Epsom

For other uses, see Epsom (disambiguation).

Epsom
High Street, Epsom
Epsom Location within Surrey
Area	18.04 km2 (6.97 sq mi)
Population	31,489 (2011 census)
• Density	1,746/km2 (4,520/sq mi)
OS grid reference	TQ2060
District	Epsom and Ewell Reigate and Banstead Mole Valley
Shire county	Surrey
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	EPSOM
Postcode district	KT17 KT18 KT19
Dialling code	01372
Police	Surrey
Fire	Surrey
Ambulance	South East Coast
UK Parliament	Epsom and Ewell

Epsom (/ˈɛpsəm/) is a market town in Surrey, England, 13.7 miles (22.0 km) south south-west of London, located between Ashtead and Ewell. The town straddles chalk downland (Epsom Downs) and the upper Thanet Formation. Epsom Downs Racecourse holds The Derby, now a generic name for sports competitions in English-speaking countries. The town also gives its name to Epsom salts, extracted from mineral waters there.

Epsom is the source of the Hogsmill River and includes the semi-rural Horton and Langley Vale.

History

Epsom is famous for the Epsom Downs Racecourse which hosts the Epsom Derby; painting by Théodore Géricault, 1821.

Lord Rosebery

Epsom lies within the Copthorne Hundred used for periodic, strategic meetings of the wealthy and powerful in Anglo-Saxon England, and later having a Hundred Court. The name of Epsom is early recorded as forms of Ebba's ham (home or perhaps manor). Ebba was a Saxon landowner. Many Spring line settlements by springs in Anglo-Saxon England were founded at the foot of dry valleys such as here and Effingham, Bookham, Cheam, Sutton, Carshalton, Croydon and Bromley. A relic from this period is a 7th-century brooch found in Epsom and now in the British Museum.

Chertsey Abbey, whose ownership of the main manor of Ebbisham was confirmed by King Æthelstan in 933, asserted during its Middle Ages existence that Frithwald and Bishop Erkenwald granted it 20 mansas of land in Epsom in 727. Epsom appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Evesham, held by Chertsey Abbey. Its domesday assets were: 11 hides; 2 churches, 2 mills worth 10 shillings, 18 ploughs, 24 acres (97,000 m²) of meadow, woodland worth 20 hogs; altogether it rendered £17 per year to its overlords. The town at the time of Domesday Book had 38 households (and 6 serfs noteworthy enough to be recorded as assets), some of them in a nucleated village near the parish church of which there were two. At various dates in the Middle Ages, manors were founded by subinfeudation at Epsom Court, Horton, Woodcote, Brettgrave and Langley Vale.

Under Henry VIII and Queen Mary the manor passed to the Carew then related Darcy families. It passed via the Mynne, Buckle and Parkhurst families to Sir Charles Kemys Tynte and after his death to Sir Joseph Mawbey.

By the end of the Georgian period, Epsom was known as a spa town. Remnants of this are its water pump and multiple exhibits in the town's museum. There were entertainments at the Assembly Rooms (built c. 1690 and now a pub). A green-buffered housing estate has now been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town.

Epsom salts are named after the town. Epsom salt (magnesium sulphate) was originally prepared by boiling down mineral waters which sprung at Epsom. The town's market is built on the pond that existed in the Middle Ages.

Within the centuries-old boundaries is Epsom Downs Racecourse which features two of the five English Classic horse races; The Derby and The Oaks, which were first run in 1780 and 1779 respectively. On 4 June 1913, Emily Davison, a militant women's suffrage activist, stepped in front of King George V's horse running in the Derby, sustaining fatal injuries.

The British Prime Minister and first chairman of the London County Council, Lord Rosebery, was sent down (expelled) from the University of Oxford in 1869 for buying a racehorse and entering it in the Derby − it finished last. Lord Rosebery remained closely associated with the town throughout his life, leaving land to the borough, commemorated in the names of several roads, Rosebery Park and Rosebery School. A house was also named after him at Epsom College, one of Britain's public schools in Epsom.

The New Student's Reference Work of 1914 describes Epsom:

Ep′som, a small town market of Surrey, England, fifteen miles southwest of London. The springs which made Epsom so fashionable a resort in the latter half of the 17th century, gave name to the Epsom salt, formerly made from them. The church, rebuilt in 1824, contains monuments by Flaxman and Chantrey. On Banstead Downs, one and a half miles south of the town, the most famous horse-races of the world are held yearly on Derby day. The grand stand was built in 1829–30 at a cost of $100,000, and seats 7,500 spectators. Population, 10,915.

Economy and amenities

Ebbisham House, the early, central structure of which is Grade II listed

Epsom Clock Tower

Town Hall, The Parade

St Martin of Tours Church, Epsom

Epsom Clock Tower was built in 1847, replacing the watchhouse which stood from the 17th century, and was built to 70 feet of red and suffolk brick, with heraldic lions of Caen Stone at the four corners of the tower base. A bell was added in 1867. By 1902 the lions had been replaced by lanterns, (which were replaced by the current globe lights in 1920) and the toilet buildings added either side of the tower.

Owing partly to its position and transport infrastructure in the London commuter belt allowing easy access to the Greater London conurbation to the north and the rolling Surrey countryside to the south, the borough of Epsom and Ewell was named in August 2005 by Channel 4's Location, Location, Location as the "Best Place to Live" in the United Kingdom, and ranked at numbers 8 and 3 in subsequent years.

The Epsom Playhouse was opened in 1984 and is run by Epsom and Ewell Borough council.

The Ashley Centre, a shopping mall, was built in the early 1980s and subsequently parts of the high street were pedestrianised as part of the construction of the town's one-way system. In the 1990s, a large multiplex Odeon cinema was built in Upper High Street.

The late 1990s saw the development of the Ebbisham Centre (not to be confused with the nearby early 18th century Ebbisham House), a community service based development, including a doctors' surgery, Epsom Library, a cafe and a health and fitness centre. The Derby Square expanded and includes a number of franchise chain pubs/bars.

The University for the Creative Arts has one of its five campuses in Epsom. Laine Theatre Arts, an independent performing arts college, is based in the town. Students have included Victoria Beckham. Leisure facilities in and around the town include a leisure centre (the Rainbow Centre) on East Street; Epsom Downs Racecourse; the Odeon cinema; and the Horton Park Children's Farm.

Major employers in the town include Epsom and Ewell Borough Council and WS Atkins.

As part of Epsom and Ewell, the town is twinned with Chantilly in northern France. Epsom and Ewell was ranked in the top ten of the Halifax Quality of Life Survey 2011.

Sport and leisure

Epsom has a Non-League football club Epsom & Ewell F.C. who currently share a ground with Merstham F.C., as they sold their original ground off West Street. They are currently looking to move back into the Epsom area.

Geography

Soil and elevation

The town is bisected in two in terms of soil: the north of the town is on gravel and sand deposited around the London Clay of most of London as the Thanet Formation, whereas the south-east of the town is on uneroded chalk slopes: Epsom Downs refers to these slopes reaching up to wide plateau (on which sit the formerly water-scarce settlements: Box Hill, Walton on the Hill, Tadworth and Kingswood, Surrey) and covers 990 acres (400 ha) of what is in traditional terms and in technical terms, part of the area of the settlement, called Epsom Downs. In terms of topsoil, the northern soil is free draining, slightly acid but base-rich soils, producing extremely fertile pastures and deciduous woodland. The southern soil is of two types:

• shallow, lime-rich soil over chalk or limestone of the escarpment
• slightly acid, loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage soil

The town's clustered bulk is at 35m to 70m (above Ordnance Datum, mean sea level) and slopes incrementally from south and all other directions (to a lesser extent) towards the centre-north. The racecourse and Langley Vale parts of Epsom rise to high points of 140m and form a drainage divide between tributaries of the Thames flowing north and towards the Mole Gap south-west.

Demography and housing

2011 Census Homes

Ward	Detached	Semi-detached	Terraced	Flats and apartments	Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats	Shared between households
College	1,040	425	144	622	0	17
Court	160	721	947	738	1	0
Stamford	707	995	300	346	0	0
Town	237	849	455	1,584	2	27
Woodcote	1,111	513	232	430	0	0

2011 Census Households

Ward	Population	Households	% Owned outright	% Owned with a loan	hectares
College	5,873	2,248	41.1	35.9	316
Court	6,830	2,567	13.8	39.8	213
Stamford	6,088	2,348	38.5	43.7	436
Town	6,979	3,154	27	29.1	136
Woodcote	5,719	2,286	41.4	37.9	703

Hospitals

As well as Epsom's General Hospital, the town was well known as the location of a group of five large Edwardian psychiatric hospitals, commonly known as the Epsom Cluster. Most of the hospitals closed in the 1990s and early 2000s, although psychiatric services are still offered on parts of the Horton, West Park, St. Ebba's and Manor Hospital sites.

View of Epsom, John Constable, c. 1808.

The hospitals were (in order of date of opening):

• Manor Hospital (1899)
• St Ebba's Hospital (1902)
• Horton Hospital (1903)
• Long Grove Hospital (1907, an exact duplicate of Horton Hospital to save construction time)
• West Park Hospital (construction started 1912, used as a military hospital from 1916 and officially opened in 1921)

The hospitals were built in close proximity to each other on a 1,096-acre (4.44 km²) estate on part of Epsom Common, which the London County Council bought to solve the overcrowding problems experienced in its other hospitals. The hospitals shared a central 'engineering works' next to Long Grove, which supplied all five institutions with water and electricity and were served by the private Horton Light Railway. Today, of the former hospitals, three have been largely redeveloped for housing (Horton, The Manor and Long Grove Hospital) and two are in the process of being redeveloped while retaining limited NHS services including day care and a cottage hospital.

The surrounding land has now become the Horton Country Park and is also home to the Hobbledown Children's Farm.

Localities

Epsom is contiguous apart from the neighbourhoods or localities below.

Horton

Horton covers the slightly elevated westernmost part of the borough. Suburban and rural, it is centred on Horton Lane, a wide road with gentle bends, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in length with a 40 mph speed limit one of two routes between Chessington (including Hook) and the West Ewell-Epsom conurbation as an alternative route to Hook Road (the B284). It was a manor of the parish and remains a hamlet of the town as well as not qualifying for post town status. The place-name Horton is a common one in England. It derives from Old English horu 'dirt' and tūn 'settlement, farm, estate', presumably meaning 'farm on muddy soil'. Formerly around it were a group of psychiatric hospitals which served London and Surrey, forming a socially distanced community and pre-dated the United Kingdom's shift to care in the community mental health treatments which commenced in the early 20th century.

Horton's amenities include:

• Horton Park Golf Club
• David Lloyd Leisure Centre
• Horton Country Park
• Hobbledown children's adventure park and farm
• Epsom Polo Club

Langley Vale

Main article: Langley Vale

This locality is a sloped, developed network of streets, surrounded by steep farmland and the racecourse.

Transport

Rail

Remains of Epsom Town railway station

Epsom railway station has frequent rail services to London and other local towns operated by the Southern and South Western Railway franchises.

The town's other station, Epsom Town, was closed in 1929; although most of the listed buildings remain. The station is of historic interest being the arrival point for Queen Victoria and her entourage prior to taking a carriage up to Epsom Downs.

Two other railway lines were built to serve the Epsom Downs Racecourse, with termini at Epsom Downs and Tattenham Corner. The Horton Light Railway was built around 1905, as a branch from the main line near Ewell West Station, to deliver building materials to the mental hospitals (see above) being built on what is now Horton Country Park.

Bus

Bus services connect Epsom to neighbouring areas and a regular service connects with the London Underground at Morden. Some bus services are commercial, some run with the support of Surrey County Council, and others under contract to London Buses. Coach company Epsom Coaches and their bus division Quality Line are based in the town.

Road

• The A24 passes through the centre of the town.
• The M25 motorway can be joined at Junction 9 Leatherhead, via the A24 south.
• The B280 runs from Epsom (West Hill) through Malden Rushett (A243) to Oxshott.

Education

Epsom College

State schools include Blenheim High School, Epsom and Ewell High School, Glyn Technology School, North East Surrey College of Technology (NESCOT) and Rosebery School for Girls and also the Beacon School Banstead. There is also a campus of the University for the Creative Arts.

Primary schools include Southfield Park Primary School,St Martins C of E Junior and Infant School, Wallace Fields Infant & Junior school Epsom Primary School and Children Centre, Stamford Green Primary School, St Joseph's Catholic Primary School and Danetree Junior School

Independent schools include Epsom College, Kingswood House School, St. Christopher's School and Ewell Castle School.

Emergency services

Epsom is served by these emergency services.

• Epsom General Hospital, which has an Accident and Emergency facility.
• South East Coast Ambulance Service as of 1 July 2006. The Surrey Ambulance Service, Sussex, and Kent Ambulance services have all merged, and have now ceased to exist.
• Surrey Fire & Rescue Service
• Surrey Police

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Epsom

Jimmy Page in 1977 at Chicago

Notable people who were born in Epsom include:

• Petula Clark, singer
• Warwick Davis, Tom Felton, Alex Kingston, Catherine McCormack, actors
• Nick Easter, England rugby union player
• James Chuter Ede, Home Secretary, educationist, and Mayor of Epsom when it received its Borough charter
• Andy Johns, record producer, sound engineer
• Thomas Mayr-Harting, former Ambassador of the European Union to the United Nations
• Julia Ormond, actress
• Martin Parr, photographer
• John Piper, painter and printmaker
• Simon Starling, artist
• Andy Ward, drummer of the progressive rock band Camel
• Joe Wicks, fitness coach

People who have lived in Epsom at some time include:

• Isabella Beeton, writer
• Andrew Garfield, actor, (The Amazing Spider-Man, The Social Network)
• Mel Giedroyc, comedian
• David Charles Manners, author and charity-founder
• Jimmy Page, guitarist of Led Zeppelin
• David Vine and Kenneth Wolstenholme, football commentators
• Jimmy White, snooker player
• Norman Wisdom, comedian

and others include:

• Louis Cole, YouTuber
• Tyger Drew-Honey and Michaela Strachan (born in Ewell), television presenters
• Freddy Eastwood, footballer
• Jody Morris, former footballer
• Peter Xavier Price, illustrator and academic
• Steven Savile, writer
• Nici Sterling, adult film actor

See also

• Epsom Downs
• Epsom Riot
• List of places of worship in Epsom and Ewell

External links

• Epsom - 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article
• Town of Epsom
• Epsom & Ewell Borough Council
• Exploring St.Ebbas Hospital
• Exploring West Park Asylum
• Detailed History of the Spa, Salts and Springs of Epsom and Ewell