Honda Tadakatsu
Honda Tadakatsu (本多 忠勝, March 17, 1548 – December 3, 1610), also called Honda Heihachirō (本多 平八郎) was a Japanese samurai, general, and daimyo of the late Sengoku through early Edo periods, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Honda Tadakatsu was one of the Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō) along with Ii Naomasa, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Sakai Tadatsugu.[3] It was reported that he never suffered any single wound despite participating in a total of 57 military campaign throughout his life.
For his fighting prowess on the battlefield Honda Tadakatsu has earned many praises from from various contemporary figures such as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and even Ieyasu himself
Biography
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Tadakatsu was born in 1548,[4] in Kuramae, Nukata, Mikawa Province (present-day Nishi-Kuramae, Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture),[5] the eldest son of Honda Tadataka. The Honda clan was one of the oldest Anjō fudai families, a family of fudai daimyo who had been serving Tokugawa Ieyasu since he was in Anjō.[4]
In 1560, Tadakatsu serve Ieyasu in combat during the siege of Ōtaka Castle which occurred before the Battle of Okehazama.[6] In 1561 year, It was said that when he just reached 14 old age, Tadakatsu recorded his first kill in battle. At first his uncle, Honda Tadazane, killed an enemy samurai and asked Tadakatsu to cut off the corpse head as trophy for Tadakatsu. However, Tadakatsu stated that he did not want to rely on others to achieve military merit. Tadakatsu followed suit by charging towards the enemy rank and made his own trophy by killing an enemy by his own hand.[7][8]
Tadakatsu, who became the head of the core branch of Honda clan, at first were a follower of Jōdo Shinshū (True pure land Buddhism). However, as radical sectarian rebels of Ikkō-ikki which following Jōdo Shinshū broke out, Tadakatsu abandoned Jōdo Shinshū and changing his faith to Jōdo-shū(pure land Buddhism), as he stay loyal to Ieyasu.[9][10] Tadakatsu joined Ina Tadatsugu, Sakai Tadatsugu, Mizuno Sanzaemon, Torii Mototada, Ōkubo Tadakatsu, and Ishikawa Tadanari to support Ieyasu in suppression of Ikkō-ikki.[11]
Around 1561-1563, The Ietada nikki journal has stated at some point of this rebellion, 200 Tokugawa soldiers led by Tadakatsu and Ishikawa Ienari were ambushed and routed by Ikkō-ikki rebels led by Sakai Tadanao.[12][13]
In June 1564, Tadakatsu competes with Hachiya Sadatsugu[a] to be appointed as vanguard commander to attack Yoshida Castle. In the end, Tadakatsu were chosen to lead the troops and they manage to defeat the garrison and forcing the castle to surrender. However, Sadatsugu were killed during the battle by the enemy commander Masanori Kawai.[15][16][17] In 1566 , at the age of 19, Tadakatsu was promoted Hatamoto and was given command of 54 cavalry soldiers.[18]
in 1570, Tadakatsu gained distinction at the Battle of Anegawa against Azai and Asakura clans along with Tokugawa's ally, Oda Nobunaga.[19] In this battle, Tadakatsu was placed in the left flank along with Ōkubo Tadayo.[20] It was recorded that at the beginning of this battle, as the Tokugawa army steadily pushed back by the Asakura army, then suddenly Tadakatsu rode his horse and charging alone against the approaching 10,000-strong Asakura army. Seeing this, the panicked Ieyasu immediately leading his forces to counter the advance of Asakura and to save Tadakatsu, which in the end they manage to defeat the Asakura army. Tadakatsu survived the battle despite the grave danger he faced.[21] After Tokugawa force was done dealing with Asakura force, they immediately dispatch Yasumasa and Honda Tadakatsu troops to assist Oda Nobunaga who were struggling against the Azai army. As Yasumasa and Tadakatsu struck the right flank of Azai Nagamasa's formation in subsequent with Inaba Yoshimichi slammed into Nagamasa's left flank, they finally manage to overcame the Azai army.[22]
Campaign against Takeda clan
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In 1572, during the Takeda clan campaign in Mikawa, Tadakatsu participated in the forces of Tokugawa. Ieyasu sent him, Naitō Nobunari,[23] and Ōkubo Tadasuke,[24] to lead the vanguard, where they meet Takeda forces led by Yamagata Masakage and Baba Nobuharu at the battle of Hitokotosaka.[25] It is said that in this battle Tadakatsu gained recognition from the enemy forces for his antler helmet and his Tonbo-giri spear for his exploit in staving off the charges of Baba Nobuharu units.[6][26][27][28] In the end of this battle, Tadakatsu and Naitō Nobunari fought well, as both of them managed to break through from the encirclement attempts by Takeda forces and managed to lead the Tokugawa forces to escape safely.[23]
In 1573, Tadakatsu also served at Tokugawa's greatest defeat, the Battle of Mikatagahara, where he commanded the left wing of his master's army, facing off against troops under one of the Takeda clan's more notable generals, Naitō Masatoyo.[29] In the prelude of Tadakatsu manage to ward off the first wave, however, the Tokugawa forces getting overun by the next waves of Takeda forces.[30] In the last phase of the battle, Tadakatsu recordedly fought alongside Sakakibara Yasumasa engaging Takeda clan general named Oyamada Masayuki, while Ishikawa Kazumasa were busy covering the retreat of Ieyasu from the battle.[31] In the end, the Tokugawa forces manage to withdraw safely from the battle due to dexterous performance of Tadakatsu in organizing the cover of their retreat.[25]
Later in the same year, Tadakatsu and Sakakibara Yasumasa were tasked to capture the Nagashino Castle. Both of them manage to defeat the Takeda clan armies which guarded the castle and completed their mission to capture it.[32] Aside from that, Tadakatsu also captured many other castles in Tōtōmi Province from Takeda clan.[33]
In 1575, during the conflict between Oda-Tokugawa alliance against Takeda Katsuyori, when the latter invaded Enshū province, Tadakatsu and Sakakibara fought under the Tokugawa forces against Katsuyori, where they captured the Komyo castle in June.[34][35] Later in the same month, Tadakatsu was one of those Tokugawa generals present at the Battle of Nagashino in 1575. Honda commanded a rank of musketeers as the combined Oda-Tokugawa forces annihilated the Takeda Katsuyori army, due to the skillful use of ranked muskets, as they fired in cycling volleys.[36] In this battle, units under Tadakatsu were facing against Yamagata Masakage, who is killed on his track by a shot from Tadakatsu's riflemens.[37][38][39] At some point of this battle, 1,500 Takeda soldiers under Naitō Masatoyo manage to breaking through with 24 men managing to climb the third fence of Oda-Tokugawa force defensive position. Masatoyo was said almost reaching Ieyasu's main camp, until Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Osuga Yasutaka coming in to block his way. One source recorded that Tadakatsu took his spear and personally engaging Masatoyo's soldiers on the frontline, preventing them to encroach further.[b] Tadakatsu fought hard until the Masatoyo's corps were annihilated, while Masatoyo himself captured.[40] Kansei Chōshū Shokafu chronicle has recorded that in the final phase of the battle, Tadakatsu fought ferociously until the Takeda forces routed, while a retainer of Honda clan named Kaji Masamichi managed to take the heads of Yamagata Masakage and Baba Nobuharu as a prize.[41]
In 1581, Tadakatsu participated in the Tokugawa army attack on Tanaka castle which guarded by Takeda clan general named Ichijō Nobutatsu. In this battle, Tadakatsu fought together with Matsudaira Ietada, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Ii Naomasa as they all climbed to Tanaka castle wall and fighting Nobutatsu's soldiers.[42][43][44][45] Later during the Siege of Takatenjin, Tokugawa forces under Tadakatsu and others stormed the castle managed to kill a Takeda general named Okabe Motonobu.[46] Later in the same year, Tadakatsu also defeat the army of Takeda Nobukado.[42]
Later, in March of same year, According to Meishō genkō-roku record, After the death of Takeda Katsuyori at the Battle of Tenmokuzan in 1582 and subjugated the Takeda clan territories, Ieyasu organized a kishōmon(blood oath) with many samurai clans that formerly was a vassal of Takeda clan to be assigned under the command of Tokugawa clan retainers.[47] Among those who has assigned the commands of the former Takeda samurais was Honda Tadakatsu, who received a command over 60 members of Asari clan led by Asari Masatane.[48][49][50]
After Nobunaga's death
In 1582, after the Honnō-ji Incident, Tadakatsu accompanied Ieyasu in an arduous journey to escape the enemies of Nobunaga in Sakai and returning to Mikawa. However, their journey were very dangerous due to the existence of "Ochimusha-gari" groups across the route.[51][51][c] During this journey, Tadakatsu and other senior Ieyasu retainers such as Sakai Tadatsugu and Ii Naomasa fought their way out against the raids and harassments from Ochimusha-gari (Samurai hunters) outlaws during their march escorting Ieyasu, while sometimes also paying bribes of gold and silver to the Ochimusha-gari gangs which they could bribe.[54] Arthur Lindsay Sadler said that Tadakatsu often "repelling the bandits" during this journey.[55] As they reached Kada, an area between Kameyama town and Iga,[56] The attacks from Ochimusha-gari finally ended as they reached the territory of Kōka ikki clans of Jizamurai who are friendly to the Tokugawa clan. The Koka ikki samurais helping them killing Ochimusha-gari and then escorting them until they reached Iga Province, where they further protected by samurai clans from Iga ikki which accompany the Ieyasu group until they safely reach Mikawa.[51] The Ietada nikki journal has recorded that the escorts of Ieyasu has killed around 200 outlaws during their journey from Osaka.[57][58]
In 1584, Tadakatsu finest moment came in the Komaki Campaign. Left at Komaki while Ieyasu departed to engage Toyotomi troops at Nagakute, Tadakatsu observed a huge host under Hideyoshi himself move out in pursuit. With a handful of men, Tadakatsu rode out and challenged the Toyotomi army from the opposite bank of the Shōnai River. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was said to have been impressed by Tadakatsu and commanded his army to not attack the small units of Tadakatsu.[59] After the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, the front line in northern Owari reached stalemate. Ieyasu and Oda Nobukatsu led 20,000 soldiers and besieged three castles: Kanie Castle, Maeda Castle, and Shimoichiba Castle.[60] The Kanie castle were defended by Maeda Nagatane and Takigawa Kazumasu. Tadatsugu, Okanabe Mori, and Yamaguchi Shigemasa spearheading the attack towards Shimoichiba castle.[61][62] On June 22, Nobukatsu and Ieyasu launch an all-out attack on Kanie Castle. The soldiers led by Tadatsugu, While Tadakatsu, Ishikawa Kazumasa, Ii Naomasa, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Matsudaira Ietada deployed in reserve before entering the battle with Ieyasu himself.[63] On June 23, Ieyasu entered the castle with Sakakibara Yasumasa, thus the castle were subdued. [60]
Famed Four Tokugawa's Guardians under Toyotomi Regency
In 1586, according to "Sakakibara clan historical records", Ieyasu sent Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa and Ii Naomasa as representatives to Kyoto, where three of them being regarded as "Tokugawa Sanketsu"(Three great nobles of Tokugawa).[64] Then in following month, the three of them joined by Sakai Tadatsugu to accompany Ieyasu in his personal trip to Kyoto, where the four of them became famous as "Four Tokugawa Guardians".[d] Tadakatsu also rewarded with several ranks promotion here.[65] In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu participated in Hideyoshi Toyotomi campaign against Hōjō clan and sent Tadakatsu, Torii Mototada, Hiraiwa Chikayoshi, and his other vassals to command the Tokugawa army to subdue various branches of castles controlled by the Hōjō clan.[66] Tadakatsu and Sakai Ietsugu captured Sakura Castle and fought against the Chiba clan, allies of the Hōjō in Shimōsa Province.[citation needed] Tadakatsu besieged Tamanawa Castle which defended by Hōjō Ujikatsu, until it fallen in April 21 and forcing Ujikatsu to abandon the castle.[38][67] In May 19, Tadakatsu, Torii Mototada, Hiraiwa Chikayoshi, and Kawakubo Nobutoshi, joined with Asano Nagamasa and Shigeka, forming 20,000 strong advance troops besieging Iwatsuki Castle. The forces of Honda clan under Tadakatsu's vassal, Kaji Masamichi, entered the castle and then go up to the top floor, where Masamichi raised a black flag to the outside to signalling their allies to follow suit entering the castle.[41] Iwatsuki castle has fallen in May 22.[68] In May 14, Tokugawa troops detachment under Tadakatsu, Shimada Toshimasa, and Torii Mototada were attaching themselves to the Toyotomi army besieging Hachigata Castle, with total strength of 35,000. On June 13, When Tadakatsu was deployed under Asano Nagamasa, he carried a cannon up a nearby mountain and began firing it into the castle, which causing severe damage to the castle, prompting its defender, Ujikuni, surrendered the castle in exchange for sparing the lives of the castle's soldiers. the castle fallen in June 14.[67] During this campaign, Tadakatsu also subdued Mangi Castle, which he temporarily settled in.[e][70]
Later in the same year, when Ieyasu was transferred to the Kantō region,, Ieyasu promoted him from daimyō/lord of the Ōtaki Domain (100000 koku) in Isumi District, Kazusa Province, to the Kuwana Domain (150000 koku) as a reward for his service.[71] In addition, his son Honda Tadatomo became daimyo of Ōtaki.[72] It was said the reason why Ieyasu placed Tadakatsu far from Edo was due to Ieyasu's policy of placing his Fudai daimyō on the borders in anticipation of potential enemy invasion. Yasumasa was preparing against the Sanada clan and Uesugi clan in the north, while Tadakatsu was prepared to anticipate potential aggression from the Satomi clan in Awa Province.[73]
In 1591, after one year settling in Mangi castle, Tadakatsu move into Otaki Castle.[74] Later, Ieyasu Tokugawa brought Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Ii Naomasa to participate in the suppression of Kunohe rebellion.[75][76]
Sekigahara campaign
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Site_of_Honda_Tadakatsu%27s_Position.jpg/220px-Site_of_Honda_Tadakatsu%27s_Position.jpg)
In 1600, Tadakatsu had a major role in the Tokugawa campaign against Ishida Mitsunari faction. Before the start of the conflict, Tadakatsu also played diplomatic role as he entered negotiation with Sadayasu Kato, daimyo of Hōki Province, and swayed him to side with Tokugawa faction.[77]
On August 21, The Eastern army alliance which sided with Ieyasu Tokugawa attacked Takegahana castle which defended by Oda Hidenobu, who sides with Mitsunari faction.[78] They split themselves into two groups, where 18,000 soldiers led by Ikeda Terumasa and Asano Yoshinaga went to the river crossing, while 16,000 soldiers led by Naomasa, Fukushima Masanori, Hosokawa Tadaoki, Kyogoku Kochi, Kuroda Nagamasa, Katō Yoshiaki, Tōdō Takatora, Tanaka Yoshimasa, and Honda Tadakatsu went downstream at Ichinomiya.[79] The first group led by Terumasa crossed the Kiso River and engaged in a battle at Yoneno, causing the Hidenobu army routed. On the other hand, Takegahana castle were reinforced by a Western army faction's general named Sugiura Shigekatsu. The Eastern army led by Naomasa and Fukushima crossed the river and directly attacked Takegahana Castle at 9:00 AM on the August 22nd. Shigekatsu himself setting the castle on fire and committed suicide as a final act of defiance.[78]
On September 29, Tadakatsu and Masanori led their army to rendezvous with Ikeda Terumasa army, where they engaged Oda Hidenobu army in the Battle of Gifu Castle. crossing a river near Hagiwara and Ogoe town, and approached the Gifu Castle with total 35,000 soldiers.[80] In this battle, Hidenobu castle were deprived the expected support from Ishikawa Sadakiyo (石川貞清), who decided to not help the Western army in this war after he made an agreement with Naomasa. Hidenobu was prepared to commit seppuku, but was persuaded by Ikeda Terumasa and others to surrender to the eastern forces, and the Gifu Castle fell.[81][82]
In October, Tadakatsu participated in the Battle of Kuisegawa. At first, two Tokugawa generals Nakamura Kazuhide and Arima Toyouji fell into a trap of ambush from the flanks as they were pursuing the fleeing Western Army officers Shima Sakon and Akashi Teruzumi. However, the timely intervention of Tadakatsu gave space for Kazuhide and Toyouji to escape from Sakon aggression, and Tadakatsu managed to halt the western army from pursuing his comrades.[83][84]
Later, Honda Tadakatsu was present at the Battle of Sekigahara,[85] Ōta Gyūichi chronicles of Daifu-Kō gunki has recorded that after several western army generals such as Ōtani Yoshitsugu and Shima Sakon along with his son were slain in the battle, Tadakatsu units surging forward against the western army unimpeded until reached Nakasuji, causing the western army to rout and flee down to the Tamafuji River.[86]
After the victory of Ieyasu forces in Sekigahara, Ieyasu rewarded Tadakatsu with domain increase of 150,000 koku. However, Tadakatsu refused this promotion, so Ieyasu instead assigned reward of 50,000 to Tadakatsu's son instead.[4] Tadakatsu and Ii Naomasa engaged in peace agreement with Mōri Terumoto.[87]
Retirement & death
In 1609, Tadakatsu retired, and his other son Tadamasa took over the position of the head of Honda clan.[88] Tadakatsu's daughter, Komatsuhime was Sanada Nobuyuki's lawful wife and mother of Sanada Nobumasa, daimyō of Matsushiro Domain. His grandson, Tadatoki, married the granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Senhime. Despite his years of loyal service, Tadakatsu became increasingly estranged from the Tokugawa shogunate (Bakufu government) as it evolved from a military to a civilian political institution. This was a fate shared by many other warriors of the time, who were not able to make the conversion from the chaotic lifetime of warfare of the Sengoku period to the more stable peace of the Tokugawa shogunate.[citation needed]
Personal info
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Armor_of_Honda_Tadakatsu.jpg/200px-Armor_of_Honda_Tadakatsu.jpg)
Tadakatsu reputation has gained praise from Oda Nobunaga, has praised him,[7] called him a "samurai among samurai".[citation needed] Moreover, Toyotomi Hideyoshi noted that the best samurai were "Honda Tadakatsu in the east and Tachibana Muneshige in the west". Even Takeda Shingen praised Honda, saying that "he is a luxury of Tokugawa Ieyasu". It was widely acknowledged that he was a reputed samurai, war hero and a loyal retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu.[89]
Tadakatsu is nicknamed as "The Warrior who surpassed Death itself" because he never once suffered a significant wound, despite being the veteran of over 57 battles by the end of his life.[90][25][88] An anecdote recorded by Japanese writer Kusudo Yoshiaki has stated that Honda Tadakatsu always compared to another Tokugawa general Ii Naomasa, where despite being lightly armored, Tadakatsu never received any injury during his life, while Naomasa always received wounds every battle despite heavily armored.[91]
There is anecdote in a record from a descendant of Sakakibara clan, that stated despite Tadakatsu exceeding Sakakibara Yasumasa in terms of valor and combat, Yasumasa is better than Tadakatsu in the field leadership skill.[92][93] Another anecdote spoke about physical strength of Tadakatsu, where he could cut a bamboo reed with by slashing it with a wooden oar, instead of metal blade.[7]
The armor set used by Honda Tadakatsu has unique style of two-piece body with iron hinges. Cut iron plates with black lacquer. it has white large Japamala rosary is hung across the shoulder to armpit of the armor. The helmet is black lacquer with large deer antler shaped Wakidate(Crests fitted to the sides of a helmet).[94]
His horse was known as Mikuniguro.
Tonbokiri spear
His spear was named Tonbokiri(Dragonfly Cutter), was made by Fujiwara Masazane. it became known as one of the "Three Great Spears of Japan". As the modern era preserved, It has 79 centimeters in length.[95] According to historical records, Tonbokiri originally has length of 6 meters. However, according to the record of Honda Tadakatsu worlds himself, he purposely shorten the length by 1 meter after he reached advanced age to match his physical demand for carrying such weapons, unlike when he was still young.[96]
From the bottom of the shaft, the Tonbokiri has inscriptions of Kaman of Fudo Myoo, the evil-destroying sword Sankoken, the Sa (Sanskrit) of Sho Kannon Bodhisattva, the Kiriku of Amida Tathagata, and Jizo. Each one is engraved with the ka (Sanskrit character) for Bodhisattva.[97]
Legend held that the tip of the spear was so sharp, that a dragonfly that landed on it was cut in two.[97]
Nakatsukasa sword
Aside from this incredible spear, Tadakatsu also used the katana - Nakatsukasaa made by Masamune (中務正宗),Nakatsukasa Masamune (中務正宗)#[98][99] a 67 cm blade, another national treasure of Japan.[100]
Popular culture
In theater and other contemporary works, Tadakatsu is often characterized as polar opposite of Ieyasu's other great general, Ii Naomasa. While both were fierce warriors of the Tokugawa, Tadakatsu's ability to elude injury is often contrasted with the common depiction of Naomasa enduring many battle wounds, but fighting through them.[citation needed]
Honda Tadakatsu appears in numerous Japanese jidaigeki (historical dramas for television) set in the 16th century. He is a minor character in Akira Kurosawa's movie Kagemusha.[101]
Honda Tadakatsu, or fictive characters based loosely on the historical figure, appears in several video games and associated anime, including the Sengoku Basara games and anime, Samurai Warriors, Warriors Orochi, Nioh 2, Pokémon Conquest, and Kessen.
Honda appears as a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game Rise of Kingdoms.[102]
Appendix
Footnotes
- ^ Hachiya Hannojō Sadatsugu was a relative of Ōkubo clan and former follower of Ikkō-ikki sect led by Kōsa who rebelled against Samurai daimyo in Mikawa. Sadatsugu later pardoned by Tokugawa Ieyasu.[10][14]
- ^ Honda clan's records.[40]
- ^ According to Imatani Akira, professor of Tsuru University, and Ishikawa Tadashi, assistant professor University of Central Florida, during Sengoku period there are emergence of particularly dangerous groups called "Ochimusha-gari" or "fallen warrior hunt" groups. these groups were decentralized peasant or Rōnin self-defense forces who operates outside the law, while in actuality they often resorted to hunt Samurais or soldiers who has been defeated in wars.[52][53][51]
- ^ However, Murayama did not mention the sobriquet of "Four Guardians" here. He only mention that those four Tokugawa generals "became famous[64]
- ^ The kanji of Mangi castle could be written either 万木城 or 万喜城 (Mangi-jō)[69]
References
- ^ Antoine Rous marquis de La Mazelière (1907). Le Japon: Le Japon des Tokugawa (in French). Plon-Nourrit et cie. p. 160. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
- ^ James Murdoch (1996). A History of Japan, Volume 2. Psychology Press. p. 712. ISBN 0415150760. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
- ^ "「榊原康政」の解説". kotobank. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Ōtaki-cho, (Chiba-ken) (1991). Ōtaki-cho shi (大多喜町史). Ōtaki-cho. p. 479.
- ^ Kōri, Yoshitake (2009). Kuwana-han (Dai 1-han ed.). Gendai Shokan. p. 13. ISBN 978-4-7684-7117-3. OCLC 469634113.
- ^ a b 尾崎 晃 (2009). "本多忠勝(一五四八~一六一〇)--徳川幕府創出の功労者". 千葉史学 / 千葉歴史学会 編 (in Japanese) (54): 96–100. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ a b c つまみライチ さん (2023). "本多忠勝ってどんな人? 名言や逸話からその人物像に迫る" [What kind of person is Honda Tadakatsu? Get to know the person through famous quotes and anecdotes]. sengoku-his.com. sengoku-his.com. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
"Honda Family History Book" (Donated by Munetaka Tokugawa, manuscript (year unknown), Tokyo National Museum Digital Library); "Mikawa Gofudoki Seishon Daizen" (1992, Shinjinjin Oraisha); Shigemi Okaya, "A Record of Famous Generals' Comments" (1909, National Diet Library Digital Archive); Masaatsu Hotta "Kansei Chushun Sho Kafu" (National Diet Library Digital Archive); Shinei Negishi "Ear Bag" (1991, Iwanami Shoten); Tadafuyu Matsudaira "Ietada Diary Expansion Added" (Yonezawa Municipal Library Digital Library)
- ^ Tojin (2019). "「本多忠勝」戦国最強と称される猛将の生涯と実像とは?" [“Honda Tadakatsu” What is the life and true image of the fierce general known as the strongest in the Sengoku period?]. sengoku-his.com. sengoku-his.com. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
Hiroyuki Shiba, "Domination of the territory by the feudal lords of the Tokugawa clan during the Sengoku period and Oritoyo period", Iwata Shoin, 2014; Masuo Senmoto, Encyclopedia of Tokugawa Ieyasu's Vassals, Tokyodo Publishing, 2015; Hiroyuki Kikuchi, "The Mystery of the Tokugawa Vassals" Kadokawa publishing, 2016.
- ^ Stephen Turnbull (2012, pp. 13, 27, 34)
- ^ a b Carol Richmond Tsang (2020, p. 215, 219, 303 n)
- ^ Tadachika Kuwata (1965). 日本の合戦. 第5巻 (織田信長) [Battle of Japan Volume 5 (Oda Nobunaga)] (in Japanese). Tokyo: 人物往来社. p. 207. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
- ^ Norikazu Shingyō (1975). Ikkō ikki no kiso kōzō (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kobunkan. p. 66. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ 新行紀一; 笠原一男 (1975). 一向一揆の基礎構造 三河一揆と松平氏 [Basic structure of Ikko Ikki Mikawa Ikki and the Matsudaira clan]. 吉川弘文館. ISBN 9784642067041. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ 堀田, 正敦 (1923). "蜂屋氏". 寛政重脩諸家譜 第2輯. 國民圖書. pp. 590–591.
- ^ 大口喜六 (1937). 国史上より観たる豊橋地方 (in Japanese). Keio University. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ 大日本人名辞書 (in Japanese). 經濟雜誌社. 1900. p. 39. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ 大日本人名辭書 Volume 3. 大日本人名辭書刊行會. 1937. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ Ozaki Akira (2009). 千葉史学 no 54本多忠勝(一五四八~一六一〇)--徳川幕府創出の功労者 (房総に生きた人びとと歴史 ; 近世) [Chiba History Magazine no. 54: Honda Tadakatsu (1548-1610) -- Person who contributed to the creation of the Tokugawa shogunate (People and history who lived in Bōsō; early modern times)] (in Japanese). Chiba Historical Society. pp. 96–100. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1987). Battles of the Samurai. Arms and Armour Press. p. 62. ISBN 0853688265.
- ^ Mitsutoshi Takayanagi; Tadachika Kuwata (1965). 織田信長 (in Japanese). 人物往来社. p. 109. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
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