & the Caucasus: Research Papers from the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies, Yerevan”, vols.3-4, 1999-2000, pp. 197-408.
  7. ^ G.S. Asatrian, N.Kh. Gevorgian. Zaza Miscellany: Notes on some Religious Customs and Institutions. – A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Prof. J. P. Asmussen (Acta Iranica - XII). Leiden, 1988, pp. 499-508
  8. ^ Seyfi Cengiz Tarih (2005). History.
  9. ^ Tunceli University Signs Protocol with 4 American Universities

External links

39°12′53″N 39°28′17″E / 39.21472°N 39.47139°E / 39.21472; 39.47139

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