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== Etymology and History ==
== Etymology and History ==
===Pre-Islamic===
===Pre-Islamic===
====Pishdadian====
====Pishdadian and Amard====
Some historians in the past have associated this ancient city with the periods of the first Persian mythological dynasties of Aryan people, the [[Pishdadian Dynasty|Pishdadians]] and the Kianians.
Some historians in the past have associated this ancient city with the periods of the first Persian mythological dynasties of Aryan people, the [[Pishdadian Dynasty|Pishdadians]] and the Kianians.

====Amard====
Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the [[Amard]]s. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of [[Iranian peoples|Aryans]], who had [[Iranian peoples#History and settlement|migrated]] to and settled on the [[Iranian plateau|Iranian Plateau]] from the late 2nd millennium BCE to early 1st millennium BCE. Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word ''Amard'' (''Amui'' in [[Middle Persian|Pahlavi]]). According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of [[Mazandaran]], at least in the period starting from [[Sassanid Empire]] to the [[Ilkhanate]] dynasty of [[Mongol Empire]]. Though they are a [[Medes|Median]] tribe, [[Herodotus]] names a tribe called Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen [[Persian people|Persian]] tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the "A" in the beginning of ''Amardians'', which would mean they are two different tribes.
Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the [[Amard]]s. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of [[Iranian peoples|Aryans]], who had [[Iranian peoples#History and settlement|migrated]] to and settled on the [[Iranian plateau|Iranian Plateau]] from the late 2nd millennium BCE to early 1st millennium BCE. Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word ''Amard'' (''Amui'' in [[Middle Persian|Pahlavi]]). According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of [[Mazandaran]], at least in the period starting from [[Sassanid Empire]] to the [[Ilkhanate]] dynasty of [[Mongol Empire]]. Though they are a [[Medes|Median]] tribe, [[Herodotus]] names a tribe called Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen [[Persian people|Persian]] tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the "A" in the beginning of ''Amardians'', which would mean they are two different tribes.


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===Islam===
===Islam===
Amol Amol In era [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran]] Iran and [[Marashis]] capital of Mazandaran was. The inhabitants of Amol embraced [[Islam]] during the reign of [[Al-Mahdi|Mahdi]] (775–785 CE), the [[Abbasi]] Caliph, after which Islamic structures came into focus here.
Amol In era [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran]] Iran and [[Marashis]] capital of Mazandaran was. The inhabitants of Amol embraced [[Islam]] during the reign of [[Al-Mahdi|Mahdi]] (775–785 CE), the [[Abbasi]] Caliph, after which Islamic structures came into focus here.
After the [[Mongol invasion]], the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that [[Sari, Iran|Sary]] was declared as capital. In the beginning of the 7th century [[After Hijra|AH]] (14th century CE), Hessam-edin Ardeshir, shifted the capital from Sary to Amol, and constructed his palace there. But in 795 AH (1392/1393 AD), the cities of Amol and Sary were plundered by [[Amir Teimoor Gurkani]], and thereafter Amol suffered a setback.
After the [[Mongol invasion]], the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that [[Sari, Iran|Sary]] was declared as capital. In the beginning of the 7th century [[After Hijra|AH]] (14th century CE), Hessam-edin Ardeshir, shifted the capital from Sary to Amol, and constructed his palace there. But in 795 AH (1392/1393 AD), the cities of Amol and Sary were plundered by [[Amir Teimoor Gurkani]], and thereafter Amol suffered a setback.
Today, Amol is a thriving modern metropolis.<ref name="chnpress1">[http://www.chnpress.com/tourism/Attractions/mazandaran/ CHN | Tourism and Travel]. Chnpress.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.</ref>
Today, Amol is a thriving modern metropolis.
{{clear|left}}


====Safavid====
In time [[Safavid]] rulers of Mazandaran, Amol was great boom had a special attachment. Amol It was the favorite place [[Shah Abbas]], who was much beloved by his command was frequented road, in the abutment Haraz river .and livestock and people stopping along the way to the inn opened the road to Sari and Gorgan Contact Amol was, at the time she was built. Of the city as "the capital of the inhabited world" is remembered for its grandeur. and After it several bridge was made.

<center>
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Parthia 001ad.jpg|The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
File:Parthia 001ad.jpg|The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
Image:Median Empire.jpg|Map of the [[Median Empire]] (600 [[Before Christ|BC]]) showing the relative locations of the [[Amardian]] tribe
Image:Median Empire.jpg|Map of the [[Median Empire]] (600 [[Before Christ|BC]]) showing the relative locations of the [[Amardian]] tribe
Image:Alavids-map.png|Map of the [[Alavid]] emirate with Amol as their capital
Image:Alavids-map.png|Map of the [[Alavid]] emirate with Amol as their capital
Image:PG NSW Image jpeg.jpg|Latin (1689): Sea [[Amard]]
</gallery>
</gallery>
</center>


====Contemporary age====
====Contemporary age====
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The Jungle Uprising In 1982 [[Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)]] mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started some wars against Islamic Republic from there. It finally organized a famous uprising in 25 January 1982. This uprising led to a big failure and most of UIC (S) leaders were hanged but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected between some Iranian Leftist organizations.
The Jungle Uprising In 1982 [[Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran)]] mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started some wars against Islamic Republic from there. It finally organized a famous uprising in 25 January 1982. This uprising led to a big failure and most of UIC (S) leaders were hanged but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected between some Iranian Leftist organizations.


====Modern Times====
Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Bazaar and of the Imam Reza street, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. A lot of different construction projects is currently underway, which is going to modernize the City's infrastructure.
In the last few years, many towers and boulevard was built in Amol.
[[File:17 shahrivar.JPG|180px|thumbnail|right|Field 17 Shahrivar]]
== In literature ==
== In literature ==
[[File:The battle of Mazandaran.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Battle History Of Mazandaran]]
Name Amol has come up 16 times in [[Shahnameh]]. In the Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Amol:
Name Amol has come up 16 times in [[Shahnameh]]. In the Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when [[Fereydun]] sets its capital in a city called Amol:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
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==Geography==
==Geography==
Amol is located on the banks of Haraz River 26 25'N 52 21'E. at an altitude of 76 m above sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand, 5610 m, the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol.
Amol is located on the banks of Haraz River 26 25'N 52 21'E. at an altitude of 76 m above sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand, 5610 m, the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol.

==Excavation sites==
In recent years, excavation hill Qaleh Kesh, an ancient was revealed Radiocarbon analysis by Archaeologists has shown the background of the Jewelery and objects grave to be more than [[1st millennium BC]], [[Bronze Age]].


== Events bitter Historical ==
== Events bitter Historical ==
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|}
|}


==Language==
==Language, Religion, Timeline==
{{See also|Mazandarani language}}
{{See also|Mazandarani language}}
Most Amoli people speak the [[Mazandarani language]] ''Tabari'' as a mother tongue. [[Persian language|Persian]] is the most common language spoken in Iran.
Most Amoli people speak the [[Mazandarani language]] ''Tabari'' as a mother tongue. [[Persian language|Persian]] is the most common language spoken in Iran.

==Religion==
At present, the majority of people are followers of [[Shia]] [[Islam]].
At present, the majority of people are followers of [[Shia]] [[Islam]].
Amol, Mazandaran, which has its own calendar months in addition to the official calendar of the moon Tabari used in the [[Yazdgerd]] started.


==Economy==
==Economy==
Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province.
Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province. [[Rice]], [[cereal|grain]], [[fruit]]s, [[cotton]], [[tea]], [[sugarcane]], and [[silk]], are produced in the lowland the.
Industry [[Mineral water]], [[meat]], [[dairy]], [[Wood]] and [[ingots]] the main production industrial are. [[Agriculture]] and [[Tourism]] are the basis economy Amol economic base is in its provincial products. Agriculture has always been a major part of the economy in and around Amol.
[[Rice]], [[cereal|grain]], [[fruit]]s, [[cotton]], [[tea]], [[sugarcane]], and [[silk]] are produced in the lowland the.
[[File:Pol-e-Davazdah Cheshmeh.JPG||320px|thumbnail|left|Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge]]
Industry [[Mineral water]], [[meat]], [[dairy]], [[Wood]] and [[ingots]] the main production industrial are. [[Agriculture]] and [[Tourism]] are the basis economy Amol.


==Culture==
==Culture==
Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Similar scholars political and philosopher. wool, felting, felt hat and mat weaving industry Cultural Amol is.
Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Similar scholars political and philosopher. wool, felting, felt hat and mat weaving industry Cultural Amol is. Barf Chal, Palm and Tiregān The local event will be Which is held each year.

==Amol old city==
===Old district of Amol===
The main body Amol old city is located in the old bazaar Amol.

===Older neighborhoods===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*Kashi Mahaleh (کاشی محله)
*Shahandasht Mahaleh (شاهاندشت محله)
*Mashaei Mahaleh (مشایی محله)
*Bazaar Chahar Soogh (بازار چهارسوق)
*Kardgar Mahaleh (کاردگر محله)
*Gorji Mahaleh (گرجی محله)
*Shahrbanu Mahaleh (شهربانو محله)
*Mosibatan (مصیبتان)
*Espeh-Kola (اسپه کلا)
*Qadikola (قادی کلا)
*Chak Sar (چاکسر)
*Gol Bagh Mahaleh (گلباغ محله)
*Sabze Meydan (سبزه میدان)
*Avam koy (عوام کوی)
{{col-end}}


==Historical and Tourist and Natural Attractions==
==Historical and Tourist and Natural Attractions==
[[File:Amol moalagh(Felezi) bridge.jpg|225px|thumbnail|right|Moalagh Bridge]]
* [[Damavand Mountain]] is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.
* [[Damavand Mountain]] is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.
* [[Tomb of Mir Bozorg]] (Qavam al-Din Marashi Mausoleum<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mir%20Ghavam-O-Din%20Maraashi%20Mausoleum&serial=1267&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Tomb of Mir Bozorg]] (Qavam al-Din Marashi Mausoleum<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mir%20Ghavam-O-Din%20Maraashi%20Mausoleum&serial=1267&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Lar Dam]]
* Naser-Ol-Hagh Mausoleum ([[Hasan al-Utrush]] Tomb tower)<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Naser-Ol-Hagh%20Mausoleum&serial=1270&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Lar National Park]]
* Fire temple Sasanian
* Naser-Ol-Hagh Kabir Mausoleum ([[Hasan al-Utrush]] Tomb tower)<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Naser-Ol-Hagh%20Mausoleum&serial=1270&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Sayyid Haydar Amoli]] (Seyyed Setan Tomb tower)<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Seyyed%20Setan%20Shrine&serial=1449&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Sayyid Haydar Amoli]] (Seyyed Setan Tomb tower)<ref>[http://www.iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Seyyed%20Setan%20Shrine&serial=1449&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=True&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* Ashraf Bath <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=276]</ref>
* Amol Bazaar <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=275]</ref>
* Imamzadeh Abdollah <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=280]</ref>
* Ab Esk (Larijan) Thermal Springs <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=282]</ref>
* Moalagh Bridge
* Moalagh Bridge
* Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge
* Yakhi Waterfall
* Davazdah Cheshmeh (Davazdah Pelleh Bridge)
* Imamzadeh Ibrahim
* Malek Bahman Castle
* Shekl-e-Shah
* Mirza Koochak khan Natural Park (Haraz)
* Dehkade Talaei Park
* Mosque Jame
* Agha Abbas Mosque
* Waterfall Shahandasht
* Waterfall Shahandasht
* Amol Bazaar <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=275]</ref>
* Waterfall Deryook
* Museum of History
* Imamzadeh Ibrahim
* Malek Bahman Castle Shrine
[[File:Malek bahman Castle-best castle iran.jpg|150px|thumbnail|right|Malek Bahman Castle]]
* Shekle Shah (Relief [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]])
* Jame Mosque
* Agha Abbas Mosque
* Yakhi Waterfall
* Waterfall Deryouk
* Bath Shah Abbasi
* Bath Shah Abbasi
* The Sasanian Road
* The Sasanian Road
[[File:Museum history Amol.JPG|150px|thumbnail|right|Museum History]]
* [[Lar Dam]]
* Sangi Bridge Polour
* Saghanefar Hendoukola
* Altar Amol (Atashkadeh Amol)
* Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
* Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
* Village forest Blairan
* Heshtl Tower
* Village and forest Blairan and Alimastan
* Village forest Alimastan
* Gole Zard Cave
* Gol-e Zard Cave
* Ashraf Bath <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=276]</ref>
* Inn Kemboja
* Inn Kemboja
* House Manouchehri
* Home Manochehri
* House Shafahi
* Heshtl Tower
* Sangi Bridge Polour
* Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
* Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
[[File:Mosque Jameh Of Amol.JPG|130px|thumbnail|Mosque]]
* Ghadamgah Khezr Nabi
[[File:Imamzadeh amol ibrahim.JPG|130px|thumbnail|right|Emamzadeh Ebrahim]]
* Ceremony of Aask
* Imamzadeh Qasem Shrine
* Amol Historical Museum
* Imamzadeh Abdollah Shrine <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=280]</ref>
* Mohammad Taher Shrine<ref>[http://iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mohammad%20Taher%20Shrine&serial=2841&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* Mohammad Taher Shrine<ref>[http://iranmiras.ir/en_site/bldg/displayBLDG.asp?title=Mohammad%20Taher%20Shrine&serial=2841&page=3&Province=MZN&city=Amol&chorno=0&sub1=ALL&sub2=All&picture=True&map=False&info=False] {{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
* Ab ask Thermal Springs <ref>[http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=282]</ref>
* Lake Sahon
* Ab Murad Waterfall
* Sang Darka Waterfall
* Dehkadeh Talaei Park
* Ghadamgah Khezr Nabi
* Amoloo Mineral Water Spring
* Forest Park Mirza Kuchik Khan Haraz
* Forest Park Halumsar
* Saghanefar Hendoukola
* Saghanefar Zarrin Kola
* Castle Kahrud
* Abegarm Rineh
* Hosseinieh of Amol
* Bathroom Mir-Safi
* Tomb Darvish Sheikh Ismail
* Robat Sangi Polur
* Prairie anemone of Polur
* Ziaru Jungle
* Haj Ali Arbab House
* Do Berar Peak
* Ancient Hill Qaleh Kesh
* Larijan Thermal Spring
* Kolakchal Mount
* Ghore dagh Mount
[[File:Dehkadeh Talaei Park, Amol.jpg|180px|thumbnail|right|Park Dehkadeh Talaei]]
* Municipal House
* Tekyeh Firuz Kola
* Pol-e Mun Castle
* Tekyeh Oji Abad


==Climate==
==Climate==
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|date=June 2011}}
|date=June 2011}}
-->
-->
==Souvenir==
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = vertical
|width = 100
|image1 = 2014 uncooked Thai jasmine rice.jpg
|caption1 = [[Rice]]
|image2 = Shyrdak on floor.jpg
|caption2 = [[Felt]]
}}
* [[Rice]] (''Berenj'')
* [[Tursu]] (''Torshi'')
* [[Vegetable]] (''Sabzi'')
* [[Kilim]] (''Gelim'')
* [[Pottery]] (''Sofalgari'')
* [[Juglans]] (''Gerdoo'')
* [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]] (''Porteghal'')
* [[Cherry]] (''Gilas'')
* [[Apple]] (''Sib'')
* [[Wood carving]] (''Monabat Kari'')
* [[Honey]] (''Asal'')
* [[Felt]] (''Namad'')
* Local Bread (''Nan Mahali'')
* Pastry Ab dandan
* Pastry Aghooz kenak
* Pastry Saghe aroos
* Naz Khatoon


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
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==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] (839-923) - Historian
* [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] (839-923) - Historian
* [[Arash|Arash the Archer]] - Legendary hero
* [[Arash|Arash the Archer]] - Legendary hero
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* [[Ibn Isfandiyar]] (13th century) - Historian
* [[Ibn Isfandiyar]] (13th century) - Historian
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Seyyed Hayder Amoli]] (1319-1385) - Shi'ite mystic and Sufi leader
* [[Sayyid Haydar Amuli|Seyyed Hayder Amoli]] (1319-1385) - Shi'ite mystic and Sufi leader
{{col-break}}
* [[Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli|Mohammad ibn Mahmud Amoli]] (14th century) - Medieval physician
* [[Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli|Mohammad ibn Mahmud Amoli]] (14th century) - Medieval physician
* [[Dowlatshah|Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah]] (1789-1821) - [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] Prince
* [[Dowlatshah|Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah]] (1789-1821) - [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] Prince
Line 318: Line 414:
* Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani - Sarbadars leader
* Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani - Sarbadars leader
* Abu'l-Abbas Qassab Amuli - Mystic
* Abu'l-Abbas Qassab Amuli - Mystic
{{col-break}}
* Molla Ali Kani (1267-1306) - Learned
* Molla Ali Kani (1267-1306) - Learned
* Moshir al-Saltaneh (1260-1337) - Prime minister
* Moshir al-Saltaneh (1260-1337) - Prime minister
Line 333: Line 430:
* [[Narjes Emamgholinejad]] (b. 1984) - Shooting
* [[Narjes Emamgholinejad]] (b. 1984) - Shooting
* Mohammad Ali Sajjadi (b. 1957) - Director
* Mohammad Ali Sajjadi (b. 1957) - Director
{{col-end}}


==Science==
==Science==
Line 338: Line 436:


===Higher education===
===Higher education===
[[File:Shomal university.jpg|125px|thumbnail|right|Shomal University.jpg]]
Amol has three universities:
Amol has three universities:
* Amol University of Special Modern Technologies the first and only state University of Amol [http://www.ausmt.ac.ir www.ausmt.ac.ir]
* Amol University of Special Modern Technologies the first and only state University of Amol [http://www.ausmt.ac.ir www.ausmt.ac.ir]
Line 353: Line 452:


==Some famous companies==
==Some famous companies==
*[[Garma Electric]] Garma Electric is a Persian E.P.C company.
*[[DESA (company)]] Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company DESA.
*[[DESA (company)]] Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company DESA.
*Kalleh Company<ref>[http://kalleh.com/Default.aspx?tabid=284 About Us]. Dairy.kalleh.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.</ref>
*Kalleh Company<ref>[http://kalleh.com/Default.aspx?tabid=284 About Us]. Dairy.kalleh.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.</ref>
Line 364: Line 462:
*Polur Mineral Water Mazandaran<ref>[http://www.polurco.com/home.htm POLUR]. Polurco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.</ref>
*Polur Mineral Water Mazandaran<ref>[http://www.polurco.com/home.htm POLUR]. Polurco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.</ref>
*Nestle IRAN of the Amol<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nestle.ir/fa/Pages/nestle.aspx |title=Home Nestlé Iran |publisher=Nestle.ir |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
*Nestle IRAN of the Amol<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nestle.ir/fa/Pages/nestle.aspx |title=Home Nestlé Iran |publisher=Nestle.ir |accessdate=2012-03-01}}</ref>
*[[Garma Electric]] Garma Electric is a Persian E.P.C company.


== As the administrative center of Amol county ==
== As the administrative center of Amol county ==
Line 380: Line 479:
*Municipality Hotel (Hotel Shahr)
*Municipality Hotel (Hotel Shahr)
*Space Hotel
*Space Hotel
*Lutos Hotel
*Niloofar Hotel
*Larijan Hotel
*Sadaf Hotel


==Sister cities==
==Sister cities==

Revision as of 07:30, 26 October 2014

Template:Other uses2

Amol
آمل Template:Fa icon
city
Ancient names: Amard, Amardi, Amardian, Amui, Haft Shahr, Tabaristan, Amele, Amol
File:Amol Select.JPG
Country Iran
ProvinceMazandaran
CountyAmol
BakhshCentral
Incorporated (city)1923[1]
Government
 • MayorAmir soleimani[1]
Area
 • city21 km2 (8 sq mi)
Elevation
76 m (249 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • city224,160
 • Density11,000/km2 (28,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
364,692
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30
Postal code
46131-46391[2]
Area code(+98) 11
Websiteamol.org.ir

Amol (Template:Lang-fa – [ɒˈmol]; pronunciationⓘ; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul)[3] is a city in and the administrative center of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, the population of the city proper was 197,470, in 55,183 families.[4]

Amol is located on the Haraz river bank. It is less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Tehran, and 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial administrative center, Sari.[3] Amol is an historical city, with it's age dating back to the Amard.

Etymology and History

Pre-Islamic

Pishdadian and Amard

Some historians in the past have associated this ancient city with the periods of the first Persian mythological dynasties of Aryan people, the Pishdadians and the Kianians. Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the Amards. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of Aryans, who had migrated to and settled on the Iranian Plateau from the late 2nd millennium BCE to early 1st millennium BCE. Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word Amard (Amui in Pahlavi). According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from Sassanid Empire to the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire. Though they are a Median tribe, Herodotus names a tribe called Mardians as one of the ten to fifteen Persian tribes in Persis. It is now known that the only distinction between the Median Amardians and the Persian Mardians is the "A" in the beginning of Amardians, which would mean they are two different tribes.

Parthian Empire

Amol date due to a specific mythology date is marked in Iran is. Amol is an old city, with its age dating back to the Pishdadian, Amard and Parthian Empire. Amol at the time one of the centers Iran was.

Sassanian

According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran, at least in the period starting from the 3rd century CE under Sassanian Empire to the 13/14th century CE under the Ilkhanate dynasty of Mongol Empire.

Islam

Amol In era Alid dynasties of northern Iran Iran and Marashis capital of Mazandaran was. The inhabitants of Amol embraced Islam during the reign of Mahdi (775–785 CE), the Abbasi Caliph, after which Islamic structures came into focus here. After the Mongol invasion, the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that Sary was declared as capital. In the beginning of the 7th century AH (14th century CE), Hessam-edin Ardeshir, shifted the capital from Sary to Amol, and constructed his palace there. But in 795 AH (1392/1393 AD), the cities of Amol and Sary were plundered by Amir Teimoor Gurkani, and thereafter Amol suffered a setback. Today, Amol is a thriving modern metropolis.

Safavid

In time Safavid rulers of Mazandaran, Amol was great boom had a special attachment. Amol It was the favorite place Shah Abbas, who was much beloved by his command was frequented road, in the abutment Haraz river .and livestock and people stopping along the way to the inn opened the road to Sari and Gorgan Contact Amol was, at the time she was built. Of the city as "the capital of the inhabited world" is remembered for its grandeur. and After it several bridge was made.

  • The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
    The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
  • Map of the Median Empire (600 BC) showing the relative locations of the Amardian tribe
    Map of the Median Empire (600 BC) showing the relative locations of the Amardian tribe
  • Map of the Alavid emirate with Amol as their capital
    Map of the Alavid emirate with Amol as their capital
  • Latin (1689): Sea Amard
    Latin (1689): Sea Amard

Contemporary age

Amol figures in the Safavid and Qajar has been the and of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution movements between 1905 and 1911, which led to the establishment of a parliament in Iran. Molla Ali Kani, one Amoli reformists, who led people's had a great role in achievement to the goals of Iran's constitutional revolution.

Contemporary Events

The Jungle Uprising In 1982 Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran) mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started some wars against Islamic Republic from there. It finally organized a famous uprising in 25 January 1982. This uprising led to a big failure and most of UIC (S) leaders were hanged but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected between some Iranian Leftist organizations.

Modern Times

Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Bazaar and of the Imam Reza street, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. A lot of different construction projects is currently underway, which is going to modernize the City's infrastructure. In the last few years, many towers and boulevard was built in Amol.

Field 17 Shahrivar

In literature

The Battle History Of Mazandaran

Name Amol has come up 16 times in Shahnameh. In the Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when Fereydun sets its capital in a city called Amol:

The statue of "Arash the Archer"

Arash story of the Shahnameh:

Geography

Amol is located on the banks of Haraz River 26 25'N 52 21'E. at an altitude of 76 m above sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand, 5610 m, the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol.

Excavation sites

In recent years, excavation hill Qaleh Kesh, an ancient was revealed Radiocarbon analysis by Archaeologists has shown the background of the Jewelery and objects grave to be more than 1st millennium BC, Bronze Age.

Events bitter Historical

  • The war between the Sassanid dynasty and Iran's owners in Amol and Amol Gullies were completely destroyed.
  • Flooding in Mount Dryouk, and the destruction of entire city.
  • Dangerous diseases that plague the year 1198 AH
  • Mongol invasion of Genghis Khan and his descendants to Tabarestan
  • Amir Masoud attack in Amol
  • Samanids attack on royan and Amol with Espahbodan
  • Amir Timur war with the kings Marashis and killing people
  • Shah Ismail and Shah Abbas Safavid wars attack the Amol and killing people
  • Mohammad Khan Qajar attacked the larijan and Amol, killing people and destroy the city

Population

The population history of the city proper is as follows. All figures are official census figures from the Iranian Statistics Institute.[5]

1956 1966 1976 1986 1991 1996 2006 2012
22,251 40,076 68,963 118,242 139,923 159,092 197,470 224,160

Breakdown of 2006 census:[4]

Total Male Female Family
197,470 98,337 99,133 55,183

Language, Religion, Timeline

See also: Mazandarani language

Most Amoli people speak the Mazandarani language Tabari as a mother tongue. Persian is the most common language spoken in Iran. At present, the majority of people are followers of Shia Islam. Amol, Mazandaran, which has its own calendar months in addition to the official calendar of the moon Tabari used in the Yazdgerd started.

Economy

Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, sugarcane, and silk, are produced in the lowland the. Industry Mineral water, meat, dairy, Wood and ingots the main production industrial are. Agriculture and Tourism are the basis economy Amol economic base is in its provincial products. Agriculture has always been a major part of the economy in and around Amol.

Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge

Culture

Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Similar scholars political and philosopher. wool, felting, felt hat and mat weaving industry Cultural Amol is. Barf Chal, Palm and Tiregān The local event will be Which is held each year.

Amol old city

Old district of Amol

The main body Amol old city is located in the old bazaar Amol.

Older neighborhoods

Historical and Tourist and Natural Attractions

Moalagh Bridge
Malek Bahman Castle
  • Shekle Shah (Relief Naser al-Din Shah Qajar)
  • Jame Mosque
  • Agha Abbas Mosque
  • Yakhi Waterfall
  • Waterfall Deryouk
  • Bath Shah Abbasi
  • The Sasanian Road
Museum History
  • Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
  • Village forest Blairan
  • Village forest Alimastan
  • Gol-e Zard Cave
  • Ashraf Bath [10]
  • Inn Kemboja
  • House Manouchehri
  • House Shafahi
  • Heshtl Tower
  • Sangi Bridge Polour
  • Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
Mosque
Emamzadeh Ebrahim
  • Imamzadeh Qasem Shrine
  • Imamzadeh Abdollah Shrine [11]
  • Mohammad Taher Shrine[12]
  • Ab ask Thermal Springs [13]
  • Lake Sahon
  • Ab Murad Waterfall
  • Sang Darka Waterfall
  • Dehkadeh Talaei Park
  • Ghadamgah Khezr Nabi
  • Amoloo Mineral Water Spring
  • Forest Park Mirza Kuchik Khan Haraz
  • Forest Park Halumsar
  • Saghanefar Hendoukola
  • Saghanefar Zarrin Kola
  • Castle Kahrud
  • Abegarm Rineh
  • Hosseinieh of Amol
  • Bathroom Mir-Safi
  • Tomb Darvish Sheikh Ismail
  • Robat Sangi Polur
  • Prairie anemone of Polur
  • Ziaru Jungle
  • Haj Ali Arbab House
  • Do Berar Peak
  • Ancient Hill Qaleh Kesh
  • Larijan Thermal Spring
  • Kolakchal Mount
  • Ghore dagh Mount
Park Dehkadeh Talaei
  • Municipal House
  • Tekyeh Firuz Kola
  • Pol-e Mun Castle
  • Tekyeh Oji Abad

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa).[14]

Climate data for Amol
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.1
(55.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.2
(61.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.7
(83.7) 		30.3
(86.5) 		25.9
(78.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		18.9
(66.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		20.6
(69.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		8.1
(46.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		24
(75) 		25.4
(77.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.2
(50.4) 		15.9
(60.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		3.8
(38.8) 		4
(39) 		7.7
(45.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		16.2
(61.2) 		19.3
(66.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.3
(61.3) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.7
(47.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.2
(52.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 96
(3.8) 		80
(3.1) 		74
(2.9) 		69
(2.7) 		31
(1.2) 		27
(1.1) 		27
(1.1) 		36
(1.4) 		87
(3.4) 		97
(3.8) 		97
(3.8) 		108
(4.3) 		829
(32.6)
Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 96m[14]

Souvenir

Rice
Felt

Transportation

Haraz Road: Road 77 is the most important road from Tehran to northern Iran (province of Mazandaran) besidesKaraj-Chaloos. This road passes from the valley of Haraz river and therefore is also known as Haraz Road between Amol and Rudehen. Haraz road is the nearest road to Mount Damavand, the highest peak in Iran and Middle East. Lar National Park is accessible via this road. The road is the shortest route from Tehran to the north ( 180 km) and in recent years some parts of the road has been widened and the safety has been improved.

Notable people

Science

Amol and the old part of town is the first of the four towns that populate the world in which there is Nezamiyeh. In the 5th century AH, Nizam al-Mulk, in his famous book named "Seer-ul-moluok", recommended creation of modern institutions by the name of Nezamiah with academic status in the big famous cities of Islamic world as Balkh, Baghdad, Damascus, Neishabour, and Bukhara. The name of Amol was also included among them.Most of Allameh the scientific world are born in this city and the cultural capital of the world is Amol.Gold and copper have been expensive and time-old Amol, Amol has been the commercial center Iran.

Higher education

Shomal University.jpg

Amol has three universities:

Some famous companies

  • DESA (company) Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company DESA.
  • Kalleh Company[24]
  • FZ.CO Iran[25]
  • Iranian Money Printing T A K A B[26]
  • Broiler Production Integration[27]
  • Abeskoon[28]
  • NASAJI Babakan[29]
  • Tanbaco Khazar[30]
  • Polur Mineral Water Mazandaran[31]
  • Nestle IRAN of the Amol[32]
  • Garma Electric Garma Electric is a Persian E.P.C company.

As the administrative center of Amol county

Amol is the administrative center of Amol county. Template:Amol County administrative divisions

Sport

Kalleh is a volleyball club based in Amol, Asian champions, currently competing in the highest tier of the Iranian volleyball classification, the Iranian Volleyball Super League. Kaleh also has a basketball team named Kalleh Basketball.

Wrestling and volleyball

Amol is the birthplace of many popular Wrestlers and Volleyball athletes.

Notable wrestlers from Amol include Ghasem Rezaei (Olympic gold medalist), Ali Akbari, Mohsen Hajipour, Nahavandian and in volleyball, Behroz Ataei, Alireza Jadidi, Reza Ghara, Khowrasani, Adel Gholami, Khosro Ghobadi, Shah Gholam and Heshmat Omidi.

Hotels

  • Municipality Hotel (Hotel Shahr)
  • Space Hotel
  • Niloofar Hotel

Sister cities

References

  1. ^ a b Official website
  2. ^ Iran Post Website. Postcode.post.ir (2011-07-11). Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  3. ^ a b Amol can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3053090" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
  5. ^ "Iran Statistics Institute". Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  6. ^ [1] [dead link]
  7. ^ [2] [dead link]
  8. ^ [3] [dead link]
  9. ^ [4]
  10. ^ [5]
  11. ^ [6]
  12. ^ [7] [dead link]
  13. ^ [8]
  14. ^ a b "Climate: Amol - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  15. ^ harazuniversity.ir
  16. ^ موسسه آموزش عالی آمل – صفحه اصلی. Amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  17. ^ دانشگاه علمي كاربردي واحد 5 مازندارن – آمل. Uast-amol.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  18. ^ موسسه آموزش عالی سبز. Sabz.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  19. ^ "دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز آمل". Pnuamol.ac.ir. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  20. ^ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما واحد آیت اله آملی. Amol-samacollege.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  21. ^ amol.mubabol.ac.ir
  22. ^ Institut pasteur d'Iran. Pasteur.ac.ir. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  23. ^ "موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی سمنگان". Samangan.ac.ir. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  24. ^ About Us. Dairy.kalleh.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  25. ^ شرکت فولادین ذوب آمل – فذا. Fzaco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  26. ^ "كارخانه توليد كاغذ اسناد بهادار". Cbi.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  27. ^ "Zarbal". Zarbal.com. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  28. ^ "صنایع آلومینیوم آبسکون". Abeskoon.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  29. ^ nassajibabakan.ir
  30. ^ tanbaco.uc.ir
  31. ^ POLUR. Polurco.com. Retrieved on 2012-03-01.
  32. ^ "Home Nestlé Iran". Nestle.ir. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
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