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'''Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.''', [[doing business as|trading as]] '''Foxconn Technology Group''', is a [[Taiwan]]ese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] electronics [[contract manufacturing]] company headquartered in [[Tucheng District|Tucheng]], [[New Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]. Foxconn is the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE66L0A220100722 "Strikes End at Two Chinese Automotive Suppliers"]. [[Reuters]]. 2010-07-22.
'''Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.''', [[doing business as|trading as]] '''Foxconn Technology Group''', is a [[Taiwan]]ese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] electronics [[contract manufacturing]] company headquartered in [[Tucheng District|Tucheng]], [[New Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]. Foxconn is the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE66L0A220100722 "Strikes End at Two Chinese Automotive Suppliers"]. [[Reuters]]. 2010-07-22.
*[http://circuitsassembly.com/cms/images/stories/ArticleImages/1003/1003buetow_table3.pdf "Table 3. The Circuits Assembly Top 50 EMS Companies, 2009"]. circuitsassembly.com.
*[http://circuitsassembly.com/cms/images/stories/ArticleImages/1003/1003buetow_table3.pdf "Table 3. The Circuits Assembly Top 50 EMS Companies, 2009"]. circuitsassembly.com.
*Buetow, Mike (March 2010). [http://circuitsassembly.com/cms/magazine/209/9558/ "The Trials of 2009"]. circuitsassembly.com.</ref> and the [[List of the largest information technology companies|fourth-largest information technology company]] by revenue.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.computerwire.com/companies/lists/list/?listid=7A7B551F-A6C8-47AC-B3AE-3879873B5E23 | title=Top 50 Global Technology Companies | publisher=Datamonitor}}</ref> It is the largest private employer in [[China]] and one of the largest employers worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/technology/apple-iphone-china-foxconn.html|title=How China Build 'iPhone City' With Billions in Perks for Apple's Partner|publisher=The New York Times|date=2016-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/06/worlds-10-biggest-employers/|title=Who is the world’s biggest employer? The answer might not be what you expect.|publisher=World Economic Forums|accessdate=2017-07-28}}</ref> Its founder and chairman is [[Terry Gou]].
*Buetow, Mike (March 2010). [http://circuitsassembly.com/cms/magazine/209/9558/ "The Trials of 2009"]. circuitsassembly.com.</ref> and the [[List of the largest information technology companies|fourth-largest information technology company]] by revenue.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.computerwire.com/companies/lists/list/?listid=7A7B551F-A6C8-47AC-B3AE-3879873B5E23 | title=Top 50 Global Technology Companies | publisher=Datamonitor | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203153756/http://www.computerwire.com/companies/lists/list/?listid=7A7B551F-A6C8-47AC-B3AE-3879873B5E23 | archivedate=2009-02-03 | df= }}</ref> It is the largest private employer in [[China]] and one of the largest employers worldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/technology/apple-iphone-china-foxconn.html|title=How China Build 'iPhone City' With Billions in Perks for Apple's Partner|publisher=The New York Times|date=2016-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/06/worlds-10-biggest-employers/|title=Who is the world’s biggest employer? The answer might not be what you expect.|publisher=World Economic Forums|accessdate=2017-07-28}}</ref> Its founder and chairman is [[Terry Gou]].


Foxconn is primarily a [[contract manufacturer]]; its clients include major American, Canadian, Chinese, Finnish, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable customers and products the company manufactures for include [[BlackBerry]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/12/20/blackberry-earnings/4140253/ | work=USA Today | first1=Brett | last1=Molina | title=BlackBerry shares surge 15.5% on Foxconn deal | date=2013-12-20}}</ref> [[iPad]],<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/11/23/businessinsider-apple-adding-more-ipad-production-lines-to-meet-holiday-and-2011-demand-2010-11.DTL "Apple Adding More iPad Production Lines To Meet Holiday and 2011 Demand"]. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 2010-11-23.</ref> [[iPhone]], [[iPod]],<ref name=wsj>[http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB118677584137994489 "The Forbidden City of Terry Gou"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. 2007-08-11.</ref> [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]],<ref name=computerworld/> [[Nintendo 3DS]], [[Microsoft Mobile|Nokia]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Nintendo Switch]], and [[Xbox One]].<ref>[http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/18/iphone-wii-u-manufacturer-admits-to-employing-children/ "iPhone, Wii U Manufacturer Admits to Employing Children"]. [[IGN]]. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.</ref>
Foxconn is primarily a [[contract manufacturer]]; its clients include major American, Canadian, Chinese, Finnish, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable customers and products the company manufactures for include [[BlackBerry]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/12/20/blackberry-earnings/4140253/ | work=USA Today | first1=Brett | last1=Molina | title=BlackBerry shares surge 15.5% on Foxconn deal | date=2013-12-20}}</ref> [[iPad]],<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/11/23/businessinsider-apple-adding-more-ipad-production-lines-to-meet-holiday-and-2011-demand-2010-11.DTL "Apple Adding More iPad Production Lines To Meet Holiday and 2011 Demand"]. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 2010-11-23.</ref> [[iPhone]], [[iPod]],<ref name=wsj>[http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB118677584137994489 "The Forbidden City of Terry Gou"]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. 2007-08-11.</ref> [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]],<ref name=computerworld/> [[Nintendo 3DS]], [[Microsoft Mobile|Nokia]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Nintendo Switch]], and [[Xbox One]].<ref>[http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/18/iphone-wii-u-manufacturer-admits-to-employing-children/ "iPhone, Wii U Manufacturer Admits to Employing Children"]. [[IGN]]. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.</ref>
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On February 25, 2016, [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] accepted the ¥700 billion (US$6.24 billion) takeover bid from Foxconn that acquires over 66 percent of Sharp's voting stock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/24/11111488/sharp-foxconn-6-24-billion-takeover|title=Sharp accepts $6.24 billion takeover bid from Foxconn |work=The Verge|accessdate=26 February 2016}}</ref> However, hours later the deal was put on hold after "contingent liabilities... worth perhaps billions of dollars...came to light."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/624515/why-did-foxconn-buy-sharp-its-all-about-the-iphone/|title=Why would Foxconn buy Sharp? It’s all about the iPhone|work=Quartz|accessdate=3 March 2016}}</ref> A joint press statement released on 30 March 2016 finalised the deal but at a price significantly lower than a month earlier.<ref>|url=http://www.sharp-world.com/corporate/news/160330.pdf</ref>
On February 25, 2016, [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] accepted the ¥700 billion (US$6.24 billion) takeover bid from Foxconn that acquires over 66 percent of Sharp's voting stock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/24/11111488/sharp-foxconn-6-24-billion-takeover|title=Sharp accepts $6.24 billion takeover bid from Foxconn |work=The Verge|accessdate=26 February 2016}}</ref> However, hours later the deal was put on hold after "contingent liabilities... worth perhaps billions of dollars...came to light."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/624515/why-did-foxconn-buy-sharp-its-all-about-the-iphone/|title=Why would Foxconn buy Sharp? It’s all about the iPhone|work=Quartz|accessdate=3 March 2016}}</ref> A joint press statement released on 30 March 2016 finalised the deal but at a price significantly lower than a month earlier.<ref>|url=http://www.sharp-world.com/corporate/news/160330.pdf</ref>


In 2016, Foxconn, together with [[Tencent]] and luxury-car dealer [[Harmony New Energy Auto]] founded [[Future Mobility]], a car startup that aims to sell all-electric fully autonomous premium cars in 2020.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/tencent-backed-company-aims-to-launch-smart-electric-cars-before-2020-1468302895] {{dead link|date=July 2017}}</ref>
In 2016, Foxconn, together with [[Tencent]] and luxury-car dealer [[Harmony New Energy Auto]] founded [[Future Mobility]], a car startup that aims to sell all-electric fully autonomous premium cars in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/tencent-backed-company-aims-to-launch-smart-electric-cars-before-2020-1468302895 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-03-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331030437/https://www.wsj.com/articles/tencent-backed-company-aims-to-launch-smart-electric-cars-before-2020-1468302895 |archivedate=2017-03-31 |df= }} </ref>


==International Operations==
==International Operations==
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===Brazil===
===Brazil===
All company facilities in [[South America]] are located in [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxconn.com/WorldLayout.html |title=Global Distribution|website= Foxconn Technology Group}}</ref> and these include mobile phone factories in [[Manaus]] and [[Indaiatuba]] as well as production bases in [[Jundiai]], [[Sorocaba]], and [[Santa Rita do Sapucaí]].<ref>{{cite web| last = Fávaro | first = Tatiana | title = Filial no Brasil acusada de pressão no trabalho | trans_title=Subsidiary in Brazil accused of pressure at work | date = 2011-04-24 | url = http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20110424/not_imp710000,0.php | language = Portuguese | accessdate = 2011-06-06}}</ref> The company is considering more investments in Brazil.<ref name=privsec>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/13/us-brazil-foxconn-idUSTRE73B6BD20110413 |title=Foxconn Says Looking at Investment Opportunities in Brazil|work= [[Reuters]]|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref>
All company facilities in [[South America]] are located in [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxconn.com/WorldLayout.html |title=Global Distribution |website=Foxconn Technology Group |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518203243/http://www.foxconn.com/WorldLayout.html |archivedate=2011-05-18 |df= }}</ref> and these include mobile phone factories in [[Manaus]] and [[Indaiatuba]] as well as production bases in [[Jundiai]], [[Sorocaba]], and [[Santa Rita do Sapucaí]].<ref>{{cite web| last = Fávaro | first = Tatiana | title = Filial no Brasil acusada de pressão no trabalho | trans_title=Subsidiary in Brazil accused of pressure at work | date = 2011-04-24 | url = http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20110424/not_imp710000,0.php | language = Portuguese | accessdate = 2011-06-06}}</ref> The company is considering more investments in Brazil.<ref name=privsec>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/13/us-brazil-foxconn-idUSTRE73B6BD20110413 |title=Foxconn Says Looking at Investment Opportunities in Brazil|work= [[Reuters]]|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref>


===Europe===
===Europe===
[[File:Foxconn Pardubice.JPG|thumb|A Foxconn factory in the [[Czech Republic]]]]
[[File:Foxconn Pardubice.JPG|thumb|A Foxconn factory in the [[Czech Republic]]]]
Foxconn has factories in [[Hungary]],<ref name=foxconnhungary>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/28/foxconn-hungary-idUSLS70671520081128 |title=Foxconn to lay off 1,500 in Hungary as orders drop|work=Reuters|date= March 30, 2012}}</ref> [[Slovakia]],<ref name=privsec/> [[Turkey]]<ref name=foxconnturkey>[http://www.foxconn.com/tr/en/hakkimizda.html "Foxconn Turkey"]. foxconn.com. 2015-01-13.</ref> and the [[Czech Republic]].<ref name=officialabout>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxconn.com/CompanyIntro.html |title=About Foxconn: Group Profile|website= Foxconn Technology Group}}</ref> Foxconn factories are strategically located in Europe to ensure rapid fulfillment for its customers. It is the second-largest exporter in the Czech Republic.<ref name=officialabout/>
Foxconn has factories in [[Hungary]],<ref name=foxconnhungary>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/28/foxconn-hungary-idUSLS70671520081128 |title=Foxconn to lay off 1,500 in Hungary as orders drop|work=Reuters|date= March 30, 2012}}</ref> [[Slovakia]],<ref name=privsec/> [[Turkey]]<ref name=foxconnturkey>[http://www.foxconn.com/tr/en/hakkimizda.html "Foxconn Turkey"]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. foxconn.com. 2015-01-13.</ref> and the [[Czech Republic]].<ref name=officialabout>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxconn.com/CompanyIntro.html |title=About Foxconn: Group Profile |website=Foxconn Technology Group |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518181119/http://www.foxconn.com/CompanyIntro.html |archivedate=2011-05-18 |df= }}</ref> Foxconn factories are strategically located in Europe to ensure rapid fulfillment for its customers. It is the second-largest exporter in the Czech Republic.<ref name=officialabout/>


===India===
===India===
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===Malaysia===
===Malaysia===
As of 2011, Foxconn had at least seven factories in [[Johor]] state,<ref>{{cite news | script-title=zh:柔古来富士康集团 低调办非正式剪彩 |trans_title=Foxconn Group to do a low-key ribbon-cutting| language = Chinese | publisher = MCIL Multimedia Sdn Bhd | date = 2011-09-27 | url =http://nanyang.com/node/385829?tid=460| accessdate = 2012-02-16}}</ref> possibly at [[Kulai]], where it is developing an industrial park that will include four factories once completed.<ref>{{cite news | last =Oleh Mahanum | first =Abdul Aziz | title =Hon Hai cadang bina 4 kilang di Malaysia |trans_title=Hon Hai proposed to build four plants in Malaysia| language = Malay | publisher = The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) | date =2011-09-03 | url=http://www.bharian.com.my/articles/HonHaicadangbina4kilangdiMalaysia/Article/ | accessdate = 2012-02-16}}</ref>
As of 2011, Foxconn had at least seven factories in [[Johor]] state,<ref>{{cite news | script-title = zh:柔古来富士康集团 低调办非正式剪彩 | trans_title = Foxconn Group to do a low-key ribbon-cutting | language = Chinese | publisher = MCIL Multimedia Sdn Bhd | date = 2011-09-27 | url = http://nanyang.com/node/385829?tid=460 | accessdate = 2012-02-16 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928091858/http://www.nanyang.com/node/385829?tid=460 | archivedate = 2011-09-28 | df = }}</ref> possibly at [[Kulai]], where it is developing an industrial park that will include four factories once completed.<ref>{{cite news | last =Oleh Mahanum | first =Abdul Aziz | title =Hon Hai cadang bina 4 kilang di Malaysia |trans_title=Hon Hai proposed to build four plants in Malaysia| language = Malay | publisher = The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) | date =2011-09-03 | url=http://www.bharian.com.my/articles/HonHaicadangbina4kilangdiMalaysia/Article/ | accessdate = 2012-02-16}}</ref>


===Mexico===
===Mexico===
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*[[Sony]] (Japan)<ref name=plays>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Sony+Sources+Foxconn+to+Help+Manufacture+PS3/article8894.htm |title=Sony Sources Foxconn to Help Manufacture PS3 |publisher=DailyTech |date= |accessdate=2012-02-01}}</ref>
*[[Sony]] (Japan)<ref name=plays>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Sony+Sources+Foxconn+to+Help+Manufacture+PS3/article8894.htm |title=Sony Sources Foxconn to Help Manufacture PS3 |publisher=DailyTech |date= |accessdate=2012-02-01}}</ref>
*[[Toshiba]] (Japan)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/09/the-dilemma-of-cheap-electronics/ |title= The Dilemma of Cheap Electronics |publisher=The New York Times |date= 2012-02-09|accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref>
*[[Toshiba]] (Japan)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/09/the-dilemma-of-cheap-electronics/ |title= The Dilemma of Cheap Electronics |publisher=The New York Times |date= 2012-02-09|accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref>
*[[Vizio]] (United States)<ref>{{cite web|author=Budi Putra |url=http://www.slashphone.com/foxconn-to-make-smartphones-for-vizio-0414711 |title=Foxconn to make smartphones for Vizio |publisher=SlashPhone |date=2006-10-05 |accessdate=2012-02-01}}</ref>
*[[Vizio]] (United States)<ref>{{cite web |author=Budi Putra |url=http://www.slashphone.com/foxconn-to-make-smartphones-for-vizio-0414711 |title=Foxconn to make smartphones for Vizio |publisher=SlashPhone |date=2006-10-05 |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107052545/http://www.slashphone.com/foxconn-to-make-smartphones-for-vizio-0414711 |archivedate=2011-01-07 |df= }}</ref>
*[[Xiaomi]] (China)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201303220027.aspx |title=China's Xiaomi Technology to become Foxconn's major client: reports &#124; Economics &#124; FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS |publisher=Focustaiwan.tw |date=2013-03-22 |accessdate=2013-08-25}}</ref>
*[[Xiaomi]] (China)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201303220027.aspx |title=China's Xiaomi Technology to become Foxconn's major client: reports &#124; Economics &#124; FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS |publisher=Focustaiwan.tw |date=2013-03-22 |accessdate=2013-08-25}}</ref>
*[[Nextbit Robin]] (United States)
*[[Nextbit Robin]] (United States)
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===Working conditions===
===Working conditions===
Allegations of poor working conditions have been made on several occasions.<ref name=dailymail>{{cite news|author=Mail Foreign Service |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-401234/The-stark-reality-iPods-Chinese-factories.html |title=The Stark Reality of iPod's Chinese Factories | work = [[Daily Mail]] |date= 2006-08-18|accessdate=2011-05-27 |location=London}}</ref> News reports highlight the long working hours,<ref name="Economist-Foxconn"/><ref name=bloom/> discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their [[Taiwan]]ese co-workers,<ref name="management">{{cite web |url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20111126000001&cid=1103 |title=Foxconn called to account for another employee suicide |date=26 November 2011 |publisher=WantChinaTimes.com |accessdate=8 December 2012}}</ref> and lack of working relationships at the company.<ref name="moore">{{cite news|last=Moore |first=Malcolm |url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/malcolmmoore/100039883/what-has-triggered-the-suicide-cluster-at-foxconn/ |title=What Has Triggered the Suicide Cluster at Foxconn? | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2010-05-16 |accessdate=2010-07-09 |location=London}}</ref> Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when [[Apple Inc.]] audited the maker of its [[iPod]]s and [[iPhone]]s in 2007,<ref name=wsj/> the audit did substantiate several of the allegations.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/mac/inside-apples-ipod-factories-14915/ |title=Inside Apple's iPod factories - Macworld UK |website=Macworld.co.uk |date=2006-06-12 |accessdate=2017-07-27}}</ref> Despite the suicide crisis which took place from January to May 2010, Steve Jobs defended Foxconn in June 2010 as being "pretty nice" and "not a sweatshop".<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10551-012-1522-0#/page-1|title = An Ethical Stakeholder Approach to Crisis Communication: A Case Study of Foxconn's 2010 Employee Suicide Crisis|date = October 26, 2012|accessdate = November 16, 2010|publisher = Springer Media|last = Xu|first = Kaibin|doi=10.1007/s10551-012-1522-0|volume=117|journal=Journal of Business Ethics|pages=371–386}}</ref>
Allegations of poor working conditions have been made on several occasions.<ref name=dailymail>{{cite news|author=Mail Foreign Service |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-401234/The-stark-reality-iPods-Chinese-factories.html |title=The Stark Reality of iPod's Chinese Factories | work = [[Daily Mail]] |date= 2006-08-18|accessdate=2011-05-27 |location=London}}</ref> News reports highlight the long working hours,<ref name="Economist-Foxconn"/><ref name=bloom/> discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their [[Taiwan]]ese co-workers,<ref name="management">{{cite web |url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20111126000001&cid=1103 |title=Foxconn called to account for another employee suicide |date=26 November 2011 |publisher=WantChinaTimes.com |accessdate=8 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513013342/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20111126000001&cid=1103 |archivedate=13 May 2013 |df= }}</ref> and lack of working relationships at the company.<ref name="moore">{{cite news|last=Moore |first=Malcolm |url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/malcolmmoore/100039883/what-has-triggered-the-suicide-cluster-at-foxconn/ |title=What Has Triggered the Suicide Cluster at Foxconn? | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2010-05-16 |accessdate=2010-07-09 |location=London}}</ref> Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when [[Apple Inc.]] audited the maker of its [[iPod]]s and [[iPhone]]s in 2007,<ref name=wsj/> the audit did substantiate several of the allegations.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/mac/inside-apples-ipod-factories-14915/ |title=Inside Apple's iPod factories - Macworld UK |website=Macworld.co.uk |date=2006-06-12 |accessdate=2017-07-27}}</ref> Despite the suicide crisis which took place from January to May 2010, Steve Jobs defended Foxconn in June 2010 as being "pretty nice" and "not a sweatshop".<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10551-012-1522-0#/page-1|title = An Ethical Stakeholder Approach to Crisis Communication: A Case Study of Foxconn's 2010 Employee Suicide Crisis|date = October 26, 2012|accessdate = November 16, 2010|publisher = Springer Media|last = Xu|first = Kaibin|doi=10.1007/s10551-012-1522-0|volume=117|journal=Journal of Business Ethics|pages=371–386}}</ref>


Concerns increased in early 2012 due to an article published in ''The New York Times''.<ref name="The New York Times">[http://theater.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/theater/reviews/the-agony-and-the-ecstasy-of-steve-jobs-review.html/ "Moral Issues Behind iPhone and Its Makers"]. [[The New York Times]] 2012-03-28.</ref> Substantiating some of the article's claims, a 2012 audit performed by the [[Fair Labor Association]] at the request of [[Apple Inc.]] found that workers routinely received insufficient [[overtime]] pay and suggested that workplace accidents may be common.<ref name=fla2012>{{cite news | last =Williams | first =Matt | title =Foxconn audit finds illegal overtime and unpaid wages at Apple factory | newspaper =guardian.co.uk | publisher =Guardian News and Media Ltd | date =29 March 2012<!-- 17.13 EDT -->| url =https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/29/apple-foxconn-audit-labour-violations | accessdate = 2012-05-29 | location=London}}</ref><ref>Bonnington, Christina, [https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/02/apple-foxconn-investigations/ "Apple’s Foxconn Auditing Group ‘Surrounded With Controversy,’ Critics Say"], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine, February 13, 2012</ref>
Concerns increased in early 2012 due to an article published in ''The New York Times''.<ref name="The New York Times">[http://theater.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/theater/reviews/the-agony-and-the-ecstasy-of-steve-jobs-review.html/ "Moral Issues Behind iPhone and Its Makers"]. [[The New York Times]] 2012-03-28.</ref> Substantiating some of the article's claims, a 2012 audit performed by the [[Fair Labor Association]] at the request of [[Apple Inc.]] found that workers routinely received insufficient [[overtime]] pay and suggested that workplace accidents may be common.<ref name=fla2012>{{cite news | last =Williams | first =Matt | title =Foxconn audit finds illegal overtime and unpaid wages at Apple factory | newspaper =guardian.co.uk | publisher =Guardian News and Media Ltd | date =29 March 2012<!-- 17.13 EDT -->| url =https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/29/apple-foxconn-audit-labour-violations | accessdate = 2012-05-29 | location=London}}</ref><ref>Bonnington, Christina, [https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/02/apple-foxconn-investigations/ "Apple’s Foxconn Auditing Group ‘Surrounded With Controversy,’ Critics Say"], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine, February 13, 2012</ref>


A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees.<ref>For 2010 reports, see {{cite web
A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees.<ref>For 2010 reports, see {{cite web
|url=http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2010
|url = http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2010
|title=Publications: 2010
|title = Publications: 2010
|publisher=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|publisher = Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|accessdate=June 24, 2012
|accessdate = June 24, 2012
|deadurl=yes
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413052016/http://sacom.hk:80/category/publication?show=2010
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120413052016/http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2010
|archivedate=April 13, 2012
|archivedate = April 13, 2012
|df=
|df =
}}
}}
* For 2011 reports, see {{cite web
* For 2011 reports, see {{cite web
|url=http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2011
|url = http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2011
|title=Publications: 2011
|title = Publications: 2011
|publisher=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|publisher = Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|accessdate=June 24, 2012
|accessdate = June 24, 2012
|deadurl=yes
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005504/http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2011
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005504/http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2011
|archivedate=November 7, 2012
|archivedate = November 7, 2012
|df=
|df =
}}
}}
* For 2012 reports, see {{cite web
* For 2012 reports, see {{cite web
|url=http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2012
|url = http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2012
|title=Publications: 2012
|title = Publications: 2012
|publisher=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|publisher = Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
|accessdate=June 24, 2012
|accessdate = June 24, 2012
|deadurl=yes
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005522/http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2012
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005522/http://sacom.hk/category/publication?show=2012
|archivedate=November 7, 2012
|archivedate = November 7, 2012
|df=
|df =
}}</ref> These typically find far worse conditions than the 2012 Fair Labor Association audit did,{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} but they rely on a far smaller number of employee informants—100 to 170.<ref>For report relying on 100 worker informants, see {{cite news | url=http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/report-on-foxconn-workers-as-machines_sacom.pdf | title=WORKERS AS MACHINES: MILITARY MANAGEMENT IN FOXCONN | work=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior | date=13 Oct 2010 | accessdate=June 24, 2012}}
}}</ref> These typically find far worse conditions than the 2012 Fair Labor Association audit did,{{citation needed|date=June 2012}} but they rely on a far smaller number of employee informants—100 to 170.<ref>For report relying on 100 worker informants, see {{cite news | url=http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/report-on-foxconn-workers-as-machines_sacom.pdf | title=WORKERS AS MACHINES: MILITARY MANAGEMENT IN FOXCONN | work=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior | date=13 Oct 2010 | accessdate=June 24, 2012}}
* For report relying on 170 worker informants, see {{cite news | url=http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011-05-06_foxconn-and-apple-fail-to-fulfill-promises1.pdf | title=FOXCONN AND APPLE FAIL TO FULFILL PROMISES: PREDICAMENTS OF WORKERS AFTER THE SUICIDES | work=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior | date=6 May 2011 | accessdate=June 24, 2012}}</ref> The Fair Labor Association audit in 2012 used interviews with 35,000 Foxconn employees.<ref name=fla2012/>
* For report relying on 170 worker informants, see {{cite news | url=http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/2011-05-06_foxconn-and-apple-fail-to-fulfill-promises1.pdf | title=FOXCONN AND APPLE FAIL TO FULFILL PROMISES: PREDICAMENTS OF WORKERS AFTER THE SUICIDES | work=Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior | date=6 May 2011 | accessdate=June 24, 2012}}</ref> The Fair Labor Association audit in 2012 used interviews with 35,000 Foxconn employees.<ref name=fla2012/>

Revision as of 10:49, 17 September 2017

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd.
鴻海科技集團
Foxconn Technology Group 富士康
Company typePublic
TWSE: 2317
ISINTW0002317005
IndustryElectronics
FoundedFebruary 20, 1974; 50 years ago (1974-02-20) (as Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.)
FounderTerry Gou
Headquarters
Tucheng District, New Taipei
,
Taiwan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Terry Gou
(Chairman and President)
ProductsElectronics, electronic components, PCBs, PCB components, computer chips.
ServicesElectronics manufacturing services
RevenueIncrease US$136.12 billion (2015)[1]
Increase US$4.988 billion (2015)[1]
Increase US$4.460 billion (2015)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$70.10 billion (2015)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$30.60 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
1.3 million (2015)[2]
SubsidiariesSharp Corporation
Smart Technologies
FIH Mobile Ltd.
Websitewww.foxconn.com
Foxconn
Traditional Chinese鴻海精密工業股份有限公司
Simplified Chinese鸿海精密工业股份有限公司
Literal meaningHon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHónghǎi Jīngmì Gōngyè Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàngōngsī
Trading name
Traditional Chinese富士康科技集團
Simplified Chinese富士康科技集团
Literal meaningFoxconn Technology Group
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinFùshìkāng Kējì Jítuán

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Foxconn Technology Group, is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturing company headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan. Foxconn is the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer [3] and the fourth-largest information technology company by revenue.[4] It is the largest private employer in China and one of the largest employers worldwide.[5][6] Its founder and chairman is Terry Gou.

Foxconn is primarily a contract manufacturer; its clients include major American, Canadian, Chinese, Finnish, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable customers and products the company manufactures for include BlackBerry,[7] iPad,[8] iPhone, iPod,[9] Kindle,[10] Nintendo 3DS, Nokia, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox One.[11]

Foxconn has been involved in several controversies, including a spate of suicides in 2010 at its Chinese factories, blamed on its treatment of employees and working conditions.

History

Foxconn connector box tag in 2014

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. was founded in 1974 by Terry Gou as a manufacturer of electrical components (notably electrical connectors for computer components,[9] which found use in the Atari 2600).[12] Foxconn was originally a trade name of Hon Hai, and a subsidiary later received the name.[9] Hon Hai's first manufacturing plant in mainland China opened in Longhua Town, Shenzhen, in 1988.[9]

In 2001, Intel switched its manufacture of Intel-branded motherboards from Asus to Foxconn.[13]

In November 2007, Foxconn announced plans to build a new US$500 million plant in Huizhou, Southern China.[14]

In January 2012, Foxconn named Tien Chong (Terry) Cheng chief executive;[15] he soon resigned, citing health problems.[16]

In March 2012, Foxconn agreed to acquire a 10 percent stake in the Japanese electronics company Sharp Corporation, for US$806 million, and to purchase up to 50 percent of the LCDs produced at Sharp's plant in Sakai, Japan.[17]

In September 2012, Foxconn announced plans to invest US$494 million in the construction of five new factories in Itu, Brazil, creating 10,000 jobs.[18]

In 2014, the company purchased Asia Pacific Telecom as well as winning at auction some spectrum licenses allowing it to operate 4G telecommunications equipment in Taiwan.[19]

On February 25, 2016, Sharp accepted the ¥700 billion (US$6.24 billion) takeover bid from Foxconn that acquires over 66 percent of Sharp's voting stock.[20] However, hours later the deal was put on hold after "contingent liabilities... worth perhaps billions of dollars...came to light."[21] A joint press statement released on 30 March 2016 finalised the deal but at a price significantly lower than a month earlier.[22]

In 2016, Foxconn, together with Tencent and luxury-car dealer Harmony New Energy Auto founded Future Mobility, a car startup that aims to sell all-electric fully autonomous premium cars in 2020.[23]

International Operations

Foxconn has factories in Asia, Brazil, Europe, and Mexico that, as of 2012, together comprise approximately 40 percent of all consumer electronics products sold.[24]

China

Foxconn has 12 factories in nine Chinese cities—more than in any other country.[25]

Foxconn's largest factory worldwide is in Longhua Town, Shenzhen, where hundreds of thousands of workers (varying counts include 230,000,[24] 300,000,[26] and 450,000[27]) are employed at the Longhua Science & Technology Park, a walled campus[9] sometimes referred to as “Foxconn City”.[28] Covering about 1.16 square miles (3 square km),[29] it includes 15 factories,[28] worker dormitories, 4 swimming pools,[30] a fire brigade,[9] its own television network (Foxconn TV),[9] and a city centre with a grocery store, bank, restaurants, bookstore, and hospital.[9] While some workers live in surrounding towns and villages, others live and work inside the complex;[31] a quarter of the employees live in the dormitories, and many of them work up to 12 hours a day for 6 days each week.[24]

Another of Foxconn's factory "cities" is Zhengzhou Technology Park in Zhengzhou, Henan province, where a reported 120,000 workers are employed as of 2012.[32]

Foxconn continues to expand, and planned factories include sites at Wuhan in Hubei province, Haizhow, Kunshan in Jiangsu province, Tianjin, Beijing, and Guangzhou in Guangdong province, China.[25]

On May 25, 2016, the BBC reported that Foxconn fired 60,000 employees because it had automated "many of the manufacturing tasks associated with our operations". Foxconn confirmed those claims.[33]

Brazil

All company facilities in South America are located in Brazil,[34] and these include mobile phone factories in Manaus and Indaiatuba as well as production bases in Jundiai, Sorocaba, and Santa Rita do Sapucaí.[35] The company is considering more investments in Brazil.[36]

Europe

A Foxconn factory in the Czech Republic

Foxconn has factories in Hungary,[37] Slovakia,[36] Turkey[38] and the Czech Republic.[39] Foxconn factories are strategically located in Europe to ensure rapid fulfillment for its customers. It is the second-largest exporter in the Czech Republic.[39]

India

Foxconn has had operational units since 2006 in the Special Economic Zone of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.[40] This unit is closed as of December 24, 2014. This affected 25,000 employees.[41] As of mid 2015, Foxconn Technology was in talks to manufacture Apple's iPhone in India.[42] In 2015, Foxconn announced it would be setting up twelve factories in India and would create around one million jobs.[43] Foxconn will invest in India in manufacturing, energy and e-commerce sectors in 2015. Foxconn will also bring supply chain companies in India. India will work with Adani[clarification needed] for more efficient expansion of Foxconn in the country. In 2015, August 2015, Foxconn invested in Snapdeal. On August 8, 2015, Foxconn signed a MOU with the Government Of Maharashtra to set up an electronics manufacturing plant in Maharashtra with the investment of $5 billion within a 5-year period.[44] Recently, it started manufacturing products for Xiaomi, OnePlus and Gionee.

Japan

Foxconn and Sharp Corporation jointly run two plants manufacturing large-screen televisions in Sakai, Osaka. In August 2012, it was reported that Sharp, while doing corporate restructuring and downsizing, was considering selling the plants to Foxconn, which was believed to be receptive to the plan.[45]

Foxconn likely acquired these plants when it purchased Sharp in 2016.

Malaysia

As of 2011, Foxconn had at least seven factories in Johor state,[46] possibly at Kulai, where it is developing an industrial park that will include four factories once completed.[47]

Mexico

Foxconn has a facility in San Jerónimo, Chihuahua, that assembles computers,[48] and two facilities in Juárez – a former Motorola production base that manufactures mobile phones,[49] and a set-top box factory acquired from Cisco Systems.[50] LCD televisions are also made in the country by Foxconn, in a plant acquired from Sony.[51]

South Korea

The company invested $377 million in June 2014 to pick up a 4.9 percent shareholding in South Korean IT services provider SK C&C.[52]

United States

President Donald Trump announced on July 26, 2017 that Foxconn will build a $10 billion flat screen TV manufacturing plant in southeastern Wisconsin.[53][54]

The deal is being criticized for the $3 billion in tax-payer funded incentives given to Foxconn.[55] The state of Wisconsin would have to pay a subsidy to Foxconn of up to $250 million each year for fifteen years.[56] An analysis by the Wisconsin State Legislature's nonpartisan budget office determined that state taxpayers would recoup their investment in 2043.[57]

In return, the deal would return an estimated $181 million each year. This loss, according to economics professor Michael Hicks, amounts to a payment of $1,200 from each household to Foxconn.[58]

Foxconn would also be exempt from an environmental impact statement and be able to avoid several other environmental protection rules that other companies must comply with.[56]

Major customers

Major customers of Foxconn include or have included:

(headquarters location in parentheses)

FIH Mobile

FIH Mobile is a subsidiary of Foxconn offering many services such as product development and after-sales support. It was incorporated in the tax haven of the Cayman Islands in 2000.[74]

On May 18, 2016, FIH Mobile bought part of Microsoft Mobile's feature phone division. Microsoft Mobile Vietnam is also part of the sale to FIH Mobile, which consists of the Hanoi, Vietnam manufacturing facility. The rest of the division has been sold to a new Finland-based company founded by former Nokia staff, HMD Global, who started developing and selling new Nokia-branded devices from early 2017.[75] The total sale to both companies amounted to US$350 million. FIH Mobile is now manufacturing new Nokia-branded devices developed by HMD.[76] The first batch of international Nokia-branded devices was unveiled on February 26, 2017, at the Mobile World Congress.[77]

Controversies

Foxconn has been involved in several controversies all relating to employee grievances or treatment. Foxconn has more than a million employees.[78] In China, it employs more people than any other private company as of 2011.[36]

Working conditions

Allegations of poor working conditions have been made on several occasions.[79] News reports highlight the long working hours,[28][29] discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their Taiwanese co-workers,[80] and lack of working relationships at the company.[81] Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when Apple Inc. audited the maker of its iPods and iPhones in 2007,[9] the audit did substantiate several of the allegations.[82] Despite the suicide crisis which took place from January to May 2010, Steve Jobs defended Foxconn in June 2010 as being "pretty nice" and "not a sweatshop".[83]

Concerns increased in early 2012 due to an article published in The New York Times.[84] Substantiating some of the article's claims, a 2012 audit performed by the Fair Labor Association at the request of Apple Inc. found that workers routinely received insufficient overtime pay and suggested that workplace accidents may be common.[85][86]

A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees.[87] These typically find far worse conditions than the 2012 Fair Labor Association audit did,[citation needed] but they rely on a far smaller number of employee informants—100 to 170.[88] The Fair Labor Association audit in 2012 used interviews with 35,000 Foxconn employees.[85]

In January 2012, about 150 Foxconn employees threatened to commit mass-suicide in protest of their working conditions.[89] In September 2012, a fight at worker dormitories in Taiyuan, Shanxi, escalated into a riot involving 2,000 people and was quelled by security.[90][91]

In October 2012, the company admitted that 14-year-old children had worked for a short time at a facility in Yantai, Shandong Province.[92] Foxconn said that the workers involved were part of an internship program.[92] Individuals as young as 16 can legally work in China.[92]

Also in October 2012, a young worker, Zhang Tingzhen, was threatened to have Hon-Hai medical support canceled when doctors protested against moving him ("Zhang’s doctors fear he is at risk of a brain hemorrhage en route"[93]) for treatment in Huizhou from the hospital in Shenzhen. His doctors did "surgery to remove nearly half his brain, [after which] he lost his memory and can neither speak, walk"[93] after a factory accident where he suffered an electrical shock and fell. This left him in no condition to travel to Huizhou, the city where he was initially hired, 43 miles away. The company stated that it was acting within labor laws.[93][94][95][96]

Suicides

Main article: Foxconn suicides

Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted media attention. One was the high-profile death of a worker after the loss of a prototype and the other, a series of suicides linked to low pay in 2010. Suicides of Foxconn workers continued into 2012, with one in June 2012.[97]

Sun Danyong, a 25-year-old man, committed suicide in July 2009 after reporting the loss of an iPhone 4[98] prototype in his possession.[99]

In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which 14 people died in 2010,[100] a report from 20 Chinese universities described Foxconn factories as labor camps and detailed widespread worker abuse and illegal overtime.[101] In response, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at the base of buildings in some facilities,[79] and it promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases.[102] Workers were also forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing they and their descendants would not sue the company as a result of unexpected death, self-injury or suicide.[103]

See also

References

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  87. ^ For 2010 reports, see "Publications: 2010". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
    • For 2011 reports, see "Publications: 2011". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
    • For 2012 reports, see "Publications: 2012". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  88. ^ For report relying on 100 worker informants, see "WORKERS AS MACHINES: MILITARY MANAGEMENT IN FOXCONN" (PDF). Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. 13 Oct 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  89. ^ "'Mass Suicide' Protest at Apple Manufacturer Foxconn Factory". The Daily Telegraph. 11 Jan 2012.
  90. ^ "Foxconn Workers Labor Under Guard After Riot Shuts Plant". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Sep 26, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  91. ^ 2,000 Foxconn staff riot at iPhone 5 'sweatshop' in China after 'guard beats up worker' | Mail Online. Dailymail.co.uk (2012-09-24). Retrieved on 2013-07-26.
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  93. ^ a b c Ron Dicker (2012-10-15). "Zhang Tingzhen, Foxconn Employee Who Lost Half His Brain, Ordered To Leave Hospital (UPDATE)". The Huffington Post.
  94. ^ Tan Ee Lyn (Oct 10, 2012). "Worker's injury casts harsh new light on Foxconn and China". Reuters.
  95. ^ "ZHANG TINGZHEN, LE MARTYR DE FOXCONN". Paris Match.
  96. ^ Tan Ee Lyn (2012-10-30). "Family Of Zhang Tingzhen, Brain-Damaged Foxconn Worker, Takes Company To Court". Reuters.
  97. ^ Das, Sumi (2012-09-25). "Riots, suicides, and other issues in Foxconn's iPhone factories". Cnet.com. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
  98. ^ "Apple Confirms Death of iPhone Worker in China". CNET. 2009-07-21.
  99. ^ "IPhone Maker in China Is Under Fire After a Suicide". The New York Times. 2009-07-26.
  100. ^ Pomfret, James (2010-11-05). "Foxconn Worker Plunges to Death at China Plant: Report". Reuters.
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  102. ^ "Foxconn To Raise Wages Again at China Plant". Reuters. 2010-10-01.
  103. ^ Malone, Andrew; Jones, Richard (2010-12-06). "Revealed: Inside the Chinese Suicide Sweatshop Where Workers Toil in 34-Hour Shifts To Make Your iPod". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 2011-10-07.

Further reading

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